草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 80-91.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025237
收稿日期:2025-06-16
修回日期:2025-09-18
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-05-21
通讯作者:
周正朝
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: zczhou@snnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Jun-yang LIU1(
), Zheng-chao ZHOU2(
), Xue-meng SU3
Received:2025-06-16
Revised:2025-09-18
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
Zheng-chao ZHOU
摘要:
植物根系对土壤胶体表面电化学性质有显著影响。为量化植物根系与土壤胶体表面电化学性质的响应关系,本试验以黄土高原3个不同采样区(神木、安塞和永寿)的典型草本植物为研究对象,对根系形态参数和土壤胶体表面电化学性质进行了测定和分析。结果表明:研究区不同样地土壤表面电场、表面电势、表面电荷数量、比表面积和表面电荷密度的变化范围分别是1.23×108~28.46×108 V·m-1、-149.91~-81.33 mV、7.26~24.34 cmolc·kg-1、8.32~147.38 m2·g-1和0.09~2.02 C·m-2。根系形态参数(根长密度、根表面积密度和根体积密度)与土壤胶体表面电化学性质显著相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),并且0 mm<d≤0.5 mm径级的细根是影响土壤胶体表面电化学性质的关键。根表面积密度与土壤表面电场、表面电势和表面电荷密度指数函数负相关,与土壤比表面积和表面电荷数量指数函数正相关(R2=0.35~0.67,P<0.01)。植物根系对土壤胶体表面电化学性质的影响以间接方式为主,主要通过改变土壤理化性质来实现。此外,由于不同采样区植物根系的生长以及与土壤互馈机制的差异,植物根系在神木地区对土壤胶体表面电化学性质的影响最为显著,其次是安塞和永寿地区。该研究有助于进一步认识植物根系对土壤胶体表面电化学性质的影响,为土壤功能和退化生态系统的恢复提供基础科学依据。
刘均阳, 周正朝, 苏雪萌. 黄土高原典型草本植物根系对土壤胶体表面电化学性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(7): 80-91.
Jun-yang LIU, Zheng-chao ZHOU, Xue-meng SU. Effects of typical herbaceous plant roots on electrochemical properties of the soil colloid surface on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 80-91.
编号 Code | 地理位置 Geographical location | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 坡向 Aspect (°) | 坡度 Gradient (°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMTG | 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1221.60 | 305 | 13 |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1224.12 | 320 | 15 | |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1218.77 | 289 | 15 | |
| SMCM | 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1228.15 | 286 | 15 |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1209.74 | 264 | 13 | |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1205.14 | 271 | 16 | |
| SMDZ | 38.80° N,110.36° E | 1131.42 | 334 | 16 |
| 38.80° N,110.36° E | 1107.19 | 319 | 18 | |
| 38.80° N,110.36° E | 1107.19 | 303 | 15 | |
| ASTG | 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1262.66 | 23 | 18 |
| 36.79° N,109.28° E | 1234.61 | 271 | 16 | |
| 36.79° N,109.28° E | 1228.53 | 330 | 15 | |
| ASCM | 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1281.48 | 309 | 13 |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1257.69 | 278 | 15 | |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1249.07 | 330 | 14 | |
| ASDZ | 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1251.15 | 49 | 15 |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1231.23 | 310 | 14 | |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1240.34 | 301 | 17 | |
| YSTG | 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1278.85 | 286 | 15 |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1283.51 | 313 | 18 | |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1225.16 | 270 | 15 | |
| YSCM | 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1238.85 | 330 | 13 |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1253.51 | 310 | 15 | |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1243.45 | 295 | 15 | |
| YSDZ | 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1210.21 | 263 | 14 |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1252.76 | 361 | 17 | |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1243.28 | 254 | 16 |
表1 样地信息
Table 1 Information of the sampling sites
编号 Code | 地理位置 Geographical location | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 坡向 Aspect (°) | 坡度 Gradient (°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMTG | 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1221.60 | 305 | 13 |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1224.12 | 320 | 15 | |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1218.77 | 289 | 15 | |
| SMCM | 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1228.15 | 286 | 15 |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1209.74 | 264 | 13 | |
| 38.79° N,110.37° E | 1205.14 | 271 | 16 | |
| SMDZ | 38.80° N,110.36° E | 1131.42 | 334 | 16 |
| 38.80° N,110.36° E | 1107.19 | 319 | 18 | |
| 38.80° N,110.36° E | 1107.19 | 303 | 15 | |
| ASTG | 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1262.66 | 23 | 18 |
| 36.79° N,109.28° E | 1234.61 | 271 | 16 | |
| 36.79° N,109.28° E | 1228.53 | 330 | 15 | |
| ASCM | 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1281.48 | 309 | 13 |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1257.69 | 278 | 15 | |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1249.07 | 330 | 14 | |
| ASDZ | 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1251.15 | 49 | 15 |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1231.23 | 310 | 14 | |
| 36.80° N,109.28° E | 1240.34 | 301 | 17 | |
| YSTG | 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1278.85 | 286 | 15 |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1283.51 | 313 | 18 | |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1225.16 | 270 | 15 | |
| YSCM | 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1238.85 | 330 | 13 |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1253.51 | 310 | 15 | |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1243.45 | 295 | 15 | |
| YSDZ | 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1210.21 | 263 | 14 |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1252.76 | 361 | 17 | |
| 34.84° N,108.13° E | 1243.28 | 254 | 16 |
图1 不同样地的根系形态参数不同大写字母表示同一采样区内不同样地类型间的显著差异,不同小写字母表示同一样地类型不同采样区间的显著差异(P<0.05)。下同。Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different sample types within the same sampling area, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different sampling areas within the same sample type (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.1 Root morphology parameters of different sampling sites
| 编码Code | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | pH | 黏粒 Clay (%) | 粉粒 Silt (%) | 砂粒 Sand (%) | 氧化铝 Al2O3 (%) | 氧化钙 CaO (%) | 氧化铁 Fe2O3 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMTG | 7.02±4.10ABb | 7.85±0.14Bab | 9.24±0.73ABb | 53.61±3.12ABb | 37.15±3.85ABa | 11.09±0.41Ab | 6.45±0.32Aa | 3.98±0.18Ab |
| SMCM | 11.06±3.02Ab | 7.70±0.04Bb | 12.26±3.02Ab | 54.89±7.53Ab | 32.85±10.56Ba | 11.18±0.23Ab | 4.74±0.87Bb | 3.75±0.32ABb |
| SMDZ | 1.90±0.37Bb | 8.07±0.05Aa | 5.90±1.08Bb | 42.68±6.06Bc | 51.42±7.05Aa | 10.52±0.09Bc | 4.88±0.48Bc | 3.45±0.18Bc |
| ASTG | 6.20±2.03Ab | 7.95±0.23Aa | 8.42±1.11Ab | 56.12±1.88Ab | 35.46±2.82Aa | 10.88±0.05Ab | 8.22±0.69Aa | 3.82±0.06Ab |
| ASCM | 8.12±5.41Ab | 7.95±0.15Aa | 10.13±3.24Ab | 58.50±4.49Ab | 31.37±5.56Aa | 11.72±0.81Ab | 7.42±1.37Aa | 4.14±0.34Ab |
| ASDZ | 3.64±0.61Ab | 7.86±0.06Ab | 8.29±0.17Ab | 59.31±0.12Ab | 32.41±0.18Ab | 11.10±0.13Ab | 7.63±0.21Aa | 4.01±0.03Ab |
| YSTG | 53.39±12.34Aa | 7.57±0.12Bb | 24.32±1.70Aa | 68.92±4.12Aa | 6.76±1.15Ab | 12.57±0.42Aa | 6.54±1.63Aa | 5.17±0.25Aa |
| YSCM | 38.88±12.08ABa | 7.64±0.10ABb | 23.64±4.73Aa | 70.14±4.00Aa | 6.12±1.21Ab | 12.75±0.07Aa | 6.35±0.69Aab | 5.17±0.04Aa |
| YSDZ | 27.07±2.01Ba | 7.81±0.02Ab | 21.35±2.99Aa | 72.27±1.27Aa | 6.17±2.01Ac | 12.83±0.02Aa | 6.30±0.10Ab | 5.12±0.02Aa |
表2 不同样地的土壤理化性质(均值±标准差)
Table 2 Soil physical and chemical properties of all the sampling sites (mean±SD)
| 编码Code | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | pH | 黏粒 Clay (%) | 粉粒 Silt (%) | 砂粒 Sand (%) | 氧化铝 Al2O3 (%) | 氧化钙 CaO (%) | 氧化铁 Fe2O3 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMTG | 7.02±4.10ABb | 7.85±0.14Bab | 9.24±0.73ABb | 53.61±3.12ABb | 37.15±3.85ABa | 11.09±0.41Ab | 6.45±0.32Aa | 3.98±0.18Ab |
| SMCM | 11.06±3.02Ab | 7.70±0.04Bb | 12.26±3.02Ab | 54.89±7.53Ab | 32.85±10.56Ba | 11.18±0.23Ab | 4.74±0.87Bb | 3.75±0.32ABb |
| SMDZ | 1.90±0.37Bb | 8.07±0.05Aa | 5.90±1.08Bb | 42.68±6.06Bc | 51.42±7.05Aa | 10.52±0.09Bc | 4.88±0.48Bc | 3.45±0.18Bc |
| ASTG | 6.20±2.03Ab | 7.95±0.23Aa | 8.42±1.11Ab | 56.12±1.88Ab | 35.46±2.82Aa | 10.88±0.05Ab | 8.22±0.69Aa | 3.82±0.06Ab |
| ASCM | 8.12±5.41Ab | 7.95±0.15Aa | 10.13±3.24Ab | 58.50±4.49Ab | 31.37±5.56Aa | 11.72±0.81Ab | 7.42±1.37Aa | 4.14±0.34Ab |
| ASDZ | 3.64±0.61Ab | 7.86±0.06Ab | 8.29±0.17Ab | 59.31±0.12Ab | 32.41±0.18Ab | 11.10±0.13Ab | 7.63±0.21Aa | 4.01±0.03Ab |
| YSTG | 53.39±12.34Aa | 7.57±0.12Bb | 24.32±1.70Aa | 68.92±4.12Aa | 6.76±1.15Ab | 12.57±0.42Aa | 6.54±1.63Aa | 5.17±0.25Aa |
| YSCM | 38.88±12.08ABa | 7.64±0.10ABb | 23.64±4.73Aa | 70.14±4.00Aa | 6.12±1.21Ab | 12.75±0.07Aa | 6.35±0.69Aab | 5.17±0.04Aa |
| YSDZ | 27.07±2.01Ba | 7.81±0.02Ab | 21.35±2.99Aa | 72.27±1.27Aa | 6.17±2.01Ac | 12.83±0.02Aa | 6.30±0.10Ab | 5.12±0.02Aa |
指标 Index | 根系径级 Root diameter grade | 表面电场 Surface electric field | 表面电势 Surface potential | 表面电荷数量 Surface charge number | 比表面积 Specific surface area | 表面电荷密度 Surface charge density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根长密度 Root length density | 全部根系Total roots | -0.407* | -0.450* | 0.564** | 0.393* | -0.407* |
| 0 mm<d≤0.5 mm | -0.385* | -0.424* | 0.520** | 0.393* | -0.385* | |
| 0.5 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.308 | -0.351 | 0.519** | 0.152 | -0.308 | |
| 0 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.406* | -0.503* | 0.562** | 0.394* | -0.406* | |
| d>2 mm | -0.268 | -0.342 | 0.511** | 0.133 | -0.268 | |
根表面积密度 Root surface area density | 全部根系Total roots | -0.423* | -0.448* | 0.601** | 0.314 | -0.423* |
| 0 mm<d≤0.5 mm | -0.409* | -0.453* | 0.509** | 0.382* | -0.409* | |
| 0.5 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.269 | -0.275 | 0.461* | 0.106 | -0.269 | |
| 0 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.425* | -0.479* | 0.596** | 0.320 | -0.425* | |
| d>2 mm | -0.266 | -0.345 | 0.516** | 0.143 | -0.267 | |
根体积密度 Root volume density | 全部根系Total roots | -0.345 | -0.385* | 0.551** | 0.199 | -0.345 |
| 0 mm<d≤0.5 mm | -0.358 | -0.365 | 0.388* | 0.273 | -0.358 | |
| 0.5 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.288 | -0.321 | 0.487** | 0.147 | -0.288 | |
| 0 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.354 | -0.385* | 0.543** | 0.204 | -0.354 | |
| d>2 mm | -0.265 | -0.337 | 0.517** | 0.153 | -0.265 |
表3 植物根系形态参数与土壤胶体表面电化学性质的相关系数
Table 3 Correlation coefficients between root morphological parameters and electrochemical properties of soil colloid surface
指标 Index | 根系径级 Root diameter grade | 表面电场 Surface electric field | 表面电势 Surface potential | 表面电荷数量 Surface charge number | 比表面积 Specific surface area | 表面电荷密度 Surface charge density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根长密度 Root length density | 全部根系Total roots | -0.407* | -0.450* | 0.564** | 0.393* | -0.407* |
| 0 mm<d≤0.5 mm | -0.385* | -0.424* | 0.520** | 0.393* | -0.385* | |
| 0.5 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.308 | -0.351 | 0.519** | 0.152 | -0.308 | |
| 0 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.406* | -0.503* | 0.562** | 0.394* | -0.406* | |
| d>2 mm | -0.268 | -0.342 | 0.511** | 0.133 | -0.268 | |
根表面积密度 Root surface area density | 全部根系Total roots | -0.423* | -0.448* | 0.601** | 0.314 | -0.423* |
| 0 mm<d≤0.5 mm | -0.409* | -0.453* | 0.509** | 0.382* | -0.409* | |
| 0.5 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.269 | -0.275 | 0.461* | 0.106 | -0.269 | |
| 0 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.425* | -0.479* | 0.596** | 0.320 | -0.425* | |
| d>2 mm | -0.266 | -0.345 | 0.516** | 0.143 | -0.267 | |
根体积密度 Root volume density | 全部根系Total roots | -0.345 | -0.385* | 0.551** | 0.199 | -0.345 |
| 0 mm<d≤0.5 mm | -0.358 | -0.365 | 0.388* | 0.273 | -0.358 | |
| 0.5 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.288 | -0.321 | 0.487** | 0.147 | -0.288 | |
| 0 mm<d≤2 mm | -0.354 | -0.385* | 0.543** | 0.204 | -0.354 | |
| d>2 mm | -0.265 | -0.337 | 0.517** | 0.153 | -0.265 |
图4 根表面积密度与土壤胶体表面电化学性质的关系RSAD: 根表面积密度Root surface area density; E0: 土壤表面电场Soil surface electric field; φ0: 表面电势Surface potential; σ0: 表面电荷密度Surface charge density; S: 比表面积Specific surface area; SCN: 表面电荷数量Surface charges number.
Fig.4 Relationships between root surface area density and electrochemical properties of soil colloid surface
指标 Index | 有机质 Organic matter | pH | 黏粒 Clay | 粉粒 Silt | 砂粒 Sand | 氧化铝 Al2O3 | 氧化钙 CaO | 氧化铁 Fe2O3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 根长密度Root length density | 0.646** | -0.691** | 0.424* | 0.304 | -0.384* | 0.434* | -0.241 | 0.441* |
| 根表面积密度Root surface area density | 0.601** | -0.610** | 0.287 | 0.261 | -0.294 | 0.341 | -0.139 | 0.361 |
| 根体积密度Root volume density | 0.488** | -0.406* | 0.118 | 0.230 | -0.197 | 0.161 | 0.047 | 0.261 |
| 表面电场Surface electric field | -0.489** | 0.544** | -0.556** | -0.527** | 0.587** | -0.598** | -0.251 | -0.626** |
| 表面电势Surface potential | -0.760** | 0.665** | -0.800** | -0.647** | 0.780** | -0.800** | -0.086 | -0.847** |
| 表面电荷数量Surface charge number | 0.786** | -0.666** | 0.594** | 0.659** | -0.693** | 0.629** | 0.119 | 0.728** |
| 比表面积Specific surface area | 0.658** | -0.587** | 0.711** | 0.464* | -0.629** | 0.654** | -0.083 | 0.715** |
| 表面电荷密度Surface charge density | -0.489** | 0.544** | -0.555** | -0.528** | 0.587** | -0.598** | -0.252 | -0.626** |
表4 植物根系形态参数和土壤性质的相关系数
Table 4 Correlation coefficients between root morphology parameters and soil properties
指标 Index | 有机质 Organic matter | pH | 黏粒 Clay | 粉粒 Silt | 砂粒 Sand | 氧化铝 Al2O3 | 氧化钙 CaO | 氧化铁 Fe2O3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 根长密度Root length density | 0.646** | -0.691** | 0.424* | 0.304 | -0.384* | 0.434* | -0.241 | 0.441* |
| 根表面积密度Root surface area density | 0.601** | -0.610** | 0.287 | 0.261 | -0.294 | 0.341 | -0.139 | 0.361 |
| 根体积密度Root volume density | 0.488** | -0.406* | 0.118 | 0.230 | -0.197 | 0.161 | 0.047 | 0.261 |
| 表面电场Surface electric field | -0.489** | 0.544** | -0.556** | -0.527** | 0.587** | -0.598** | -0.251 | -0.626** |
| 表面电势Surface potential | -0.760** | 0.665** | -0.800** | -0.647** | 0.780** | -0.800** | -0.086 | -0.847** |
| 表面电荷数量Surface charge number | 0.786** | -0.666** | 0.594** | 0.659** | -0.693** | 0.629** | 0.119 | 0.728** |
| 比表面积Specific surface area | 0.658** | -0.587** | 0.711** | 0.464* | -0.629** | 0.654** | -0.083 | 0.715** |
| 表面电荷密度Surface charge density | -0.489** | 0.544** | -0.555** | -0.528** | 0.587** | -0.598** | -0.252 | -0.626** |
变异源 Mutation source | 偏Eta平方 Partial Eta square | 误差自由度 Error degree of freedom | 假设自由度 Suppose degrees of freedom | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 采样地(土壤类型) Sampling site (soil type) | 0.770 | 16.00 | 10.00 | 5.368 | 0.002 |
| 植被类型Vegetation type | 0.301 | 8.00 | 5.00 | 0.689 | 0.646 |
| 采样地×植被类型Sampling site×vegetation type | 0.423 | 16.00 | 10.00 | 1.171 | 0.375 |
| 总变异Total variation | 1.494 | 40.00 | 25.00 |
表5 土壤胶体表面电化学性质双因素多元方差分析结果
Table 5 Two-factor multivariate variance results of electrochemical properties of soil colloidal surface
变异源 Mutation source | 偏Eta平方 Partial Eta square | 误差自由度 Error degree of freedom | 假设自由度 Suppose degrees of freedom | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 采样地(土壤类型) Sampling site (soil type) | 0.770 | 16.00 | 10.00 | 5.368 | 0.002 |
| 植被类型Vegetation type | 0.301 | 8.00 | 5.00 | 0.689 | 0.646 |
| 采样地×植被类型Sampling site×vegetation type | 0.423 | 16.00 | 10.00 | 1.171 | 0.375 |
| 总变异Total variation | 1.494 | 40.00 | 25.00 |
图5 路径分析实线和虚线分别为显著和不显著的标准化路径。GOF为拟合优度。The solid and dashed lines are the standardized paths of significance and insignificance, respectively. GOF indicates the goodness of fit.
Fig.5 Path analysis
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