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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1-11.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024428

• 研究论文 •    

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区退耕恢复草地植物空间分布格局研究

孔繁晰(), 唐邦洁, 阿力米日·阿力木江, 阿的各各, 袁茂国, 陈俊()   

  1. 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-29 修回日期:2024-12-13 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 陈俊
  • 作者简介:E-mail: chen_jun2008@nwsuaf.edu.cn
    孔繁晰(2000-),女,回族,河北河间人,硕士。E-mail: 2080435759@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2021NY-012)

Species spatial distribution patterns in grassland under restoration in ‘hill and gully’ regions of the Loess Plateau

Fan-xi KONG(), Bang-jie TANG, A-li-mi-ri ALIMUJIANG, Ge-ge ADE, Mao-guo YUAN, Jun CHEN()   

  1. College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
  • Received:2024-10-29 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Jun CHEN

摘要:

为探究黄土高原退耕自然恢复草地植物的空间分布格局,选取陕西省吴起县退耕5、10和25年3个不同退耕恢复年限草地,利用植物齐地面刈割地上生物量测定法和点网格盖度测定法及其γ分布和β分布两种数理解析模型,计算群落整体以及组成群落的各植物种的空间异质性指数,探明各植物种在空间分布格局中所起的作用,为退耕恢复草地的科学管理与合理利用提供理论支撑。研究结果表明,不同退耕恢复年限的草地群落植物种的空间异质性指数均随平均地上生物量和盖度的增大极显著地降低(P<0.01);退耕10年的草地禾本科植物的地上生物量和盖度所占比例较退耕5年的草地高,其中退耕10年草地中针茅在总生物量和盖度中的占比分别达到23.0%和37.6%,而退耕25年的草地中退化指示植物种三叶委陵菜成为群落的第1优势种,说明退耕年限过长不利于维持群落中禾本科等优质植物的地上生物量及盖度比例;优势顺序靠前的植物种降低了群落整体的空间异质性,优势顺序靠后的植物种对群落空间分布格局作用很小。

关键词: 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区, 退耕恢复草地, 地上生物量, 盖度, γ分布模型, β分布模型, 空间异质性

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to explore the spatial distribution pattern of plants in grasslands under natural restoration on the Loess Plateau. To this end, a field study was conducted at three grassland sites that had been under natural restoration for 5, 10, and 25 years in Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province. The spatial heterogeneity indexes of the whole community and each species in the community were calculated using the aboveground biomass measurement method and the point-grid coverage measurement method, the data were analyzed using two mathematical analytical models: γ-distribution and β-distribution models. Using these analyses, we were able to determine the role of each plant species in the spatial distribution pattern. The results show that the spatial heterogeneity index of grassland species decreased significantly with the increase in average aboveground biomass and coverage (P<0.01); the proportion of aboveground biomass and coverage of grasses were higher in the 10-year grassland than in the 5-year grassland. Among all the plant species, Stipa capillata accounted for 23.0% and 37.6% of the total biomass and coverage in the 10-year grassland, respectively. In the 25-year grassland, the degradation indicator plant species, Potentilla freyniana, was the dominant species in the community. This result indicates that a long fallow period is not conducive to maintaining the aboveground biomass and cover ratio of grasses and other high-quality plants in the community. The most dominant plant species reduced the spatial heterogeneity of the community as a whole, while the least dominant species had very little effect on the spatial distribution pattern of the community. Overall, the results of this study provide objective data to guide scientific management and rational use of grassland during restoration.

Key words: Loess Plateau hilly and gully area, fallow restoration grassland, aboveground biomass, coverage, γ-distribution model, β-distribution model, spatial heterogeneity