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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 14-24.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020563

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

添加生物质炭对黄土高原旱作农田土壤养分、腐殖质及其组分的影响

潘占东1,2(), 马倩倩1,2, 陈晓龙1,2, 蔡立群1,2(), 蔡雪梅1,2, 董博1,3, 武均1,2, 张仁陟1,2   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃农业大学甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所甘肃省新型肥料创制工程实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-15 修回日期:2021-03-10 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2021-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 蔡立群
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: cailq@gsau.edu.cn
    潘占东(1992-),男,甘肃庆阳人,在读硕士。E-mail: panzdgs@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41661049);甘肃省新型肥料创制工程实验室开放基金(GSXFL-2018-03)

Effects of biochar addition on nutrient levels and humus and its components in dry farmland soils on the Loess Plateau

Zhan-dong PAN1,2(), Qian-qian MA1,2, Xiao-long CHEN1,2, Li-qun CAI1,2(), Xue-mei CAI1,2, Bo DONG1,3, Jun WU1,2, Ren-zhi ZHANG1,2   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    3.Gansu New Fertilizer Creation Engineering Laboratory,Institute of Soil Fertilizer,and Water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2020-12-15 Revised:2021-03-10 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2021-12-22
  • Contact: Li-qun CAI

摘要:

黄土高原水土流失严重,导致部分土壤养分和质量明显下降。生物质炭在土壤改良方面被广泛应用,能提高作物产量和土壤生物活性水平。然而,生物质炭是否可以通过改善土壤养分、腐殖质组成及含量来提高黄绵土理化性质尚不清楚。以黄土高原黄绵土为研究对象,依托甘肃农业大学旱作农业试验站,设置6个生物质炭添加水平(0、10、20、30、40、50 t·hm-2)的4年定位试验,测定土壤养分、有机碳组分、结合态腐殖质构成及组分变化。结果表明:生物质炭添加量为20 t·hm-2及以上时能显著增加重组有机碳(HFOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、有机质和全氮含量,对全磷、全钾含量无显著影响,而高添加量显著增加速效钾含量但降低速效磷含量,低添加量显著增加速效磷含量但降低速效钾含量;添加生物质炭20 t·hm-2及以上时土壤松结合态腐殖质(LCH)含量显著增加47.50%~65.83%;生物质炭添加量超过30 t·hm-2时,腐殖质组成成分富里酸(FA)的含量显著增加78.79%~133.33%;轻组有机碳、重组有机碳和松结合态腐殖质是促进土壤总有机碳(TOC)增加的直接作用因素,其中LFOC和HFOC对TOC的解释率分别为72.55%和89.74%。本研究为生物质炭在黄土高原旱作农业区土壤改良、肥力提升方面提供了理论参考。

关键词: 生物质炭, 黄土高原, 土壤养分, 有机碳组分, 腐殖质

Abstract:

Severe soil erosion in the Loess Plateau leads to a significant decrease in some soil nutrients and quality. Biochar can increase crop yield and soil biological activity, so it is widely used in soil improvement. However, it is not clear whether biomass charcoal can improve the physical and chemical properties of loessial soil by improving soil nutrient levels, and humus composition and content. This study investigates this question for a loessial soil on the Loess Plateau. The research was conducted at the Dry Farming Experiment Station of Gansu Agricultural University. A four-year field trial was set up with six biomass charcoal addition levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 t·ha-1) to determine the changes in soil nutrient levels, organic carbon components, combined humus composition and composition. It was found that addition of biochar at a rate of 20 t·ha-1 or above significantly increased the soil heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), organic matter and total nitrogen contents. Biochar addition had no significant effect on soil total phosphorus or potassium levels, but addition of biochar at 10 t·ha-1 significantly increased soil available phosphorus and decreased available potassium. This effect was progressively reversed as the rate of biochar increased and the addition of biochar at 60 t·ha-1 significantly increased the available potassium content but tended to reduce the available phosphorus content. When biochar was added at 20 t·ha-1 and above, the content of soil loose combined humus (LCH) was increased by 47.50%-65.83% (P<0.05); When biochar was added at rates in excess of 30 t·ha-1, the content of humus constituent fulvic acid (FA) was increased by 78.79%-133.33% (P<0.05). LFOC, HFOC and LCH were the components that contributed most to the increase of soil total organic carbon following biochar addition. Among these the interpretation rate of LFOC and HFOC to TOC were 72.55% and 89.74% respectively. This research provides increased understanding of the soil chemistry changes after addition of biomass charcoal in soil improvement and fertility improvement in dry farming areas of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: biochar, Loess Plateau, soil nutrient, organic carbon fractions, humic substance