Effects of controlled release nitrogen and urea ratio on nitrogen accumulation， transfer， and nitrogen-use efficiency of different summer maize varieties

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020067

Abstract

Abstract:

The overall aim of this research was to provide a theoretical foundation for matching nitrogen fertilizer types to maize varieties to improve the production of summer maize on the Huang Huai Hai Plain. Various combinations of nitrogen and controlled-release nitrogen （CRU） were applied to different varieties of summer maize， and the yield， nitrogen uptake pre-and post-silking， nitrogen-use efficiency， and economic benefits were determined. A 2-year field experiment with a split-spot randomized block design was conducted with nitrogen as the main plot and maize variety as the subplot. Nitrogen was applied at three levels： 0， 180，and 300 kg·ha^-1， and at two ratios of CRU-urea （1∶2 and 2∶1-N from CRU∶N from urea）， as well as a CRU-only treatment at the 180 kg·ha^-1 level and a urea-only treatment at the 300 kg·ha^-1 level. Thus， there were six treatments， as follows： N₀ （CK， no nitrogen fertilizer）， N₁₈₀U （urea only）， N₁₈₀C₁ （urea-N∶CRU-N=1∶2）， N₁₈₀C₂ （urea-N∶CRU-N=2∶1）， N₁₈₀C （CRU only）， and N₃₀₀U （urea only）. The two maize varieties were YH988 （low nitrogen-use efficiency） and ZD958 （high nitrogen-use efficiency）. The results indicated that the one-off application of a mixture of CRU and urea at 180 kg N·ha^-1 before sowing was able to satisfy the nitrogen demands of the summer maize system with the varieties YH988 and ZD958 on the Huang Huai Hai Plain. The highest yields of YH988 and ZD958 were in the N₁₈₀C₁ treatment and the N₁₈₀C₂ treatment， respectively （a one-off application of a mixture of CRU and urea at 1∶2 and 2∶1 at 180 kg·ha^-1， respectively）. The biomass increase and nitrogen uptake after the post-silking stage were higher in N₁₈₀C₁ （for YH988） and N₁₈₀C₂ （for ZD958） than in the other treatments. The cultivars YH988 and ZD958 showed the highest nitrogen partial productivity， nitrogen agronomic efficiency， nitrogen-use efficiency， and economic benefits in the N₁₈₀C₁and N₁₈₀C₂treatments， respectively. In summary， YH988 and ZD958 showed the highest yield， above-ground dry matter accumulation， and nitrogen accumulation after the post-silking stage in the N₁₈₀C₁ and N₁₈₀C₂ treatments. Therefore， the combination of nitrogen and CRU can improve the production of summer maize on the Huang Huai Hai Plain， and promote the synergistic improvement of yield and nitrogen-use efficiency.

Key words: summer maize, mixture of controlled release nitrogen and urea, nitrogen transfer, nitrogen use efficiency

Jia-meng GUO, Ling-zhi HE, Dong-liang YAN, Zhuo LI, Yong-chao WANG, Rui-xin SHAO, Qing-hua YANG. Effects of controlled release nitrogen and urea ratio on nitrogen accumulation， transfer， and nitrogen-use efficiency of different summer maize varieties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 81-95.

Figures/Tables 11

References 38

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Ear number (plant·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number	百粒重 Hundred grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2018	YH988	N₀	74074ab	481.79e	26.30d	6481.60e
		N₁₈₀U	79630a	538.94d	27.13cd	8873.42c
		N₁₈₀C	72222b	565.09abcd	29.41b	9450.72abc
		N₁₈₀C₁	76389ab	586.71a	31.05a	9853.15ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	72222b	567.30abc	30.80a	9285.72bc
		N₃₀₀U	76852ab	551.44cd	27.61c	7874.18d
	ZD958	N₀	65278c	492.40e	29.89ab	6700.54e
		N₁₈₀U	71296b	563.13abcd	30.02ab	9025.29c
		N₁₈₀C	72222b	557.22bcd	29.44b	8886.66c
		N₁₈₀C₁	75000ab	569.24abc	30.07ab	9454.43abc
		N₁₈₀C₂	73148b	584.25ab	30.59ab	10027.62a
		N₃₀₀U	65278c	538.48d	29.95d	9188.97c
2019	YH988	N₀	66667a	455.97c	26.53ab	7845.25e
		N₁₈₀U	65740a	566.27ab	28.24ab	10634.65ab
		N₁₈₀C	64814a	589.68a	27.38ab	9169.49c
		N₁₈₀C₁	69444a	576.64ab	28.29ab	11719.94a
		N₁₈₀C₂	65740a	583.23ab	28.01ab	9805.86bc
		N₃₀₀U	66667a	559.36ab	28.42ab	10749.58ab
	ZD958	N₀	65740a	509.68bc	26.54b	8435.69d
		N₁₈₀U	69444a	568.61ab	28.92ab	10390.63ab
		N₁₈₀C	71296a	519.73abc	27.50ab	10476.21ab
		N₁₈₀C₁	65740a	535.25ab	29.03ab	10235.82ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	65740a	573.95ab	29.31a	10772.16ab
		N₃₀₀U	66667a	580.11ab	29.39a	10308.70ab
品种 Variety (V)			ns	ns	***	ns
施氮处理Nitrogen application (N)			ns	***	***	***
年份Year (Y)			***	ns	***	***
品种×施氮处理V×N			ns	ns	ns	ns
品种×年份V×Y			*	ns	ns	ns
施氮处理×年份N×Y			ns	ns	*	ns
品种×施氮处理×年份V×N×Y			ns	ns	*	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Ear number (plant·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number	百粒重 Hundred grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2018	YH988	N₀	74074ab	481.79e	26.30d	6481.60e
		N₁₈₀U	79630a	538.94d	27.13cd	8873.42c
		N₁₈₀C	72222b	565.09abcd	29.41b	9450.72abc
		N₁₈₀C₁	76389ab	586.71a	31.05a	9853.15ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	72222b	567.30abc	30.80a	9285.72bc
		N₃₀₀U	76852ab	551.44cd	27.61c	7874.18d
	ZD958	N₀	65278c	492.40e	29.89ab	6700.54e
		N₁₈₀U	71296b	563.13abcd	30.02ab	9025.29c
		N₁₈₀C	72222b	557.22bcd	29.44b	8886.66c
		N₁₈₀C₁	75000ab	569.24abc	30.07ab	9454.43abc
		N₁₈₀C₂	73148b	584.25ab	30.59ab	10027.62a
		N₃₀₀U	65278c	538.48d	29.95d	9188.97c
2019	YH988	N₀	66667a	455.97c	26.53ab	7845.25e
		N₁₈₀U	65740a	566.27ab	28.24ab	10634.65ab
		N₁₈₀C	64814a	589.68a	27.38ab	9169.49c
		N₁₈₀C₁	69444a	576.64ab	28.29ab	11719.94a
		N₁₈₀C₂	65740a	583.23ab	28.01ab	9805.86bc
		N₃₀₀U	66667a	559.36ab	28.42ab	10749.58ab
	ZD958	N₀	65740a	509.68bc	26.54b	8435.69d
		N₁₈₀U	69444a	568.61ab	28.92ab	10390.63ab
		N₁₈₀C	71296a	519.73abc	27.50ab	10476.21ab
		N₁₈₀C₁	65740a	535.25ab	29.03ab	10235.82ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	65740a	573.95ab	29.31a	10772.16ab
		N₃₀₀U	66667a	580.11ab	29.39a	10308.70ab
品种 Variety (V)			ns	ns	***	ns
施氮处理Nitrogen application (N)			ns	***	***	***
年份Year (Y)			***	ns	***	***
品种×施氮处理V×N			ns	ns	ns	ns
品种×年份V×Y			*	ns	ns	ns
施氮处理×年份N×Y			ns	ns	*	ns
品种×施氮处理×年份V×N×Y			ns	ns	*	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	吐丝期秸秆氮含量Stover N content at R1 (kg·hm^-2)	收获期秸秆氮含量Stover N content at harvest (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素表观转移量 Apparent amount of N remobilization （kg·hm^-2）	收获期籽粒氮含量Grain N content (kg·hm^-2)	花后根系氮吸收及转移量Nitrogen from root absorption and transfer after flowering (kg·hm^-2)	氮收获指数N harvest index (%)
2018	YH988	N₀	103.49d	59.31abc	44.18e	83.49c	38.39cde	58.73e
		N₁₈₀U	137.09ab	49.16c	86.74a	111.54ab	24.80e	69.47ab
		N₁₈₀C	132.50ab	67.39ab	65.11bc	123.47a	46.89bcd	64.82bcde
		N₁₈₀C₁	138.96a	75.77a	63.19bcd	128.77a	65.58ab	62.92bcde
		N₁₈₀C₂	136.22ab	48.68bc	87.55a	126.31ab	38.76cde	72.11a
		N₃₀₀U	141.22a	65.86abc	75.35abc	103.37b	29.59de	61.73cde
	ZD958	N₀	115.80bc	60.10abc	55.70cd	87.56d	35.67de	59.73de
		N₁₈₀U	128.61ab	57.97abc	70.65abc	115.63c	44.99cde	66.54abcd
		N₁₈₀C	141.88a	58.88abc	83.00ab	123.16bc	48.05abcd	67.84abc
		N₁₈₀C₁	141.83a	60.00abc	81.83ab	129.93ab	48.10abcd	68.52abc
		N₁₈₀C₂	143.33a	72.38a	70.96abc	138.40a	67.45a	65.90abcd
		N₃₀₀U	135.66ab	60.67abc	74.99abc	133.04ab	58.05abc	68.67abc
2019	YH988	N₀	49.75d	17.95d	31.80c	65.97d	27.70abc	78.54abc
		N₁₈₀U	73.54c	24.15c	49.39abc	81.94bcd	32.54abc	77.20bcd
		N₁₈₀C	83.17abc	24.41c	58.77ab	85.08bcd	32.43abc	77.47bc
		N₁₈₀C₁	79.02abc	32.96ab	46.06bc	94.84abc	41.44ab	74.15cd
		N₁₈₀C₂	85.01abc	33.75ab	51.27ab	87.83bcd	36.57abc	72.32d
		N₃₀₀U	94.04ab	29.01bc	65.03ab	90.65bcd	25.62 bc	75.46bcd
	ZD958	N₀	77.05bc	14.84d	62.22ab	74.06cd	15.12c	83.19a
		N₁₈₀U	95.44ab	26.64c	68.80a	105.03ab	36.23abc	79.60ab
		N₁₈₀C	89.27 abc	26.66c	62.61ab	98.30abc	35.69abc	78.32bc
		N₁₈₀C₁	86.98abc	25.36c	61.62ab	102.25ab	47.50ab	80.06ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	99.19a	34.92a	64.28ab	115.81a	51.54a	76.76bcd
		N₃₀₀U	98.13a	34.81ab	63.32ab	106.47ab	43.16ab	74.31cd
品种Variety (V)			**	ns	**	***	*	**
施氮处理Nitrogen application (N)			***	**	***	***	**	ns
年份Year (Y)			***	***	***	***	**	***
品种×施氮处理V×N			ns	**	ns	ns	**	ns
品种×年份V×Y			*	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
施氮处理×年份N×Y			ns	*	ns	ns	ns	***
品种×施氮处理×年份V×N×Y			ns	ns	*	ns	ns	*

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	吐丝期秸秆氮含量Stover N content at R1 (kg·hm^-2)	收获期秸秆氮含量Stover N content at harvest (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆氮素表观转移量 Apparent amount of N remobilization （kg·hm^-2）	收获期籽粒氮含量Grain N content (kg·hm^-2)	花后根系氮吸收及转移量Nitrogen from root absorption and transfer after flowering (kg·hm^-2)	氮收获指数N harvest index (%)
2018	YH988	N₀	103.49d	59.31abc	44.18e	83.49c	38.39cde	58.73e
		N₁₈₀U	137.09ab	49.16c	86.74a	111.54ab	24.80e	69.47ab
		N₁₈₀C	132.50ab	67.39ab	65.11bc	123.47a	46.89bcd	64.82bcde
		N₁₈₀C₁	138.96a	75.77a	63.19bcd	128.77a	65.58ab	62.92bcde
		N₁₈₀C₂	136.22ab	48.68bc	87.55a	126.31ab	38.76cde	72.11a
		N₃₀₀U	141.22a	65.86abc	75.35abc	103.37b	29.59de	61.73cde
	ZD958	N₀	115.80bc	60.10abc	55.70cd	87.56d	35.67de	59.73de
		N₁₈₀U	128.61ab	57.97abc	70.65abc	115.63c	44.99cde	66.54abcd
		N₁₈₀C	141.88a	58.88abc	83.00ab	123.16bc	48.05abcd	67.84abc
		N₁₈₀C₁	141.83a	60.00abc	81.83ab	129.93ab	48.10abcd	68.52abc
		N₁₈₀C₂	143.33a	72.38a	70.96abc	138.40a	67.45a	65.90abcd
		N₃₀₀U	135.66ab	60.67abc	74.99abc	133.04ab	58.05abc	68.67abc
2019	YH988	N₀	49.75d	17.95d	31.80c	65.97d	27.70abc	78.54abc
		N₁₈₀U	73.54c	24.15c	49.39abc	81.94bcd	32.54abc	77.20bcd
		N₁₈₀C	83.17abc	24.41c	58.77ab	85.08bcd	32.43abc	77.47bc
		N₁₈₀C₁	79.02abc	32.96ab	46.06bc	94.84abc	41.44ab	74.15cd
		N₁₈₀C₂	85.01abc	33.75ab	51.27ab	87.83bcd	36.57abc	72.32d
		N₃₀₀U	94.04ab	29.01bc	65.03ab	90.65bcd	25.62 bc	75.46bcd
	ZD958	N₀	77.05bc	14.84d	62.22ab	74.06cd	15.12c	83.19a
		N₁₈₀U	95.44ab	26.64c	68.80a	105.03ab	36.23abc	79.60ab
		N₁₈₀C	89.27 abc	26.66c	62.61ab	98.30abc	35.69abc	78.32bc
		N₁₈₀C₁	86.98abc	25.36c	61.62ab	102.25ab	47.50ab	80.06ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	99.19a	34.92a	64.28ab	115.81a	51.54a	76.76bcd
		N₃₀₀U	98.13a	34.81ab	63.32ab	106.47ab	43.16ab	74.31cd
品种Variety (V)			**	ns	**	***	*	**
施氮处理Nitrogen application (N)			***	**	***	***	**	ns
年份Year (Y)			***	***	***	***	**	***
品种×施氮处理V×N			ns	**	ns	ns	**	ns
品种×年份V×Y			*	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
施氮处理×年份N×Y			ns	*	ns	ns	ns	***
品种×施氮处理×年份V×N×Y			ns	ns	*	ns	ns	*

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥农学效率 ANUE (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥回收效率 NRE (%)
2018	YH988	N₀
		N₁₈₀U	48.14c	13.29cde	11.91e
		N₁₈₀C	52.55abc	16.50abc	28.68abc
		N₁₈₀C₁	54.74ab	18.73a	30.63ab
		N₁₈₀C₂	49.85bc	15.58abcd	23.50cde
		N₃₀₀U	25.36e	4.64g	10.52e
	ZD958	N₀
		N₁₈₀U	50.14c	12.92de	14.41de
		N₁₈₀C	49.37c	12.15e	19.10cde
		N₁₈₀C₁	52.52abc	15.30bcde	23.48bcd
		N₁₈₀C₂	55.71a	18.48ab	35.07a
		N₃₀₀U	30.63d	8.29f	25.58abc
2019	YH988	N₀
		N₁₈₀U	59.08ab	9.58c	12.31c
		N₁₈₀C	50.94b	19.65b	14.20bc
		N₁₈₀C₁	65.11a	28.23a	24.37abc
		N₁₈₀C₂	54.48b	27.05a	19.32abc
		N₃₀₀U	35.83d	14.11bc	19.85abc
	ZD958	N₀
		N₁₈₀U	57.73ab	13.14bc	23.77abc
		N₁₈₀C	58.20ab	13.03bc	20.04abc
		N₁₈₀C₁	56.87ab	13.20bc	21.51abc
		N₁₈₀C₂	59.85ab	18.77b	34.35a
		N₃₀₀U	34.36d	8.65c	30.23ab
品种 Variety (V)			ns	ns	**
施氮处理Nitrogen application (N)			***	***	**
年份Year (Y)			***	ns	ns
品种×施氮处理V×N			ns	ns	**
品种×年份V×Y			ns	ns	ns
施氮处理×年份N×Y			ns	ns	ns
品种×施氮处理×年份V×N×Y			ns	ns	ns