Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 106-120.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020244
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Xiu-mei NIE1(), Ping MU2(), Gui-qin ZHAO1, Hai-peng HE1, Wen-bin WU1, Dou-dou LIN1, Wei-juan SU1, Li-rui ZHANG1
Received:
2020-05-26
Revised:
2020-08-19
Online:
2021-05-21
Published:
2021-05-21
Contact:
Ping MU
Xiu-mei NIE, Ping MU, Gui-qin ZHAO, Hai-peng HE, Wen-bin WU, Dou-dou LIN, Wei-juan SU, Li-rui ZHANG. Effects of storage time on fungal and mycotoxin contamination of naked oat seeds[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 106-120.
品种 Varieties | 贮藏年限 Storage years | 孢子负荷量 Amount of spores (cfu) | 带菌率 Infection rates (%) |
---|---|---|---|
白燕2号 Baiyan No.2 | 1 | 1.13±0.09b | 6.00±0.91a |
2 | 1.43±0.12a | 3.75±0.25bc | |
3 | 0.60±0.06c | 4.00±0.57b | |
5 | 1.57±0.09a | 3.50±0.29c | |
坝莜9号 Bayou No.9 | 1 | 2.23±0.09c | 16.50±0.65b |
2 | 1.73±0.03d | 28.50±0.65a | |
3 | 4.17±0.17a | 8.50±0.50c | |
5 | 2.73±0.13b | 4.50±0.65d | |
坝莜14号 Bayou No.14 | 1 | 8.40±0.12a | 20.25±0.85a |
2 | 1.33±0.12c | 10.75±0.48b | |
3 | 0.93±0.09d | 7.00±0.41c | |
5 | 6.00±0.12b | 2.75±0.25d |
Table 1 The amount of fungi in naked oat seeds with different storage years
品种 Varieties | 贮藏年限 Storage years | 孢子负荷量 Amount of spores (cfu) | 带菌率 Infection rates (%) |
---|---|---|---|
白燕2号 Baiyan No.2 | 1 | 1.13±0.09b | 6.00±0.91a |
2 | 1.43±0.12a | 3.75±0.25bc | |
3 | 0.60±0.06c | 4.00±0.57b | |
5 | 1.57±0.09a | 3.50±0.29c | |
坝莜9号 Bayou No.9 | 1 | 2.23±0.09c | 16.50±0.65b |
2 | 1.73±0.03d | 28.50±0.65a | |
3 | 4.17±0.17a | 8.50±0.50c | |
5 | 2.73±0.13b | 4.50±0.65d | |
坝莜14号 Bayou No.14 | 1 | 8.40±0.12a | 20.25±0.85a |
2 | 1.33±0.12c | 10.75±0.48b | |
3 | 0.93±0.09d | 7.00±0.41c | |
5 | 6.00±0.12b | 2.75±0.25d |
带菌种类 Fungal species | 分离率Isolation rates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B2-1 | B2-2 | B2-3 | B2-5 | B9-1 | B9-2 | B9-3 | B9-5 | B14-1 | B14-2 | B14-3 | B14-5 | |
雅致放射毛霉A. elegans | 19.92 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
细交链孢A. alternata | - | 26.11 | 15.74 | 64.51 | 52.58 | 3.70 | 93.89 | 36.57 | 22.66 | 14.46 | 35.06 | 4.29 |
芸薹链格孢A. brassicae | - | - | 13.33 | - | 2.98 | - | - | - | 13.84 | 13.04 | 3.70 | - |
藜生链格孢A. chenopodiicola | - | - | - | - | 19.16 | - | - | - | - | 4.60 | 4.17 | - |
葱链格孢A. porri | - | 6.94 | 3.70 | - | 12.01 | - | - | - | 15.83 | 4.60 | - | - |
节菱孢属菌A. rasikravindrae | - | - | - | 1.85 | - | - | - | - | 1.63 | - | 6.06 | 1.03 |
阿姆斯特丹曲霉A. amstelodami | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.90 | - | 1.62 | - | - | 3.33 |
谢瓦氏曲霉A. chevalieri | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.69 | 0.93 | - | - | 26.64 | 32.98 |
黄曲霉A. flavus | - | 4.17 | 6.67 | - | 10.30 | 21.18 | - | 4.76 | 5.52 | - | 3.03 | 6.09 |
烟曲霉A. fumigatu | - | 4.86 | - | - | - | - | 4.51 | - | 1.18 | - | 6.06 | 21.11 |
黑曲霉A. niger | - | - | 12.04 | - | - | - | - | 2.08 | - | - | 7.41 | - |
寄生曲霉A. parasiticus | - | - | - | - | - | 3.44 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
红曲霉A. ruber | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.32 |
塔宾曲霉A. tubingensis | - | 7.22 | 15.74 | 12.14 | 1.59 | 35.04 | - | - | - | 5.25 | - | - |
枝状枝孢菌C. cladosporioides | 57.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
枝细枝孢C. ramotenellum | - | - | - | - | - | 3.70 | - | - | 14.32 | - | - | 1.05 |
楸子茎点霉D. pomorum | - | - | - | - | 1.39 | - | - | - | - | 5.25 | - | 21.90 |
黑附球菌E. nigrum | - | 4.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.22 | - | - |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.62 | 15.43 | - | - |
拟孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides | - | 30.00 | 3.70 | - | - | - | - | 6.61 | 1.20 | - | - | - |
疣孢漆斑菌M. verrucaria | 11.64 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
产黄青霉P. chrysogenum | - | - | 7.41 | 1.85 | - | 21.18 | - | - | - | 2.38 | 4.17 | - |
肉桂紫青霉P. cinnamopurpureum | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.08 | |
波兰青霉Penicillium polonicum | - | - | - | - | - | 11.74 | - | 48.00 | - | - | - | - |
鲜绿青霉P. verrucosum | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.58 | - | - | - |
苜蓿茎点霉Phoma medicaginis | 10.51 | - | 6.67 | 3.85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
德氏霉菌P. chaetomioides | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 32.76 | - | - |
米根霉R. oryzae | - | 16.39 | 15.00 | 16.27 | - | - | - | 1.04 | - | - | - | 2.82 |
裂褶菌S. commune | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.70 | - |
样品带菌种类数Number of species | 4 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 |
Table 2 Fungal species and isolation rates of naked oat seeds surface (%)
带菌种类 Fungal species | 分离率Isolation rates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B2-1 | B2-2 | B2-3 | B2-5 | B9-1 | B9-2 | B9-3 | B9-5 | B14-1 | B14-2 | B14-3 | B14-5 | |
雅致放射毛霉A. elegans | 19.92 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
细交链孢A. alternata | - | 26.11 | 15.74 | 64.51 | 52.58 | 3.70 | 93.89 | 36.57 | 22.66 | 14.46 | 35.06 | 4.29 |
芸薹链格孢A. brassicae | - | - | 13.33 | - | 2.98 | - | - | - | 13.84 | 13.04 | 3.70 | - |
藜生链格孢A. chenopodiicola | - | - | - | - | 19.16 | - | - | - | - | 4.60 | 4.17 | - |
葱链格孢A. porri | - | 6.94 | 3.70 | - | 12.01 | - | - | - | 15.83 | 4.60 | - | - |
节菱孢属菌A. rasikravindrae | - | - | - | 1.85 | - | - | - | - | 1.63 | - | 6.06 | 1.03 |
阿姆斯特丹曲霉A. amstelodami | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.90 | - | 1.62 | - | - | 3.33 |
谢瓦氏曲霉A. chevalieri | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.69 | 0.93 | - | - | 26.64 | 32.98 |
黄曲霉A. flavus | - | 4.17 | 6.67 | - | 10.30 | 21.18 | - | 4.76 | 5.52 | - | 3.03 | 6.09 |
烟曲霉A. fumigatu | - | 4.86 | - | - | - | - | 4.51 | - | 1.18 | - | 6.06 | 21.11 |
黑曲霉A. niger | - | - | 12.04 | - | - | - | - | 2.08 | - | - | 7.41 | - |
寄生曲霉A. parasiticus | - | - | - | - | - | 3.44 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
红曲霉A. ruber | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.32 |
塔宾曲霉A. tubingensis | - | 7.22 | 15.74 | 12.14 | 1.59 | 35.04 | - | - | - | 5.25 | - | - |
枝状枝孢菌C. cladosporioides | 57.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
枝细枝孢C. ramotenellum | - | - | - | - | - | 3.70 | - | - | 14.32 | - | - | 1.05 |
楸子茎点霉D. pomorum | - | - | - | - | 1.39 | - | - | - | - | 5.25 | - | 21.90 |
黑附球菌E. nigrum | - | 4.31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.22 | - | - |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.62 | 15.43 | - | - |
拟孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides | - | 30.00 | 3.70 | - | - | - | - | 6.61 | 1.20 | - | - | - |
疣孢漆斑菌M. verrucaria | 11.64 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
产黄青霉P. chrysogenum | - | - | 7.41 | 1.85 | - | 21.18 | - | - | - | 2.38 | 4.17 | - |
肉桂紫青霉P. cinnamopurpureum | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.08 | |
波兰青霉Penicillium polonicum | - | - | - | - | - | 11.74 | - | 48.00 | - | - | - | - |
鲜绿青霉P. verrucosum | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.58 | - | - | - |
苜蓿茎点霉Phoma medicaginis | 10.51 | - | 6.67 | 3.85 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
德氏霉菌P. chaetomioides | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 32.76 | - | - |
米根霉R. oryzae | - | 16.39 | 15.00 | 16.27 | - | - | - | 1.04 | - | - | - | 2.82 |
裂褶菌S. commune | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.70 | - |
样品带菌种类数Number of species | 4 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 |
带菌种类 Fungal species | 分离率Isolation rates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B2-1 | B2-2 | B2-3 | B2-5 | B9-1 | B9-2 | B9-3 | B9-5 | B14-1 | B14-2 | B14-3 | B14-5 | |
细交链孢A. alternate | 39.02 | 39.58 | 31.67 | 35.42 | 18.59 | 57.14 | 27.84 | 28.75 | 34.50 | 37.39 | 39.73 | 27.08 |
芸薹链格孢A. brassicae | - | - | 5.00 | - | - | 12.45 | 6.25 | 13.33 | 2.33 | 4.17 | 9.82 | 6.25 |
藜生链格孢A. chenopodiicola | 11.70 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.13 | 10.42 | - | 4.77 | 7.14 | - |
葱链格孢A. porri | 6.70 | - | - | - | - | - | 7.67 | - | - | 21.67 | - | - |
阿姆斯特丹曲霉A. amstelodami | - | - | - | - | 37.66 | - | - | 6.25 | - | - | 9.82 | - |
谢瓦氏曲霉A. chevalieri | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.58 |
黄曲霉A. flavus | 12.95 | 8.33 | 16.67 | 12.50 | 3.13 | 0.74 | - | 10.42 | - | - | 3.13 | - |
烟曲霉A. fumigatu | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.77 | - | - | - | - | - |
黑曲霉A. niger | - | 6.25 | 18.33 | 16.67 | - | - | - | 5.00 | - | - | - | - |
塔宾曲霉A. tubingensis | - | 12.50 | 23.33 | 20.83 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
玉米平脐蠕孢B. zeae | - | - | - | 8.33 | - | 20.77 | - | - | 14.76 | - | 3.57 | - |
枝状枝孢菌C. cladosporioides | 21.07 | 27.08 | - | - | - | - | - | 8.33 | - | - | - | - |
枝细枝孢C. ramotenellum | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.92 | - | 8.23 | 9.55 | - | - |
楸子茎点霉D. pomorum | - | - | - | - | 11.27 | - | - | - | 5.64 | 6.44 | 6.25 | 52.08 |
黑附球菌E. nigrum | - | - | - | 6.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | - | - | - | - | 5.51 | 6.59 | - | - | 4.71 | 6.86 | 6.70 | - |
拟枝孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides | 8.57 | - | - | - | 13.90 | - | - | - | 1.19 | - | - | - |
丝枝蜡蚧菌L. aphanocladii | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.41 | - | - | - |
稻黑孢菌N. oryzae | - | - | - | - | 1.56 | - | - | - | 3.57 | - | - | - |
短密青霉P. brevicompactum | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.27 | - | - | - | - | - |
产黄青霉P. chrysogenum | - | 6.25 | 5.00 | - | - | - | 11.65 | 5.00 | - | - | - | - |
德氏霉菌P. chaetomioides | - | - | - | - | 7.07 | 2.33 | 12.50 | 12.50 | 21.67 | 9.17 | 13.84 | - |
裂褶菌S. commune | - | - | - | - | 1.32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
样品带菌种类数Number of species | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 4 |
Table 3 Internal fungal species and isolation rates of naked oat seeds (%)
带菌种类 Fungal species | 分离率Isolation rates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B2-1 | B2-2 | B2-3 | B2-5 | B9-1 | B9-2 | B9-3 | B9-5 | B14-1 | B14-2 | B14-3 | B14-5 | |
细交链孢A. alternate | 39.02 | 39.58 | 31.67 | 35.42 | 18.59 | 57.14 | 27.84 | 28.75 | 34.50 | 37.39 | 39.73 | 27.08 |
芸薹链格孢A. brassicae | - | - | 5.00 | - | - | 12.45 | 6.25 | 13.33 | 2.33 | 4.17 | 9.82 | 6.25 |
藜生链格孢A. chenopodiicola | 11.70 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.13 | 10.42 | - | 4.77 | 7.14 | - |
葱链格孢A. porri | 6.70 | - | - | - | - | - | 7.67 | - | - | 21.67 | - | - |
阿姆斯特丹曲霉A. amstelodami | - | - | - | - | 37.66 | - | - | 6.25 | - | - | 9.82 | - |
谢瓦氏曲霉A. chevalieri | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.58 |
黄曲霉A. flavus | 12.95 | 8.33 | 16.67 | 12.50 | 3.13 | 0.74 | - | 10.42 | - | - | 3.13 | - |
烟曲霉A. fumigatu | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.77 | - | - | - | - | - |
黑曲霉A. niger | - | 6.25 | 18.33 | 16.67 | - | - | - | 5.00 | - | - | - | - |
塔宾曲霉A. tubingensis | - | 12.50 | 23.33 | 20.83 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
玉米平脐蠕孢B. zeae | - | - | - | 8.33 | - | 20.77 | - | - | 14.76 | - | 3.57 | - |
枝状枝孢菌C. cladosporioides | 21.07 | 27.08 | - | - | - | - | - | 8.33 | - | - | - | - |
枝细枝孢C. ramotenellum | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.92 | - | 8.23 | 9.55 | - | - |
楸子茎点霉D. pomorum | - | - | - | - | 11.27 | - | - | - | 5.64 | 6.44 | 6.25 | 52.08 |
黑附球菌E. nigrum | - | - | - | 6.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | - | - | - | - | 5.51 | 6.59 | - | - | 4.71 | 6.86 | 6.70 | - |
拟枝孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides | 8.57 | - | - | - | 13.90 | - | - | - | 1.19 | - | - | - |
丝枝蜡蚧菌L. aphanocladii | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.41 | - | - | - |
稻黑孢菌N. oryzae | - | - | - | - | 1.56 | - | - | - | 3.57 | - | - | - |
短密青霉P. brevicompactum | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.27 | - | - | - | - | - |
产黄青霉P. chrysogenum | - | 6.25 | 5.00 | - | - | - | 11.65 | 5.00 | - | - | - | - |
德氏霉菌P. chaetomioides | - | - | - | - | 7.07 | 2.33 | 12.50 | 12.50 | 21.67 | 9.17 | 13.84 | - |
裂褶菌S. commune | - | - | - | - | 1.32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
样品带菌种类数Number of species | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 4 |
化合物 Compound | 分子式 Formula | 线性方程 Linear equations | 线性范围 Linear range (ng·mL-1) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
TeA | C10H15NO3 | y=6.68x+60.32 | 0.4~500 | R2=0.9999 |
AFB1 | C17H12O6 | y=45.71x+108.69 | 0.4~500 | R2=0.9998 |
CIT | C13H14O5 | y=78.40x+374.72 | 0.4~500 | R2=0.9995 |
Table 4 Linear equations, linear range and correlation coefficient of mycotoxin
化合物 Compound | 分子式 Formula | 线性方程 Linear equations | 线性范围 Linear range (ng·mL-1) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
TeA | C10H15NO3 | y=6.68x+60.32 | 0.4~500 | R2=0.9999 |
AFB1 | C17H12O6 | y=45.71x+108.69 | 0.4~500 | R2=0.9998 |
CIT | C13H14O5 | y=78.40x+374.72 | 0.4~500 | R2=0.9995 |
品种Varieties | 贮藏年限Storage years | TeA | AFB1 | CIT |
---|---|---|---|---|
白燕2号 Baiyan No.2 | 1 | 16.88±0.07d | 1.04±0.05a | 2.06±0.13b |
2 | 116.06±4.36a | 0.08±0.01c | 3.34±0.11a | |
3 | 56.34±2.48b | 0.26±0.04b | 0.56±0.12c | |
5 | 44.10±0.10c | 0.02±0.01d | 0.08±0.04d | |
坝莜9号 Bayou No.9 | 1 | 64.64±2.50d | 0.04±0.01b | 0.37±0.07b |
2 | 174.81±0.51c | 0.68±0.02a | 1.36±0.09a | |
3 | 348.67±2.18a | 0.01±0.00c | 0.11±0.02d | |
5 | 278.71±4.15b | 0.01±0.00c | 0.15±0.05c | |
坝莜14号 Bayou No.14 | 1 | 109.26±2.22b | 0.62±0.05a | 0.48±0.02b |
2 | 123.52±1.41a | 0.01±0.00b | 1.25±0.10a | |
3 | 95.94±0.00c | 0.01±0.00b | 0.15±0.08c | |
5 | 57.26±0.80d | 0.01±0.00b | 0.16±0.02c |
Table 5 Effect of storage years on mycotoxin content of naked oat seeds (μg·kg-1)
品种Varieties | 贮藏年限Storage years | TeA | AFB1 | CIT |
---|---|---|---|---|
白燕2号 Baiyan No.2 | 1 | 16.88±0.07d | 1.04±0.05a | 2.06±0.13b |
2 | 116.06±4.36a | 0.08±0.01c | 3.34±0.11a | |
3 | 56.34±2.48b | 0.26±0.04b | 0.56±0.12c | |
5 | 44.10±0.10c | 0.02±0.01d | 0.08±0.04d | |
坝莜9号 Bayou No.9 | 1 | 64.64±2.50d | 0.04±0.01b | 0.37±0.07b |
2 | 174.81±0.51c | 0.68±0.02a | 1.36±0.09a | |
3 | 348.67±2.18a | 0.01±0.00c | 0.11±0.02d | |
5 | 278.71±4.15b | 0.01±0.00c | 0.15±0.05c | |
坝莜14号 Bayou No.14 | 1 | 109.26±2.22b | 0.62±0.05a | 0.48±0.02b |
2 | 123.52±1.41a | 0.01±0.00b | 1.25±0.10a | |
3 | 95.94±0.00c | 0.01±0.00b | 0.15±0.08c | |
5 | 57.26±0.80d | 0.01±0.00b | 0.16±0.02c |
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