Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 154-163.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020313
Yuan-yuan WEN1(), Mei-qi ZHANG1, Tao-tao LIU1, Yi-zhao SHEN1, Yan-xia GAO1,2, Qiu-feng LI1,2(), Yu-feng CAO1,2(), Jian-guo LI1,2()
Received:
2020-07-06
Revised:
2020-08-10
Online:
2021-07-09
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Qiu-feng LI,Yu-feng CAO,Jian-guo LI
Yuan-yuan WEN, Mei-qi ZHANG, Tao-tao LIU, Yi-zhao SHEN, Yan-xia GAO, Qiu-feng LI, Yu-feng CAO, Jian-guo LI. Associative effects between whole crop maize silage and mixed silage made from raw potato crisp processing by-product and rice straw as determined using an in vitro gas production technique[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 154-163.
项目 Items | 薯稻混贮 Mixed silage | 全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage |
---|---|---|
粗蛋白CP | 8.90 | 7.00 |
粗脂肪EE | 1.69 | 3.02 |
淀粉Starch | 13.24 | 31.65 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF | 57.12 | 48.61 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 35.53 | 26.31 |
Ca | 0.42 | 0.28 |
P | 0.21 | 0.19 |
Table 1 Nutritional components of the mixed silage of raw potato crisp processing by-product with rice straw and whole corn silage (dry matter basis, %)
项目 Items | 薯稻混贮 Mixed silage | 全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage |
---|---|---|
粗蛋白CP | 8.90 | 7.00 |
粗脂肪EE | 1.69 | 3.02 |
淀粉Starch | 13.24 | 31.65 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF | 57.12 | 48.61 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 35.53 | 26.31 |
Ca | 0.42 | 0.28 |
P | 0.21 | 0.19 |
原料Ingredient | 含量Content (%) | 2)营养水平Nutrient levels | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 20.50 | 综合净能NEmf (MJ·kg-1) | 6.50 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 4.36 | 粗蛋白CP (%) | 13.93 |
棉粕Cottonseed meal | 9.36 | 中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 36.80 |
干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 3.69 | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 17.10 |
石粉Limestone | 0.49 | Ca (%) | 0.65 |
1)预混料Premix | 0.50 | P (%) | 0.40 |
小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.70 | ||
食盐NaCl | 0.40 | ||
全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 40.00 | ||
羊草L. chinensis | 20.00 | ||
合计Total | 100.00 |
Table 2 Diet composition and nutritional levels of cattle with permanent rumen fistula(dry matter basis)
原料Ingredient | 含量Content (%) | 2)营养水平Nutrient levels | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 20.50 | 综合净能NEmf (MJ·kg-1) | 6.50 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 4.36 | 粗蛋白CP (%) | 13.93 |
棉粕Cottonseed meal | 9.36 | 中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 36.80 |
干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 3.69 | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 17.10 |
石粉Limestone | 0.49 | Ca (%) | 0.65 |
1)预混料Premix | 0.50 | P (%) | 0.40 |
小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.70 | ||
食盐NaCl | 0.40 | ||
全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 40.00 | ||
羊草L. chinensis | 20.00 | ||
合计Total | 100.00 |
组别 Groups | 发酵时间Fermentation time | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | 10 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | |
T0 | 11.59±0.24Aa | 20.78±0.13Aa | 32.10±0.23Aa | 47.30±0.49Aa | 60.09±0.74Aa | 71.40±1.00Aa | 106.35±1.41Aa | 129.59±1.80Aa | 146.46±2.33Aa |
T20 | 11.32±0.14ABa | 19.69±0.23Bb | 30.32±0.36Bb | 44.38±0.48Bb | 56.04±0.50Bb | 66.80±0.70Bb | 100.25±0.75Bb | 123.64±1.04Bb | 140.51±1.27Bb |
T40 | 10.90±0.14BCb | 19.55±0.27BCbc | 28.53±0.36Cc | 43.89±0.50Cc | 50.90±0.77Cc | 60.56±1.12Cc | 93.02±1.26Cc | 114.89±1.49Cc | 130.31±2.15Cc |
T50 | 10.49±0.14CDbc | 18.73±0.49CDcd | 27.17±0.41Dd | 38.55±0.47Dd | 47.74±0.83Dd | 56.73±1.19Dd | 87.88±1.26Dd | 109.59±0.95Dd | 123.86±0.88Dd |
T60 | 10.35±0.01DEc | 18.45±0.23Dd | 25.96±0.46Ee | 36.10±0.62Ee | 44.78±1.06Ee | 52.92±1.54Ee | 81.98±2.53Ee | 102.33±2.48Ee | 116.04±2.79Ee |
T80 | 10.07±0.14DEce | 18.58±0.14Dd | 25.69±0.14Ee | 35.01±0.36Ee | 42.98±0.24Ee | 50.75±1.39Ee | 79.32±0.73Ee | 98.63±0.59Ee | 112.04±0.46Ee |
T100 | 9.66±0.14Ee | 17.37±0.35Ee | 23.54±0.61Ff | 31.52±0.74Ff | 38.15±1.05Ff | 45.39±1.56Ff | 74.44±1.44Ff | 92.85±1.27Ff | 105.71±1.05Ff |
SEM | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 1.12 | 1.50 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 2.48 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Table 3 Effects of different proportions of the mixed silage of raw potato chips processing by-product with rice straw and whole corn silage on gas production in vitro fermentation(mL·g-1)
组别 Groups | 发酵时间Fermentation time | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | 10 h | 12 h | 24 h | 36 h | 48 h | |
T0 | 11.59±0.24Aa | 20.78±0.13Aa | 32.10±0.23Aa | 47.30±0.49Aa | 60.09±0.74Aa | 71.40±1.00Aa | 106.35±1.41Aa | 129.59±1.80Aa | 146.46±2.33Aa |
T20 | 11.32±0.14ABa | 19.69±0.23Bb | 30.32±0.36Bb | 44.38±0.48Bb | 56.04±0.50Bb | 66.80±0.70Bb | 100.25±0.75Bb | 123.64±1.04Bb | 140.51±1.27Bb |
T40 | 10.90±0.14BCb | 19.55±0.27BCbc | 28.53±0.36Cc | 43.89±0.50Cc | 50.90±0.77Cc | 60.56±1.12Cc | 93.02±1.26Cc | 114.89±1.49Cc | 130.31±2.15Cc |
T50 | 10.49±0.14CDbc | 18.73±0.49CDcd | 27.17±0.41Dd | 38.55±0.47Dd | 47.74±0.83Dd | 56.73±1.19Dd | 87.88±1.26Dd | 109.59±0.95Dd | 123.86±0.88Dd |
T60 | 10.35±0.01DEc | 18.45±0.23Dd | 25.96±0.46Ee | 36.10±0.62Ee | 44.78±1.06Ee | 52.92±1.54Ee | 81.98±2.53Ee | 102.33±2.48Ee | 116.04±2.79Ee |
T80 | 10.07±0.14DEce | 18.58±0.14Dd | 25.69±0.14Ee | 35.01±0.36Ee | 42.98±0.24Ee | 50.75±1.39Ee | 79.32±0.73Ee | 98.63±0.59Ee | 112.04±0.46Ee |
T100 | 9.66±0.14Ee | 17.37±0.35Ee | 23.54±0.61Ff | 31.52±0.74Ff | 38.15±1.05Ff | 45.39±1.56Ff | 74.44±1.44Ff | 92.85±1.27Ff | 105.71±1.05Ff |
SEM | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 1.12 | 1.50 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 2.48 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
组合 Groups | 干物质降解率 Dry matter degradation (DMD, %) | pH | 氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N, mg·dL-1) | 微生物蛋白Microbial protein (MCP, mg·mL-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 71.10±1.48Aa | 6.46±0.02Bd | 8.60±0.43Aa | 2.77±0.05Aa |
T20 | 70.70±1.10Aa | 6.47±0.01Bd | 8.50±0.65Aa | 2.71±0.71Aa |
T40 | 68.00±0.32ABab | 6.52±0.01ABcd | 8.69±0.07Aa | 2.93±0.11Aa |
T50 | 66.65±0.79ABCabc | 6.51±0.01ABcd | 8.60±0.09Aa | 2.88±0.07Aa |
T60 | 65.58±2.33ABCbc | 6.53±0.02ABbc | 8.59±0.09Aa | 2.84±0.08Aa |
T80 | 63.05±1.93BCcd | 6.59±0.03Aa | 8.47±0.31Aa | 2.72±0.02Aa |
T100 | 60.54±1.66Cd | 6.58±0.01Aab | 7.96±0.27Aa | 2.71±0.32Aa |
SEM | 2.20 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.23 |
P值P-value | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.910 | 0.200 |
Table 4 Effects of different proportions of the mixed silage of raw potato chips processing by-product with rice straw and whole corn silage on fermentation parameters in vitro
组合 Groups | 干物质降解率 Dry matter degradation (DMD, %) | pH | 氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N, mg·dL-1) | 微生物蛋白Microbial protein (MCP, mg·mL-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 71.10±1.48Aa | 6.46±0.02Bd | 8.60±0.43Aa | 2.77±0.05Aa |
T20 | 70.70±1.10Aa | 6.47±0.01Bd | 8.50±0.65Aa | 2.71±0.71Aa |
T40 | 68.00±0.32ABab | 6.52±0.01ABcd | 8.69±0.07Aa | 2.93±0.11Aa |
T50 | 66.65±0.79ABCabc | 6.51±0.01ABcd | 8.60±0.09Aa | 2.88±0.07Aa |
T60 | 65.58±2.33ABCbc | 6.53±0.02ABbc | 8.59±0.09Aa | 2.84±0.08Aa |
T80 | 63.05±1.93BCcd | 6.59±0.03Aa | 8.47±0.31Aa | 2.72±0.02Aa |
T100 | 60.54±1.66Cd | 6.58±0.01Aab | 7.96±0.27Aa | 2.71±0.32Aa |
SEM | 2.20 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.23 |
P值P-value | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.910 | 0.200 |
组别 Groups | 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (PA) | 异丁酸 Isobutyric acid | 丁酸 Butyric acid | 异戊酸 Isovaleric acid | 戊酸 Valeric acid | 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acid | 乙酸/丙酸 AA/PA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 49.92±0.75Aa | 27.73±0.26Aa | 0.54±0.01a | 9.03±0.10Aa | 0.69±0.01a | 0.97±0.01Aa | 88.88±1.08Aa | 1.80±0.01Gg |
T20 | 49.14±0.44ABab | 26.64±0.21Aa | 0.55±0.01a | 9.00±0.13Aa | 0.70±0.01a | 0.85±0.01Bb | 86.88±0.74Baa | 1.84±0.01Ff |
T40 | 46.23±0.76Bc | 24.20±0.45Bb | 0.54±0.01a | 8.69±0.09Ab | 0.70±0.01a | 0.92±0.01ABa | 81.27±1.28BCbc | 1.91±0.01Ee |
T50 | 47.08±1.06ABbc | 24.11±0.57Bb | 0.55±0.01a | 8.67±0.10Ab | 0.70±0.01a | 0.81±0.02Cbc | 81.93±1.74BCb | 1.95±0.01Dd |
T60 | 45.45±1.23BCc | 22.50±0.65BCc | 0.55±0.01a | 8.62±0.06Ab | 0.69±0.01a | 0.77±0.03CDc | 78.02±1.96Cbc | 2.02±0.01Cc |
T80 | 45.67±0.87BCc | 21.85±0.38Cc | 0.55±0.01a | 7.94±0.08Bc | 0.70±0.01a | 0.68±0.02Dd | 77.39±1.18CDc | 2.09±0.01Bb |
T100 | 42.32±0.77Cd | 19.75±0.46Dd | 0.54±0.01a | 8.08±0.15Bc | 0.68±0.01a | 0.68±0.04Dd | 72.06±1.34Dd | 2.14±0.01Aa |
SEM | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.02 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.723 | <0.001 | 0.951 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Table 5 Effects of different proportions of the mixed silage of raw potato chips processing by-product with rice straw and whole corn silage on the concentration of volatile fatty acids in vitro fermentation (mmol·L-1)
组别 Groups | 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (PA) | 异丁酸 Isobutyric acid | 丁酸 Butyric acid | 异戊酸 Isovaleric acid | 戊酸 Valeric acid | 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acid | 乙酸/丙酸 AA/PA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | 49.92±0.75Aa | 27.73±0.26Aa | 0.54±0.01a | 9.03±0.10Aa | 0.69±0.01a | 0.97±0.01Aa | 88.88±1.08Aa | 1.80±0.01Gg |
T20 | 49.14±0.44ABab | 26.64±0.21Aa | 0.55±0.01a | 9.00±0.13Aa | 0.70±0.01a | 0.85±0.01Bb | 86.88±0.74Baa | 1.84±0.01Ff |
T40 | 46.23±0.76Bc | 24.20±0.45Bb | 0.54±0.01a | 8.69±0.09Ab | 0.70±0.01a | 0.92±0.01ABa | 81.27±1.28BCbc | 1.91±0.01Ee |
T50 | 47.08±1.06ABbc | 24.11±0.57Bb | 0.55±0.01a | 8.67±0.10Ab | 0.70±0.01a | 0.81±0.02Cbc | 81.93±1.74BCb | 1.95±0.01Dd |
T60 | 45.45±1.23BCc | 22.50±0.65BCc | 0.55±0.01a | 8.62±0.06Ab | 0.69±0.01a | 0.77±0.03CDc | 78.02±1.96Cbc | 2.02±0.01Cc |
T80 | 45.67±0.87BCc | 21.85±0.38Cc | 0.55±0.01a | 7.94±0.08Bc | 0.70±0.01a | 0.68±0.02Dd | 77.39±1.18CDc | 2.09±0.01Bb |
T100 | 42.32±0.77Cd | 19.75±0.46Dd | 0.54±0.01a | 8.08±0.15Bc | 0.68±0.01a | 0.68±0.04Dd | 72.06±1.34Dd | 2.14±0.01Aa |
SEM | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.02 |
P值P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.723 | <0.001 | 0.951 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
项目Items | T20 | T40 | T50 | T60 | T80 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
48 h产气量Gas production (GP48 h) | 0.0159 | 0.0011 | -0.0176 | -0.0490 | -0.0159 |
干物质降解率Dry matter degradation (DMD) | 0.0247 | 0.0168 | 0.0127 | 0.0125 | 0.0063 |
pH | -0.0026 | 0.0015 | -0.0013 | -0.0005 | 0.0051 |
氨态氮Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) | 0.0037 | 0.0420 | 0.0387 | 0.0458 | 0.0469 |
微生物蛋白Microbial protein (MCP) | -0.0192 | 0.0647 | 0.0507 | 0.0423 | -0.0007 |
乙酸Acetic acid | 0.0152 | -0.0135 | 0.0211 | 0.0022 | 0.0418 |
丙酸Propionic acid | 0.0191 | -0.0140 | 0.0154 | -0.0191 | 0.0234 |
丁酸Butyric acid | 0.0179 | 0.0037 | 0.0135 | 0.0190 | -0.0399 |
综合效应指数Multiple-factors associative effects index (MFAEI) | 0.0462 | 0.1942 | 0.1648 | 0.0450 | 0.0401 |
Table 6 Effects of different proportions of the mixed silage of raw potato chips processing by-product with rice straw and whole corn silage on the associative effect index in vitro fermentation
项目Items | T20 | T40 | T50 | T60 | T80 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
48 h产气量Gas production (GP48 h) | 0.0159 | 0.0011 | -0.0176 | -0.0490 | -0.0159 |
干物质降解率Dry matter degradation (DMD) | 0.0247 | 0.0168 | 0.0127 | 0.0125 | 0.0063 |
pH | -0.0026 | 0.0015 | -0.0013 | -0.0005 | 0.0051 |
氨态氮Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) | 0.0037 | 0.0420 | 0.0387 | 0.0458 | 0.0469 |
微生物蛋白Microbial protein (MCP) | -0.0192 | 0.0647 | 0.0507 | 0.0423 | -0.0007 |
乙酸Acetic acid | 0.0152 | -0.0135 | 0.0211 | 0.0022 | 0.0418 |
丙酸Propionic acid | 0.0191 | -0.0140 | 0.0154 | -0.0191 | 0.0234 |
丁酸Butyric acid | 0.0179 | 0.0037 | 0.0135 | 0.0190 | -0.0399 |
综合效应指数Multiple-factors associative effects index (MFAEI) | 0.0462 | 0.1942 | 0.1648 | 0.0450 | 0.0401 |
1 | Wang H L, Niu J B. Current situation and countermeasures of potato industry development in Changzhi City. Seed Science and Technology, 2015, 33(9): 35-36. |
王海亮, 牛军兵. 长治市马铃薯产业发展现状与对策. 种子科技, 2015, 33(9): 35-36. | |
2 | Wang Z, Gu Z B, Hong Y. Review: Exploitation and utilization of potato pulp. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2007, 22(2): 133-136. |
王卓, 顾正彪, 洪雁. 马铃薯渣的开发与利用. 中国粮油学报, 2007, 22(2): 133-136. | |
3 | Gu Z B, Cheng L, Hong Y, et al. Effective utilization technology of potato pulp produced from potato starch industry. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2013, 31(1): 64-69. |
顾正彪, 程力, 洪雁, 等. 马铃薯淀粉生产过程中薯渣的有效利用技术.食品科学技术学报, 2013, 31(1): 64-69. | |
4 | Lei H, Cao B H, Yang F Y, et al. Potato starch residue as a substrate for microbial fermentation. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2011, 23(11): 1891-1897. |
雷恒, 曹兵海, 杨富裕, 等. 利用微生物发酵马铃薯淀粉渣的研究进展. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(11): 1891-1897. | |
5 | Yun J, Liu L, An Z, et al. Technology of single cell protein feed production from raw potato starch residue by multi-strains solid fermentation.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(S2): 399-404. |
6 | Li S S, Dong H R, Li X, et al. Analysis on the current situation and influencing factors of crop straw utilization in Hebei Province. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2015(3): 6-8. |
李珊珊, 董海荣, 李霞, 等. 河北省农作物秸秆利用现状及其影响因素分析. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2015(3): 6-8. | |
7 | Ouyang K H, Yi Z H, Qu M R, et al. New technology of straw feed resource development and utilization. Feed Research, 2010(4): 72-74. |
欧阳克蕙, 易中华, 瞿明仁, 等. 稻草饲料资源开发利用新技术. 饲料研究, 2010(4): 72-74. | |
8 | Wu X J. Effects of different treatments on fermentation quality of silage. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005. |
吴晓杰. 不同处理方式对青贮饲料质量影响的试验研究. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005. | |
9 | Wang H Z, Peng Q H, Kang K, et al. Effects of mixing ratio on quality of sweet potato vines, distilled grains and rice straw mixed silage. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014, 26(12): 3868-3876. |
王鸿泽, 彭全辉, 康坤, 等. 不同混合比例对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2014, 26(12): 3868-3876. | |
10 | Wang Y J, Guo H, Tian X E. Technical route and key technology of crop straws as feed application. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2015, 36(12): 6-11. |
王永军, 郭航, 田秀娥. 农作物秸秆饲料化的技术路线与关键技术.家畜生态学报, 2015, 36(12): 6-11. | |
11 | Sun G Q, Lv Y Y, Zhang J J. A study on the associative effect of whole corn silage-peanut vine and Leymus chinensis by rumen fermentation in vitro. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 224-231. |
孙国强, 吕永艳, 张杰杰. 利用体外瘤胃发酵法研究全株玉米青贮与花生蔓和羊草间的组合效应. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 224-231. | |
12 | Zhang Y W, Sun S H, Zhao G X, et al. Study on the associated effect of apple pomace silage and corn silage. China Feed, 2015(17):28-30, 35. |
张一为, 孙少华, 赵国先, 等. 苹果渣青贮与全株玉米青贮组合效应研究. 中国饲料, 2015(17): 28-30, 35. | |
13 | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of China. Determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in feds. GB/T 20806-2006. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2007. |
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中中性洗涤纤维(NDF) 的测定. GB/T 20806-2006. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007. | |
14 | The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of acid detergent fiber in feed. NY/T 1459-2007. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 2008. |
中华人民共和国农业农村部. 饲料中酸性洗涤纤维的测定. NY/T1459-2007. 北京: 农业出版社, 2008. | |
15 | State Bureau of Technical Supervision of China (CSBTS). Determination of crude protein in feed. GB/T6432-1994. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1994. |
国家技术监督局. 饲料中粗蛋白测定方法. GB/T6432-1994. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1994. | |
16 | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of China. Determination of crude fat in feeds. GB/T 6433-2006. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006. |
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中粗脂肪的测定. GB/T 6433-2006. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006. | |
17 | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of calcium in feed. GB/T 6436-2002. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2002. |
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 饲料中钙的测定. GB/T 6436-2002. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002. | |
18 | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of total phosphorus in feed by spectrophotometry. GB/T 6437-2002. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2002. |
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 饲料中磷的测定分光光度计法. GB/T 6437-2002. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002. | |
19 | Menke K H, Raab L, Salewski A, et al. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1979, 93(1): 217-222. |
20 | Mauricio R M, Mould F L, Dhanoa M S, et al. A semi-automated in vitro gas production technique for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1999, 79(4): 321-330. |
21 | Ørskov E R, Mcdonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1979, 92(2): 499-503. |
22 | Feng Z C, Gao M. Improvement of colorimetric method for determination of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid. Inner Mongolian Journal of Animal Science and Production, 1993(4): 40-41. |
冯宗慈, 高民. 通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进. 内蒙古畜牧科学, 1993(4): 40-41. | |
23 | Su H Y. Study on associative effects between mulberry leaves (Morus alba) and oil-seed meals in ruminants. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2002. |
苏海涯. 反刍动物日粮中桑叶与饼粕类饲料间组合效应的研究. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2002. | |
24 | Erwin E S, Marco G J, Emery E M. Volatile fatty acid analyses of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. Journal of Dairy Science, 1961, 44(9): 1768-1771. |
25 | Wang X. A technique for formulation of mixed forages by grading index and systematic optimization of sheep ration based on the technique. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2003. |
王旭. 利用GI技术对粗饲料进行科学搭配及绵羊日粮配方系统优化技术的研究. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2003. | |
26 | Gao L P, Meng M J, Bai Y F, et al. Effects of different roughage combinations on dietary nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance of goats. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016, 28(8): 2396-2403. |
高立鹏, 孟梅娟, 白云峰, 等. 不同粗饲料组合对山羊饲粮养分表观消化率及氮平衡的影响. 动物营养学报, 2016, 28(8): 2396-2403. | |
27 | Cone J W, Van Gelder A H. Influence of protein fermentation on gas production profiles. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1999, 76(3/4): 251-264. |
28 | Groot J C, Cone J W, Williams B A, et al. Multiphasic analysis of gas production kinetics for in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996, 64(1): 77-89. |
29 | Lei D Z, Jin S G, Ulintana. Evaluation of the associative effects of same concentration and different forages by gas production method in vitro. Feed Industry, 2009, 30(3): 30-33. |
雷冬至, 金曙光, 乌仁塔娜. 用体外产气法评价不同粗饲料与相同精料间的组合效应.饲料工业, 2009, 30(3): 30-33. | |
30 | Ma S N, Xu G S, Wang X H, et al. Correlation analysis between in vitro gas production and effective degradation rate of common concentrates for mutton sheep in Southern Xinjiang. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(3): 1052-1062. |
马绍楠, 许贵善, 王晓慧, 等. 新疆南疆地区肉羊常用精饲料体外产气量与有效降解率的相关性分析.动物营养学报, 2018, 30(3): 1052-1062. | |
31 | Blümmel M, Makkar H P S, Becker K. In vitro gas production: A technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1997, 77(1/2/3/4/5): 24-34. |
32 | Feng Y L. Nutrition of ruminant animals. Beijing: Science Press, 2004. |
冯仰廉. 反刍动物营养学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004. | |
33 | Stritzler N P, Wolstrup J, Eggum B O. Factors affecting degradation of barley straw in sacco and microbial activity in the rumen of cows fed fibre-rich dietsⅡ: The level of supplemental fishmeal. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1998, 70(1/2): 11-22. |
34 | Assoumani M B, Vedeau F, Jacquot L, et al. Refinement of an enzymatic method for estimating the theoretical degradability of proteins in feedstuffs for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1992, 39(3/4): 357-368. |
35 | Liu Z, Zhang C J, Hao Z L, et al. Effects of total pellet feed diet with different straws on the rumen and blood metabolism parameters for sheep. China Feed, 2005(11): 12-14. |
刘哲, 张昌吉, 郝正里, 等. 饲喂含不同秸秆的全日粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃及血液代谢参数的影响. 中国饲料, 2005(11): 12-14. | |
36 | McDonald P, Edwards R A. The influence of conservation methods on digestion and utilization of forages by ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1976, 35(2): 201-211. |
37 | Guo D S, Peng X L. Study on the utilization of urea in ruminant. Hunan Feed, 2001(4): 24-25. |
郭冬生, 彭小兰. 反刍动物尿素利用情况的探讨. 湖南饲料, 2001(4): 24-25. | |
38 | Nocek J E, Russell J B. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 1988, 71(8): 2070-2107. |
39 | Whitelaw F G, Eadie J M, Bruce L A, et al. Methane formation in faunated and ciliate-free cattle and its relationship with rumen volatile fatty acid proportions. British Journal of Nutrition, 1984, 52(2): 261-275. |
40 | Hao Z M, Wang J, Zhu L J, et al. Effect of acetic acid/propionic acid ratio on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro and protein production. Guangdong Feed, 2011, 20(8): 20-24. |
郝志敏, 王景, 朱靓婧, 等. 乙酸/丙酸比例对瘤胃微生物体外发酵和蛋白产量的影响. 广东饲料, 2011, 20(8): 20-24. | |
41 | Penner G B, Oba M, Gäbel G, et al. A single mild episode of subacute ruminal acidosis does not affect ruminal barrier function in the short term. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010, 93(10): 4838-4845. |
42 | Leng R A. Factors affecting the utilization of ‘poor-quality’forages by ruminants particularly under tropical conditions. Nutrition Research Reviews, 1990, 3(1): 277-303. |
43 | Bu T L. In vitro gas test to evaluate associative effects between corn silage, Chinese wild hay and alfalfa. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2006. |
布同良. 体外产气法评定青贮玉米、羊草和苜蓿草之间的组合效应. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2006. | |
44 | Tan Z L, Lu D X. The research progress of systematic combined nutrition technology and its combined effect to improve the utilization efficiency of roughage. Feed Review, 1999, 11(7): 6-10. |
谭支良, 卢德勋. 提高粗饲料利用效率的系统组合营养技术及其组合效应的研究进展. 饲料博览, 1999, 11(7): 6-10. | |
45 | Meng M J, Tu Y L, Bai Y F, et al. Study of associative effects of wheat straw mixed with rice bran meal on in vitro fermentation parameters. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(9): 161-172. |
孟梅娟, 涂远璐, 白云峰, 等. 小麦秸秆与米糠粕瘤胃体外发酵组合效应研究. 草业学报, 2016, 25(9): 161-172. |
[1] | Dan-dan ZHANG, Yuan-qing ZHANG, Jing CHENG, Guang JIN, Bo LI, Dong-cai WANG, Fang XU, Rui-feng SUN. Effects of different roughage combinations on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of Jinnan cattle [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 93-100. |
[2] | Fan ZHANG, Qian YANG. Effects of co-utilization of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw on the potassium cycle and potassium balance in a paddy soil [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 72-80. |
[3] | FU Jin-tao, WANG Xue-kai, NI Kui-kui, YANG Fu-yu. The effects of adding lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation of Broussonetia papyrifera and rice straw mixed silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(4): 121-128. |
[4] | MAO Cui, LIU Fang-yuan, SONG En-liang, WANG Ya-fang, WANG Yong-jun, ZHAN Xiang, LI Yuan, CHENG Hai-jian, JIANG Fu-gui. Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculant level and ensiling time on nutritional value and fermentation quality of whole-crop maize silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(10): 172-181. |
[5] | TANG De-fu, YUAN Jiu, WANG Yan-qian, WANG Yan-na, WANG Juan-li, LIU Zi-qiang, KOU Wei, CUI Zhong-yong, ZHANG Ze-yan, ZHAO Xiang-min, WAN Xin-jie. Evaluation using a gas production technique in vitro of associative effects on digestibility of corn cob, alfalfa and concentrate in mixed rations [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(6): 137-147. |
[6] | LUO Ying-jie, CHEN Gui-hua, MU Lin, HU Long-xing, ZHANG Zhi-fei, GAO Shuai, WEI Zhong-shan. Effects on silage quality of mixing different ratios of rice straw with alfalfa and wheat bran [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(5): 178-184. |
[7] | YUAN Jiu, TANG De-fu, WAN Xin-jie, ZHU Bao-zhen, HE Tian-le, YU Hai-shan, WANG Jun-jun. Effects of the proportion of pomelo peel and alfalfa in different concentrate-roughage ratios on the associative effects of diets in vitro [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(6): 188-196. |
[8] | LI Jun-Feng, YUAN Xian-Jun, DONG Zhi-Hao, Seare Tajebe Desta, CHEN Lei, BAI Xi, BAI Yun-Feng, SHAO Tao. Isolation and identification of facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium in the rumen of Tibetan yaks (Bos grunniens) [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(6): 176-184. |
[9] | LI Yan, HAN Xiao-Min, LI Jian-Guo, LI Qiu-Feng, GAO Yan-Xia, CAO Yu-Feng, LI Yun-Qi. Associative effects of cornstalk, millet straw, and corn stalk on silage digestibility in vitro [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(5): 213-223. |
[10] | GUO Hai-Ming, XIA Tian-Chan, ZHU Wen, ZHANG Yong, YE Jun-An. Effect of additives on the quality and aerobic stability of rice straw silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(2): 190-196. |
[11] | DONG Chen-Fei, GU Hong-Ru, DING Cheng-Long, XU Neng-Xiang, ZHANG Wen-Jie. Effects of gibberellic acid on forage quality of rice (Oryza sativa) straw [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(11): 94-102. |
[12] | ZHANG Yong, XIA Tian-Chan, CHANG Yu, HUANG Wen-Ming, GUO Hai-Ming, YE Jun-An. Evaluation of the associative effects of rape straw, corn and soybean meal using an in vitro gas production technique [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(11): 185-191. |
[13] | DONG Chen-Fei, GU Hong-Ru, XU Neng-Xiang, CHENG Yun-Hui, ZHANG Wen-Jie, DING Cheng-Long. Effects of gibberellic acid on nonstructural carbohydrates content in rice (Oryza sativa) straw harvested at different times [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(8): 53-64. |
[14] | XU Neng-Xiang, DONG Chen-Fei, GU Hong-Ru, CHENG Yun-Hui, ZHANG Wen-Jie, DING Cheng-Long. Effects of α-amylase on fermentation of rice (Oryza sativa) straw [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(11): 146-154. |
[15] | WANG Hong-ze,WANG Zhi-sheng,KANG Kun,ZOU Hua-wei,SHEN Jun-hua,HU Rui. Effects of corn flour and lactic acid bacteria on quality of mixed silage made from sweet potato vines, distiller’s grains and rice straw [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 103-110. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||