Impacts of desertification and artificial revegetation on soil bacterial communities in alpine grassland

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021120

Abstract

Abstract:

Characteristics of the soil microbial communities indicate the health of grasslands and quality of the environment. To elucidate the effects of desertification and artificial revegetation on the respective soil bacterial communities， four alpine grassland types including natural grassland （NG）， desertified grassland （DG）， grass-based artificial grassland （AG） and shrub-basedartificial grassland （AS） in a small watershed of Guinan County， Qinghai Province were selected and qPCR and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput amplicon sequencing technologies were used to study the variation between the communities in bacterial biomass， diversity and structure. We also analyzed the key factors shaping soil bacterial community structure and their contributions based on variations in vegetation and soil properties. It was found that grassland desertification significantly reduced bacterial community biomass and α diversity （P<0.05）， but that bacterial community biomass could be almost restored to the level of undegraded grassland after 22 years of artificial revegetation. Desertification significantly increased the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota， while abundance of Proteobacteriaand Planctomycetota significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Artificial revegetation promoted the succession of dominant bacteria towards the community structure found in NG， and after 22 years of artificial revegetation， most of the bacterial relative abundances paralleled those of the undegraded status. Dissimilarity in bacterial community structure was noted between NG and DG， AG and AS， community structure in AG and AS were very similar. Soil bacterial community structure significantly positively correlated with the majority of vegetation and soil physiochemical properties （P<0.05）. However， compared to soil physical （6.3%） and chemical （1.9%） properties， vegetation properties explained more variation （10.0%） in bacterial community structure. In total， the measured vegetation and soil indices explained 72.0% of variation in soil bacterial community structure， implying that vegetation and soil determine the shifts of soil bacterial community structure. Accordingly， it is essential and meaningful to strengthen vegetation and soil protection， and implement artificial revegetation in desertified grassland for protection and restoration of soil bacterial communities in Tibetan alpine grassland. However， the choice between shrub and grass planting during revegetation made little difference to the superficial soil bacterial community structure in artificial revegetation.

Key words: desertification, artificial revegetation, grassland desertification, soil bacteria, alpine grassland

Ya-ni WANG, Yi-gang HU, Zeng-ru WANG, Yi-kang LI, Zhen-hua ZHANG, Hua-kun ZHOU. Impacts of desertification and artificial revegetation on soil bacterial communities in alpine grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5): 26-39.

Figures/Tables 9

References 53

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指标Index	天然草地NG	沙化草地DG	草本人工恢复草地AG	灌木人工恢复草地AS
植被盖度PC （%）	61. 67±2.42a	0b	59.00±1.63a	54.95±2.05a
植物物种丰富度PR （%）	12.60±1.29a	0c	7.40±0.75b	10.80±0.37a
植物香农指数PS （%）	2.41±0.14a	0b	1.90±0.18a	2.28±0.04a
植物地上生物量Abs （g·m^-2）	167.38±19.45a	0b	104.75±9.39a	344.51±79.67a
土壤水分SM （%）	8.36±0.21a	5.42±0.50b	8.28±0.13a	7.32±0.29a
土壤容重BD （g·m^-3）	124.04±2.00c	148.78±1.70a	139.59±1.31b	141.34±1.81b
pH	8.37±0.03b	8.85±0.03a	8.71±0.05a	8.66±0.05a
电导率EC （us·cm^-1）	161.20±3.31a	113.42±3.03c	132.92±1.71b	136.32±1.78b
土壤总有机碳TOC （%）	0.77±0.06b	0.37±0.03c	0.74±0.02b	0.97±0.03a
土壤全氮TN （%）	0.06±0.00a	0.01±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.04±0.00a
土壤全磷TP （g·kg^-1）	0.49±0.01a	0.44±0.02b	0.44±0.01b	0.39±0.01c
土壤有效磷AP （mg·kg^-1）	4.31±0.27b	2.75±0.37b	4.40±0.50b	6.56±0.55a
速效钾AK （mg·kg^-1）	251.00±3.32a	173.20±6.54c	183.20±7.37c	224.80±7.30b
硝态氮NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	1.14±0.09a	0.50±0.02c	1.23±0.06a	0.82±0.01b
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	0.40±0.09b	0.86±0.02a	0.46±0.08b	0.87±0.05a

指标Index	天然草地NG	沙化草地DG	草本人工恢复草地AG	灌木人工恢复草地AS
植被盖度PC （%）	61. 67±2.42a	0b	59.00±1.63a	54.95±2.05a
植物物种丰富度PR （%）	12.60±1.29a	0c	7.40±0.75b	10.80±0.37a
植物香农指数PS （%）	2.41±0.14a	0b	1.90±0.18a	2.28±0.04a
植物地上生物量Abs （g·m^-2）	167.38±19.45a	0b	104.75±9.39a	344.51±79.67a
土壤水分SM （%）	8.36±0.21a	5.42±0.50b	8.28±0.13a	7.32±0.29a
土壤容重BD （g·m^-3）	124.04±2.00c	148.78±1.70a	139.59±1.31b	141.34±1.81b
pH	8.37±0.03b	8.85±0.03a	8.71±0.05a	8.66±0.05a
电导率EC （us·cm^-1）	161.20±3.31a	113.42±3.03c	132.92±1.71b	136.32±1.78b
土壤总有机碳TOC （%）	0.77±0.06b	0.37±0.03c	0.74±0.02b	0.97±0.03a
土壤全氮TN （%）	0.06±0.00a	0.01±0.00b	0.02±0.00b	0.04±0.00a
土壤全磷TP （g·kg^-1）	0.49±0.01a	0.44±0.02b	0.44±0.01b	0.39±0.01c
土壤有效磷AP （mg·kg^-1）	4.31±0.27b	2.75±0.37b	4.40±0.50b	6.56±0.55a
速效钾AK （mg·kg^-1）	251.00±3.32a	173.20±6.54c	183.20±7.37c	224.80±7.30b
硝态氮NO₃^--N （mg·kg^-1）	1.14±0.09a	0.50±0.02c	1.23±0.06a	0.82±0.01b
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N （mg·kg^-1）	0.40±0.09b	0.86±0.02a	0.46±0.08b	0.87±0.05a

门类 Phylum	相对丰度 Relative abundance （%）				P 值 P value	退化比例 Degradation proportion （%）	恢复比例 Recovery proportion （%）
门类 Phylum	NG	DG	AG	AS	P 值 P value	退化比例 Degradation proportion （%）	AG	AS
放线菌门Actinobacteriota	36.82ab	37.92a	34.62b	35.85ab	0.048	0.03	-0.09	-0.06
变形菌门Proteobacteria	24.26b	18.61c	29.68a	27.70ab	0.009	-0.23	0.46	0.37
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi	12.64a	11.05a	11.41a	11.70a	0.381	-0.13	0.03	0.05
酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota	14.19a	12.61a	10.02a	9.93a	0.087	-0.11	-0.18	-0.19
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadota	2.61b	8.71a	3.14b	2.86b	0.017	2.34	-2.13	-2.24
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota	2.81b	2.63b	4.45a	4.92a	0.009	-0.06	0.65	0.81
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	1.15a	2.10a	0.70a	0.85a	0.090	0.83	-1.22	-1.09
粘球菌门Myxococcota	1.13a	0.82b	1.19a	1.06ab	0.060	-0.27	0.32	0.21
浮霉菌门Planctomycetota	1.03a	0.28b	0.72ab	0.92a	0.025	-0.73	0.43	0.63

门类 Phylum	相对丰度 Relative abundance （%）				P 值 P value	退化比例 Degradation proportion （%）	恢复比例 Recovery proportion （%）
门类 Phylum	NG	DG	AG	AS	P 值 P value	退化比例 Degradation proportion （%）	AG	AS
放线菌门Actinobacteriota	36.82ab	37.92a	34.62b	35.85ab	0.048	0.03	-0.09	-0.06
变形菌门Proteobacteria	24.26b	18.61c	29.68a	27.70ab	0.009	-0.23	0.46	0.37
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi	12.64a	11.05a	11.41a	11.70a	0.381	-0.13	0.03	0.05
酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota	14.19a	12.61a	10.02a	9.93a	0.087	-0.11	-0.18	-0.19
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadota	2.61b	8.71a	3.14b	2.86b	0.017	2.34	-2.13	-2.24
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota	2.81b	2.63b	4.45a	4.92a	0.009	-0.06	0.65	0.81
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	1.15a	2.10a	0.70a	0.85a	0.090	0.83	-1.22	-1.09
粘球菌门Myxococcota	1.13a	0.82b	1.19a	1.06ab	0.060	-0.27	0.32	0.21
浮霉菌门Planctomycetota	1.03a	0.28b	0.72ab	0.92a	0.025	-0.73	0.43	0.63

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