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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 89-104.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023282

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Effects of straw return combined with phosphorus fertilizer on carbon assimilate accumulation in dryland wheat and the associated physiological mechanisms

Jun-hao ZHANG(), Xue-ru CHAI, Song-ke MA, Dong-xia ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Chang-chang QIAO, Shuang LI, Ming HUANG, He-zheng WANG()   

  1. College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China
  • Received:2023-08-09 Revised:2023-09-21 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-03-20
  • Contact: He-zheng WANG

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of straw return combined with phosphate (P) fertilizer on the characteristics of carbon assimilation accumulation and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In 2021-2022, a split-spilt-plot field experiment with Luohan22 used as the tested wheat variety was conducted in typical drylands of western Henan province. In this experiment, two corn (Zea mays) straw return treatments (no straw return, S0; full straw return, S1) were set up as main plot treatments, and five rates of P fertilizer application rates (0 kg·ha-1, P0; 75 kg·ha-1, P1; 112.5 kg·ha-1, P2; 150 kg·ha-1, P3; 187.5 kg·ha-1, P4), were applied as split-plot treatments. We investigated the characteristics of dry matter accumulation, grain yield and its components in wheat, and the changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf chlorophyll measured by soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) meter value in flag leaves, and the soluble sugar content, sucrose content and sucrase activity in flag leaves and grains after anthesis under the different treatments. It was found that, under the same phosphorus application rate, compared with S0 treatment, the SPAD value and Pn, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose, and the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase in flag leaves and grains were all significantly increased in the S1 treatment. Finally, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield were, respectively, increased by 9.25%-14.60% and 2.17%-6.31%. Under the same straw return, with increase in phosphorus application rate, the SPAD value, Pn of flag leaves, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose and the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase in flag leaves and grain, and dry matter accumulation showed a trend of initial increase and then decrease. Considering the interaction of straw return and P fertilizer application rate, the S1P3 combination had the best performance for SPAD value, Pn, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose and the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase in flag leaves and grain, and thus resulted in the highest grain yield, which was 35.70% greater than that in S0P0. Therefore, the S1P3 treatment with full straw return in combination with a P fertilizer application rate of 150 kg·ha-1 was the most suitable planting configuration under the present experimental conditions and should be promoted as optimal in rainfed wheat production in western Henan province.

Key words: dryland wheat, straw returning, phosphate fertilizer, sucrase activity