The geographic distribution pattern and factors influencing the spread in China of the invasive alien plant Cenchrus longispinus

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024054

Abstract

Abstract:

The invasion of Cenchrus longispinus has caused great harm to the northern grassland and the ecotone of agriculture and grazing land in China. Most of the studies have focused on the biological characteristics of， and control measures for C.longispinus， but its invasion and spread mechanisms， geographical distribution pattern and factors influencing these in China are not clear. Hence， we reconstructed the invasion history of C. longispinus in China using data from herbarium specimens， literature， field surveys， and other sources. This spatial analysis approach revealed the spatial distribution pattern of C. longispinus， and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of its spread. We selected 8 environmental factors based on principal component analysis to identify the key factors that influence distribution and spread patterns. C.longispinus first invaded Jinzhou City， Liaoning Province in 1963， then spread to the southeastern part of Inner Mongolia and western Jilin， where it has formed an invasion infestation and is still spreading. It has also spread to western Inner Mongolia since 2010 and formed a new infestation. The spread of C.longispinus in Liaoning Province shows anisotropy， mainly spreading north and west， with little spread to the southwest. C. longispinus was recorded in Chaoyang District， Beijing and Qinhuangdao， Hebei Province in the 1970s， but subsequently did not spread. The heterogeneity of the direction and pattern of C. longispinus spread in Liaoning and Beijing after introduction may be due to its inability to establish a stable and growing population after introduction. The factor analysis results of the introduction and establishment area show that soil calcium carbonate content， annual average precipitation， surface soil sand content， and surface soil carbon to nitrogen ratio are the key factors affecting whether C. longispinus can establish after introduction. In future risk assessments， the adaptability and reproductive capacity of C. longispinus populations in different soil environments should be considered. To better understand risk of spread， the reproductive growth characteristics and invasiveness in different environments should be fully analyzed. Such data will provide scientific support for accurately identification of areas at risk of colonization and will assist formulation of efficient monitoring and control measures to inhibit further C.longispinus spread.

Key words: invasive plant, Cenchrus longispinus, distribution pattern, dispersal, population establishment, calcium carbonate

Yu-xuan HAN, Rui WANG, Li-fen HAO, Hai-bin YUAN, Ke-jian LIN. The geographic distribution pattern and factors influencing the spread in China of the invasive alien plant Cenchrus longispinus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(12): 34-44.

Figures/Tables 8

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环境因子 Environmental factors	因子载荷 Factor loading
环境因子 Environmental factors	PC₁	PC₂	PC₃
年均地表温度AAST	0.589	0.005	-0.584
归一化植被指数NDVI	-0.559	0.162	0.571
年均降水量Annual average precipitation	-0.844	0.135	0.237
表层土壤沙子含量SSSC	0.162	-0.906	0.170
碳酸钙含量Soil calcium carbonate content	0.824	0.074	0.427
土壤类型Soil type	0.652	-0.233	0.171
表层土壤碳氮比Surface soil C/N	0.350	0.869	-0.052
土壤pH值Soil pH value	0.791	0.172	0.493
特征值Eigenvalue	3.250	1.711	1.210
百分比方差Percentage variance （%）	40.631	21.383	15.122
累积百分比方差CPV （%）	40.631	62.014	77.136

环境因子 Environmental factors	因子载荷 Factor loading
环境因子 Environmental factors	PC₁	PC₂	PC₃
年均地表温度AAST	0.589	0.005	-0.584
归一化植被指数NDVI	-0.559	0.162	0.571
年均降水量Annual average precipitation	-0.844	0.135	0.237
表层土壤沙子含量SSSC	0.162	-0.906	0.170
碳酸钙含量Soil calcium carbonate content	0.824	0.074	0.427
土壤类型Soil type	0.652	-0.233	0.171
表层土壤碳氮比Surface soil C/N	0.350	0.869	-0.052
土壤pH值Soil pH value	0.791	0.172	0.493
特征值Eigenvalue	3.250	1.711	1.210
百分比方差Percentage variance （%）	40.631	21.383	15.122
累积百分比方差CPV （%）	40.631	62.014	77.136

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