Responses of soil pH to different fertilization practices in natural grasslands of northern China

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024342

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil pH is a critical factor influencing plant growth and soil nutrient availability in grassland ecosystems. Fertilization is as an essential practice for rehabilitating degraded grasslands and may significantly affect soil pH. This study aimed to examine the impacts of various fertilization strategies on soil pH in natural grasslands in northern China， with an aim to provide scientific evidence and methodological references for optimizing restoration practices for degraded grasslands. A total of 63 articles published between 2000 and 2024， encompassing 461 datasets， were used for these analyses. A meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively assess the effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer， combined nitrogen and phosphorus application， and organic fertilizer on soil pH. Additionally， the primary factors influencing soil pH under different fertilization regimes were identified using the random forest method. The results indicated that overall， the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer resulted in the most substantial decrease in soil pH with a reduction of 5.31%， and its effect was further intensified with increased rates and duration of fertilization. Nitrogen and phosphorus application resulted in a 2.92% decrease in soil pH， whereas organic fertilizer application exhibited no significant overall effect on soil pH. The response of soil pH to fertilization varied significantly across different grassland types， climate conditions， and initial soil pH levels. The random forest analysis revealed that the fertilization rate， duration of fertilization， initial soil pH， and annual rainfall were pivotal factors affecting the soil pH response to fertilization. Among these， fertilization rate was the principal factor influencing soil pH under chemical nitrogen fertilization （increase in mean square error=52.40%）. Initial soil pH was the principal factor affecting the soil pH response to combined nitrogen and phosphorus application and organic fertilizer application （mean square error increases of 22.80% and 22.20%， respectively）. Correlation analyses revealed that the soil pH response to chemical nitrogen fertilization was positively correlated with the initial soil pH and negatively correlated with the duration and rate of fertilization. The response of soil pH to combined nitrogen and phosphorus application was positively correlated with the initial soil pH， and negatively correlated with annual rainfall and duration of fertilization. The response of soil pH to organic fertilization was positively correlated with annual average temperature， annual rainfall， and the fertilization rate， but negatively correlated with altitude. Organic fertilizer application had no significant overall effect on soil pH， but it significantly increased the pH of acidic and neutral soils and decreased the pH of alkaline soil. Therefore， grassland restoration strategies should consider using organic fertilizer， or a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer， and other measures tailored to the particular soil pH conditions to ensure the stability of grassland ecosystems.

Key words: fertilization, soil pH, impact factors, Meta-analysis, northern natural grasslands

Shao-yu YUAN, Shi-hui HAN, Tian XIA, Ning-bo HE, Jian-jie ZHANG. Responses of soil pH to different fertilization practices in natural grasslands of northern China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(7): 28-40.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 The effects of various fertilization regimes on soil pH under different fertilization rates

Fig.2 The effects of various fertilization regimes on soil pH under various conditions

Fig.3 The relative importance ranking of various factors influencing the soil pH response to various fertilization regimes

Fig.4 The correlation between soil pH response to chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and various influencing factors

Fig.5 The correlation between soil pH response to combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus and various influencing factors

Fig.6 The correlation between soil pH response to organic fertilizer application and various influencing factors

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