Effects of fertilization and mowing for 5 years on soil microbial characteristics in Hulunbuir meadow steppe

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023407

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil microorganisms play an important role in sustaining the functionality of grassland ecosystems， and their rational utilization and management contributes to the sustainable exploitation of grassland resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the adaptability of soil microorganisms to different fertilization and mowing stubble height treatments in a meadow steppe， and a five-year， controlled field experiment was conducted in Hulunbuir， China. This experiment included fertilization （F） and no fertilization （NF） treatments， along with six mowing treatments： stubble heights of 3， 6， 9， 12， 15 cm， and no mowing （CK）. These two factors were combined factorially to form a total of 12 treatments， and soil phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） and soil physicochemical properties were determined. It was found that， compared to the NF treatments， with increase in stubble height， soil microbial biomass peaked at 9 cm and then stabilized. Under the F treatment， microbial biomass showed no significant differences among stubble heights. Up to a stubble height of 9 cm， fertilization enhanced microbial biomass， compensating for the reduction caused by low stubble height. However， for stubble heights exceeding 9 cm， fertilization suppressed the microbial biomass increase associated with mowing. Fertilization significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinomycetes in the microbial community and the index of community dissimilarity. Nitrate-nitrogen emerged as the primary environmental factor influencing the composition of the soil microbial community. This study indicated that soil microorganisms exhibit optimal adaptability at a mowing stubble height of 9 cm in Hulunbuir meadow steppe. For stubble heights lower than 9 cm， fertilization was needed to supplement soil nutrients for microorganisms and mitigate biomass decline. These findings provide scientific data to facilitate the design of management systems for the sustainable utilization and ecological protection of grassland resources.

Key words: fertilization, mowing, stubble height, soil microorganisms, phospholipid fatty acids

Yuan-fei MA, Yan-tao SONG, Yun-na WU, Cheng-feng FANG. Effects of fertilization and mowing for 5 years on soil microbial characteristics in Hulunbuir meadow steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(9): 242-251.

Figures/Tables 8

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微生物类群 Microbial group	磷脂脂肪酸标志物 Phospholipid fatty acid markers
细菌Bacteria	14：0， 15：0， 16：0， 17：0， 18：0， 20：0， 13：0 anteiso， 13：0 iso， 14：0 anteiso， 14：0 iso， 14：1 ω5c， 15：0 anteiso， 15：0 iso， 16：0 anteiso， 16：0 iso， 16：1 ω7c， 16：1 ω9c， 17：0 anteiso， 17：0 iso， 17：0 cyclo ω7c， 17：1 ω8c， 18：0 iso， 18：1 ω5c， 18：1 ω7c， 19：0 cyclo ω7c
革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria	13：0 anteiso， 13：0 iso， 14：0 anteiso， 14：0 iso， 15：0 anteiso， 15：0 iso， 16：0 anteiso， 16：0 iso， 17：0 anteiso， 17：0 iso， 18：0 iso
革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria	14：1 ω5c， 16：1 ω7c， 16：1 ω9c， 17：0 cyclo ω7c， 17：1 ω8c， 18：1 ω5c， 18：1 ω7c， 19：0 cyclo ω7c
真菌Fungi	18：1 ω9c， 18：2 ω6c， 18：3 ω6c
丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	16：1 ω5c
放线菌Actinomycetes	16：0 10-methyl， 17：0 10-methyl， 18：0 10-methyl

微生物类群 Microbial group	磷脂脂肪酸标志物 Phospholipid fatty acid markers
细菌Bacteria	14：0， 15：0， 16：0， 17：0， 18：0， 20：0， 13：0 anteiso， 13：0 iso， 14：0 anteiso， 14：0 iso， 14：1 ω5c， 15：0 anteiso， 15：0 iso， 16：0 anteiso， 16：0 iso， 16：1 ω7c， 16：1 ω9c， 17：0 anteiso， 17：0 iso， 17：0 cyclo ω7c， 17：1 ω8c， 18：0 iso， 18：1 ω5c， 18：1 ω7c， 19：0 cyclo ω7c
革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria	13：0 anteiso， 13：0 iso， 14：0 anteiso， 14：0 iso， 15：0 anteiso， 15：0 iso， 16：0 anteiso， 16：0 iso， 17：0 anteiso， 17：0 iso， 18：0 iso
革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria	14：1 ω5c， 16：1 ω7c， 16：1 ω9c， 17：0 cyclo ω7c， 17：1 ω8c， 18：1 ω5c， 18：1 ω7c， 19：0 cyclo ω7c
真菌Fungi	18：1 ω9c， 18：2 ω6c， 18：3 ω6c
丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	16：1 ω5c
放线菌Actinomycetes	16：0 10-methyl， 17：0 10-methyl， 18：0 10-methyl

指标 Indicators	施肥 Fertilization	刈割留茬高度 Mowing stubble heights	施肥×刈割留茬高度 Fertilization×mowing stubble heights
总微生物生物量Total microbial biomass	0.005	0.905	1.237
细菌Bacteria	3.446	1.389	0.313
革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria	0.005	0.183	0.941
革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria	1.017	1.560	1.583
真菌Fungi	1.011	0.635	0.408
丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	1.265	1.712	0.668
放线菌Actinomycetes	4.065*	1.257	0.563
辛普森指数Simpson index	1.859	1.965	0.675
相异度指数Dissimilarity index	5.680*	0.120	3.584

指标 Indicators	施肥 Fertilization	刈割留茬高度 Mowing stubble heights	施肥×刈割留茬高度 Fertilization×mowing stubble heights
总微生物生物量Total microbial biomass	0.005	0.905	1.237
细菌Bacteria	3.446	1.389	0.313
革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria	0.005	0.183	0.941
革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria	1.017	1.560	1.583
真菌Fungi	1.011	0.635	0.408
丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi	1.265	1.712	0.668
放线菌Actinomycetes	4.065*	1.257	0.563
辛普森指数Simpson index	1.859	1.965	0.675
相异度指数Dissimilarity index	5.680*	0.120	3.584

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