Abstract: To analysis the adaptability of Stipa grandis to environmental conditions, five typical regions were selected in the Xilingol steppe. There were significant differences between populations for these characters except Chl a/b, but the frequencies of these traits along environmental variations were not consistent when tested by Pearson correlation analysis. Further analyses indicated: 1) The chlorophyll contents and MDA content were sensitive traits, and reflected the differences of environmental conditions. The chlorophyll contents reflected the status of S. grandis, and the MDA content reflected the drought status of their habitats. 2) This was related to the response of protective enzymes to stress conditions and the growth status of S. grandis plants. 3) Osmotic adjustment substance contents could be complementary within a population. The study provides scientific data and proofs to understand the adaptive mechanisms and strategies of S. grandis.