Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on production performance and nutritive value of pasture species in Northern Tibet

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020202

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of snow pastures is an effective means to relieve rangeland degradation and improve grassland productivity. Rational fertilization is a key measure for ensuring the sustainable development of degraded alpine meadows. Therefore， we conducted field experiments and laboratory analyses to evaluate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the main agronomic traits， nutritional value， and total outputs of cultivated pasture species. This study was conducted at Namache， in the North Tibetan Autonomous Region of Naqu Prefecture. We focused on the effects of the nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） fertilizers on the production performance and nutritive value of pasture species to for provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of artificial grassland. The experiment had an orthogonal design with three factors （plant variety， fertilization and mixture of plant varieties）. The four pasture species were Secal cereale， Avena sativa， Vicia sativa and Vicia tibetica， five fertilization treatments were no fertilizer （CK）； 75 kg·ha^-1 urea （N）；375 kg·ha^-1 NH₄H₂PO₄（P）； 22500 kg·ha^-1 organic manure （OM） and 75 kg·ha^-1 urea+375 kg·ha^-1 NH₄H₂PO₄+22500 kg·ha^-1 organic manure （NPOM）. Data for the sown pastures were evaluated by grey associative analysis， membership function analysis， and similar priority ratio analysis， principal component analysis. The four models and their evaluation results were subjected to a weighted analysis. We analyzed 16 main traits： plant height， growth rate， fresh-dry weight ratio， stem-leaf ratio， number of tillers/branches， sowing rate， stem diameter， total vegetation cover， crude protein content， crude fat content， crude fiber content， ash content， water content， non-nitrogenous components content， calcium content， phosphorus content and dry yield on sown pasture to explore the effects of main traits on dry yield. Then， we used simple correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis to determine which traits were most closely related to dry yield. The results showed that： 1） Compared with CK， the N， P， OM and NPOM fertilization treatments significantly affected the production performance and nutritive value of pasture species. In general， N and P addition advanced the phenological development of pasture species by 1 to 12 days. 2） Plant height， sowing rate， stem-leaf ratio， number of tillers/branches， total vegetation cover and yield showed positive partial correlations with dry yield. 3）The highest dry weight of pasture species was under the N and NPOM treatments. The optimal fertilization schemes were NP and NPOM. The top four pasture species/fertilization combinations were ranked， from highest productivity to lowest， S. cereale +V. tibetica （NOPM）>A. sativa （NP）>S. cereale +V. tibetica （NP）>A. sativa+V. sativa （NOPM）. Therefore， at an appropriate planting density， these pasture species are suitable for the development of high-yielding artificial grassland in Northern Tibet. The results indicated excellent performance of A.sativa+ V. tibeticaunder NPOM and S. cereale +V. tibetica NP， the multivariate evaluation indicated that their yield was stable and that they are suitable for wide utilization in Tibet.

Key words: Northern Tibet, sown pasture, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, correlation analysis, comprehensive evaluation

Yan PENG, Jing-yuan SUN, Su-jie MA, Xiang-tao WANG, Lei SUN, Xue-hong WEI. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on production performance and nutritive value of pasture species in Northern Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 52-64.

Figures/Tables 6

References 42

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播种处理 Sowing treatment	播种组合 Sowing	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	编号 Number	播种量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)
单播Single cropping	绿麦Secale	30.54±0.97	D_L	300
	燕麦A. sativa	35.03±0.32	D_Y	300
	箭筈豌豆V. sativa	41.39±0.85	D_J	105
	藏豌豆V.tibetica	47.48±0.46	D_Z	225
混播Mixture cropping	绿麦+箭筈豌豆Secale+V. sativa	-	H_(L+J)	150+52.5
	绿麦+藏豌豆Secale+V.tibetica	-	H_(L+Z)	150+112.5
	燕麦+箭筈豌豆A.sativa+V. sativa	-	H_(Y+J)	150+52.5
	燕麦+藏豌豆A.sativa+V.tibetica	-	H_(Y+Z)	150+112.5

播种处理 Sowing treatment	播种组合 Sowing	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	编号 Number	播种量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)
单播Single cropping	绿麦Secale	30.54±0.97	D_L	300
	燕麦A. sativa	35.03±0.32	D_Y	300
	箭筈豌豆V. sativa	41.39±0.85	D_J	105
	藏豌豆V.tibetica	47.48±0.46	D_Z	225
混播Mixture cropping	绿麦+箭筈豌豆Secale+V. sativa	-	H_(L+J)	150+52.5
	绿麦+藏豌豆Secale+V.tibetica	-	H_(L+Z)	150+112.5
	燕麦+箭筈豌豆A.sativa+V. sativa	-	H_(Y+J)	150+52.5
	燕麦+藏豌豆A.sativa+V.tibetica	-	H_(Y+Z)	150+112.5

播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	物候期Phenology (月-日 Month-day)							生育期Growth period （d）
播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	出苗期Seeding	分蘖/枝期Tillering or branching	拔节/抽茎期Jointing or sampling	抽穗/现蕾期Budding or heading	开花期 Florescence	蜡熟/结荚期 Ripening or podding	成熟期Mature	生育期Growth period （d）
D_L	CK	6-20	7-5	8-5	9-6	9-14	9-17	9-27	100
	N	6-17	7-3	8-4	9-4	9-13	9-15	9-23	99
	NP	6-16	7-1	7-27	8-30	9-5	9-9	9-15	92
	OM	6-14	6-30	8-3	9-3	9-10	9-13	9-20	99
	NPOM	6-15	7-2	8-1	9-1	9-6	9-10	9-16	94
D_Y	CK	6-22	7-5	8-5	9-8	9-17	9-23	9-30	101
	N	6-20	7-4	8-4	9-7	9-15	9-22	9-27	100
	NP	6-18	7-2	7-26	8-31	9-7	9-16	9-22	97
	OM	6-15	6-29	8-1	9-5	9-13	9-20	9-22	100
	NPOM	6-19	7-3	7-28	9-1	9-9	9-18	9-24	98
D_J	CK	6-22	7-9	8-10	9-12	9-19	-	-	-
	N	6-20	7-7	8-8	9-11	9-18	-	-	-
	NP	6-18	7-5	8-3	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	OM	6-15	7-1	8-6	9-10	9-17	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-19	7-5	8-5	9-9	9-17	-	-	-
D_Z	CK	6-23	7-7	8-8	9-8	9-17	-	-	-
	N	6-21	7-6	8-6	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	NP	6-20	7-3	8-5	9-4	9-12	-	-	-
	OM	6-16	7-4	8-4	9-5	9-14	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-18	7-4	8-5	9-4	9-13	-	-	-
H_(L+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-4	9-12	9-19	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-3	9-11	9-17	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-3	7-29	9-1	9-6	9-14	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-4	8-1	8-30	9-7	9-16	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-18	7-3	7-30	9-1	9-7	9-15	9-25	100
H_(L+Z)	CK	6-20	7-6	8-6	9-10	9-18	9-25	10-1	104
	N	6-19	7-4	8-4	9-8	9-17	9-24	9-30	104
	NP	6-17	7-1	8-1	9-4	9-12	9-22	9-29	105
	OM	6-14	7-3	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-23	9-30	109
	NPOM	6-17	7-2	8-1	9-5	9-14	9-23	9-29	105
H_(Y+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-8	9-16	9-20	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-19	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-5	7-28	9-5	9-11	9-17	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-6	8-1	9-6	9-13	9-17	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-17	7-5	7-29	9-5	9-12	9-17	9-24	100
H_(Y+Z)	CK	6-20	7-10	8-4	9-9	9-17	9-22	9-30	103
	N	6-19	7-7	8-2	9-8	9-16	9-21	9-28	102
	NP	6-18	7-6	7-27	9-6	9-12	9-17	9-25	100
	OM	6-15	7-6	7-30	9-7	9-15	9-20	9-27	105
	NPOM	6-17	7-6	7-29	9-7	9-13	9-18	9-25	101

播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	物候期Phenology (月-日 Month-day)							生育期Growth period （d）
播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	出苗期Seeding	分蘖/枝期Tillering or branching	拔节/抽茎期Jointing or sampling	抽穗/现蕾期Budding or heading	开花期 Florescence	蜡熟/结荚期 Ripening or podding	成熟期Mature	生育期Growth period （d）
D_L	CK	6-20	7-5	8-5	9-6	9-14	9-17	9-27	100
	N	6-17	7-3	8-4	9-4	9-13	9-15	9-23	99
	NP	6-16	7-1	7-27	8-30	9-5	9-9	9-15	92
	OM	6-14	6-30	8-3	9-3	9-10	9-13	9-20	99
	NPOM	6-15	7-2	8-1	9-1	9-6	9-10	9-16	94
D_Y	CK	6-22	7-5	8-5	9-8	9-17	9-23	9-30	101
	N	6-20	7-4	8-4	9-7	9-15	9-22	9-27	100
	NP	6-18	7-2	7-26	8-31	9-7	9-16	9-22	97
	OM	6-15	6-29	8-1	9-5	9-13	9-20	9-22	100
	NPOM	6-19	7-3	7-28	9-1	9-9	9-18	9-24	98
D_J	CK	6-22	7-9	8-10	9-12	9-19	-	-	-
	N	6-20	7-7	8-8	9-11	9-18	-	-	-
	NP	6-18	7-5	8-3	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	OM	6-15	7-1	8-6	9-10	9-17	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-19	7-5	8-5	9-9	9-17	-	-	-
D_Z	CK	6-23	7-7	8-8	9-8	9-17	-	-	-
	N	6-21	7-6	8-6	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	NP	6-20	7-3	8-5	9-4	9-12	-	-	-
	OM	6-16	7-4	8-4	9-5	9-14	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-18	7-4	8-5	9-4	9-13	-	-	-
H_(L+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-4	9-12	9-19	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-3	9-11	9-17	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-3	7-29	9-1	9-6	9-14	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-4	8-1	8-30	9-7	9-16	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-18	7-3	7-30	9-1	9-7	9-15	9-25	100
H_(L+Z)	CK	6-20	7-6	8-6	9-10	9-18	9-25	10-1	104
	N	6-19	7-4	8-4	9-8	9-17	9-24	9-30	104
	NP	6-17	7-1	8-1	9-4	9-12	9-22	9-29	105
	OM	6-14	7-3	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-23	9-30	109
	NPOM	6-17	7-2	8-1	9-5	9-14	9-23	9-29	105
H_(Y+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-8	9-16	9-20	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-19	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-5	7-28	9-5	9-11	9-17	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-6	8-1	9-6	9-13	9-17	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-17	7-5	7-29	9-5	9-12	9-17	9-24	100
H_(Y+Z)	CK	6-20	7-10	8-4	9-9	9-17	9-22	9-30	103
	N	6-19	7-7	8-2	9-8	9-16	9-21	9-28	102
	NP	6-18	7-6	7-27	9-6	9-12	9-17	9-25	100
	OM	6-15	7-6	7-30	9-7	9-15	9-20	9-27	105
	NPOM	6-17	7-6	7-29	9-7	9-13	9-18	9-25	101

播种Sowing	处理 Treatment	株高 Height （cm）	生长速率Growth rate （cm·d^-1）	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	鲜干比 Fresh dry weight ratio	茎叶比 Stem leaf ratio	分蘖/枝数 Tiller/branch number	出苗率 Seeding rate （%）	茎粗 Stem diameter （cm）	盖度 Total cover （%）
D_L	CK	36.37±3.78E	0.55±0.22a	6244.90±1556.08B	1.47±0.07C	1.24±0.01A	3.00±1.15b	34.88±5.31b	0.93±0.16B	81.67±2.89b
	N	43.94±3.92D	0.68±0.16a	8115.47±736.81A	1.53±0.10C	0.64±0.05B	3.40±1.14b	33.80±6.55b	1.63±0.20A	84.33±1.15a
	NP	79.90±6.13A	1.30±0.24a	12009.66±971.34A	2.07±0.03A	0.34±0.04C	4.80±0.45a	44.25±3.27a	1.55±0.29A	88.67±3.51a
	OM	45.68±4.71CD	0.71±0.16a	10400.37±628.54A	1.79±0.04B	0.53±0.14B	4.20±1.79b	32.85±2.09b	0.80±0.10B	84.33±4.04a
	NPOM	62.56±4.46B	1.02±0.14a	10981.48±1450.43A	1.98±0.03A	0.39±0.05C	4.40±1.52b	42.89±6.99a	1.66±0.21A	87.67±5.51a
D_Y	CK	49.20±5.33E	0.66±0.25a	9810.19±1639.45B	1.44±0.27b	1.40±0.59a	3.50±1.91C	35.96±4.74C	1.70±0.14A	90.00±2.65b
	N	57.37±5.45D	0.80±0.19a	13107.66±2606.18B	1.61±0.25ab	1.35±0.40ab	4.00±0.82C	38.92±2.12C	1.73±0.17A	91.33±3.21ab
	NP	81.01±8.29A	1.14±0.22a	18901.12±2517.49A	2.09±0.12a	0.65±0.03b	10.57±0.96A	58.33±4.15A	1.87±0.15A	95.00±3.00a
	OM	63.10±3.47C	0.90±0.18a	17557.47±2880.45A	1.74±0.06ab	1.28±0.06ab	4.50±1.29C	44.53±3.44B	1.20±0.16B	93.33±1.53ab
	NPOM	65.07±2.28B	0.91±0.22a	17728.64±2087.13A	1.99±0.20a	1.06±0.53ab	7.75±3.30B	49.20±3.89B	1.90±0.26A	94.67±2.52ab
D_J	CK	4.17±0.56C	0.04±0.03b	3246.30±694.70b	1.80±0.12b	1.29±0.06A	3.60±0.89B	25.80±8.11B	0.50±0.10AB	4.67±1.15B
	N	4.56±0.55C	0.03±0.01b	3359.65±646.93b	1.90±0.08b	0.87±0.03B	4.20±1.10B	32.12±8.70B	0.40±0.10B	5.00±2.00B
	NP	8.32±1.05A	0.07±0.03a	5035.76±1031.56a	2.17±0.15a	0.67±0.03C	6.20±0.84A	49.49±4.83A	0.50±0.10AB	21.67±5.77A
	OM	4.86±0.30BC	0.03±0.01b	4069.37±653.19ab	1.97±0.06ab	0.73±0.02C	4.40±1.52B	36.86±12.67AB	0.15±0.05C	11.67±2.89AB
	NPOM	5.23±0.60B	0.04±0.01b	4399.04±339.10ab	2.08±0.06a	0.70±0.02C	5.20±1.30A	40.54±6.38AB	0.60±0.10A	22.33±11.24A
D_Z	CK	43.70±2.27D	0.62±0.32a	7453.94±1264.63b	1.99±0.03C	1.40±0.71a	6.00±1.00b	38.36±4.96a	1.17±0.15C	28.33±5.77a
	N	49.54±2.96C	0.70±0.29a	8255.09±849.08b	2.13±0.20C	1.04±0.20ab	8.00±1.73ab	42.87±4.66a	1.35±0.07BC	30.00±5.00a
	NP	61.23±5.76B	0.83±0.32a	9857.59±415.03a	3.16±0.08A	0.73±0.01b	9.67±1.53ab	47.10±6.57a	1.43±0.06B	35.33±4.62a
	OM	53.34±2.92C	0.74±0.31a	8990.35±1226.46a	2.59±0.04B	0.99±0.22ab	8.33±2.52ab	43.72±5.76a	1.17±0.06C	30.00±5.00a
	NPOM	69.46±6.95A	1.02±0.68a	9405.94±1189.95a	3.03±0.23A	0.81±0.11ab	10.67±3.06a	46.54±3.88a	1.97±0.21A	34.33±6.03a
H_(L+J)	CK	8.61±0.80BC	0.09±0.07a	9452.38±1619.92c	1.40±0.08b	1.54±0.01A	4.00±0.55C	26.74±9.67B	1.10±0.20a	60.00±5.00C
	N	14.88±4.21B	0.21±0.27a	10122.70±585.24c	1.63±0.27ab	1.31±0.02A	4.20±1.30C	35.21±7.60B	1.20±0.10ab	64.67±0.58B
	NP	35.14±4.32A	0.59±0.80a	12328.31±503.35b	1.99±0.04ab	0.30±0.03B	5.30±0.93AB	55.75±8.31A	1.25±0.07ab	71.67±2.89AB
	OM	30.32±4.94A	0.51±0.81a	11714.29±1945.38bc	1.75±0.32ab	1.27±0.33A	4.55±0.80BC	52.32±4.79A	1.00±0.10b	70.00±8.66B
	NPOM	37.93±6.34A	0.62±0.84a	12896.44±1839.76a	2.06±0.08a	0.28±0.01B	6.92±0.64A	59.75±1.38A	1.40±0.10a	80.00±5.00A
H_(L+Z)	CK	40.78±4.70C	0.68±0.76a	11703.10±1025.35b	1.83±0.16b	1.69±0.25a	3.25±0.85b	37.41±7.30C	1.25±0.10a	31.00±3.61C
	N	45.77±5.37BC	0.77±0.86a	11794.07±1342.46b	1.91±0.04ab	1.53±0.20a	3.50±1.00b	39.61±7.73C	1.21±0.10a	36.67±2.89C
	NP	55.70±6.36AB	0.88±0.72a	13562.69±1968.38ab	2.18±0.25ab	1.30±0.07a	5.67±1.70ab	56.09±14.06AB	1.37±0.13a	60.00±5.00AB
	OM	48.64±9.21BC	0.78±0.70a	12118.23±1238.16ab	2.03±0.03ab	1.56±0.06a	6.42±2.50a	43.76±8.31C	1.06±0.10a	53.33±2.89B
	NPOM	67.71±11.09A	1.09±0.95a	14532.45±1640.01a	2.26±0.16a	1.22±0.02a	8.17±1.70a	62.07±5.09A	1.38±0.14a	63.33±2.89A
H_(Y+J)	CK	21.55±4.92a	0.27±0.12a	11384.79±1275.74B	1.49±0.06B	0.85±0.02a	3.83±1.00b	44.93±7.73B	1.47±0.21BC	67.67±2.52D
	N	27.48±4.20a	0.33±0.17a	12407.93±993.49B	1.72±0.01B	0.83±0.17ab	4.25±0.85ab	54.03±6.87A	1.50±0.26AB	73.33±2.89C
	NP	32.50±8.18a	0.49±0.34a	19134.59±1542.91A	2.13±0.18A	0.51±0.02bc	5.58±2.10ab	62.06±6.00A	1.67±0.15A	87.33±2.08A
	OM	27.25±5.04a	0.38±0.22a	18281.19±4206.47A	1.79±0.04B	0.52±0.02bc	5.33±2.46ab	60.01±6.65A	1.23±0.15B	81.67±2.89B
	NPOM	38.53±5.61a	0.56±0.35a	20124.42±2307.11A	2.17±0.18A	0.46±0.01c	6.33±2.58a	64.57±5.11A	1.87±0.25A	87.67±0.58A
H_(Y+Z)	CK	24.31±2.86C	0.33±0.21a	12139.92±1101.78D	1.62±0.06D	0.76±0.01a	6.83±2.60b	37.49±6.61B	1.73±0.17a	73.33±2.89C
	N	28.27±3.29B	0.37±0.14a	13046.82±1903.63D	1.78±0.03C	0.70±0.03ab	7.75±3.98b	43.67±6.80B	1.70±0.10a	76.67±2.89BC
	NP	36.76±2.80AB	0.51±0.31a	20434.44±2231.31B	2.11±0.02B	0.64±0.03ab	8.50±3.32b	59.78±7.87A	1.83±0.17a	86.67±1.53A
	OM	31.67±5.53BC	0.43±0.19a	19890.07±2840.63BC	1.88±0.03C	0.65±0.15ab	8.00±4.47b	49.30±9.80A	1.80±0.10a	80.33±0.58B
	NPOM	42.26±5.96A	0.64±0.48a	21047.83±2414.52AB	2.30±0.10A	0.61±0.02b	9.17±4.20a	67.06±9.66A	1.87±0.15a	88.00±3.00A