Dynamic changes in biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of triticeae forages

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021445

Abstract

Abstract:

To elucidate the dynamics of biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of triticeae forages， seven species or varieties of triticeae forages （rye， winter triticale， winter wheat， grain-forage triticale， oats， barley， spring triticale） were studied. The growth and development process from the jointing stage to the dough stage and the dynamic changes in dry matter yield and nutrient content were analyzed for crops in the North China Plain from 2016 to 2018. It was found that rye， winter triticale， winter wheat， grain-forage triticale generally reached the milk stage in mid to late May， while oats， barley and spring triticale generally reached the milk stage in early June. The average biomass of the seven tested triticeae forages increased from 2.72 t·ha^-1 at the jointing stage to 10.19 t·ha^-1 at the dough stage. The biomass of winter triticale at each growth stage was significantly higher than that of the other six triticeae forages tested （P<0.05）， and was 61.4% higher than the average for those six crops. The crude protein content of all seven crops decreased gradually as the crops developed and matured， while the starch content increased gradually. The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents increased gradually up to flowering， but decreased slightly thereafter. The software Milk 2006 was used to perform a multi-trait evaluation of the feeding quality of the seven triticeae forages. This analysis indicated that the feeding quality of winter wheat was better than that of the other six tested crops after the booting stage， and the milk yield per ton dry matter was predicted to be 6.9% higher on average than that of the other six crops. Multivariate analysis of biomass and feeding quality across growth stages showed that the milk yield per hectare of winter triticale from the jointing stage to the dough stage was on average 46.3% higher （P<0.05） than that of the other six tested crops. In this research， on the North China Plain， winter triticale performed best among the tested crops and it is recommended that the planting of winter triticale should be promoted.

Key words: triticeae forages, biomass, nutrient content, dynamic change, Milk 2006

Yong-liang YOU, Hai-ming ZHAO, Yuan LI, Rui-xin WU, Gui-bo LIU, Jian-dong ZHOU, Jun-feng CHEN. Dynamic changes in biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of triticeae forages[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(6): 189-201.

Figures/Tables 7

References 31

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种类Species	品种Varieties	来源Sources of varieties
黑麦Rye	冬牧70 Dongmu NO.70	河北农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
	黔黑636 Qianhei NO. 636	贵州农业科学院 Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	冀黑1号 Jihei NO. 1	河北农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
冬性饲用小黑麦 Winter triticale	中饲1048 Zhongsi NO. 1048	中国农科院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
	中饲237 Zhongsi NO. 237
	中饲828 Zhongsi NO. 828
冬小麦 Winter wheat	邯4589 Han NO. 4589	邯郸市农业科学院 Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	石麦22 Shimai NO. 22	石家庄市农业科学院Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	衡麦2111 Hengmai NO. 2111	河北农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
粮饲兼用型小黑麦 Grain and forage triticale	Pingpong	斯洛伐克 Slovakia
	Pletomax
	Kendo
燕麦Oat	青引2号 Qingyin NO. 2	青海大学农牧学院 Collage of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry， Qinghai University
	青燕1号Qingyan NO. 1
	青海甜燕麦 Qinghaitianyanmai
青稞 Barley	藏青13 Zangqing NO. 13	西藏自治区农牧科学院 Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
	藏青2000 Zangqing NO. 2000
	山青9号 Shanqing NO. 9
春性饲用小黑麦 Spring triticale	新小黑麦3号 Xinxiaoheimai NO.3	石河子大学 Shihezi University
	新小黑麦4号Xinxiaoheimai NO.4
	11H-6

种类Species	品种Varieties	来源Sources of varieties
黑麦Rye	冬牧70 Dongmu NO.70	河北农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
	黔黑636 Qianhei NO. 636	贵州农业科学院 Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	冀黑1号 Jihei NO. 1	河北农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
冬性饲用小黑麦 Winter triticale	中饲1048 Zhongsi NO. 1048	中国农科院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
	中饲237 Zhongsi NO. 237
	中饲828 Zhongsi NO. 828
冬小麦 Winter wheat	邯4589 Han NO. 4589	邯郸市农业科学院 Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	石麦22 Shimai NO. 22	石家庄市农业科学院Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
	衡麦2111 Hengmai NO. 2111	河北农林科学院旱作农业研究所 Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
粮饲兼用型小黑麦 Grain and forage triticale	Pingpong	斯洛伐克 Slovakia
	Pletomax
	Kendo
燕麦Oat	青引2号 Qingyin NO. 2	青海大学农牧学院 Collage of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry， Qinghai University
	青燕1号Qingyan NO. 1
	青海甜燕麦 Qinghaitianyanmai
青稞 Barley	藏青13 Zangqing NO. 13	西藏自治区农牧科学院 Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences
	藏青2000 Zangqing NO. 2000
	山青9号 Shanqing NO. 9
春性饲用小黑麦 Spring triticale	新小黑麦3号 Xinxiaoheimai NO.3	石河子大学 Shihezi University
	新小黑麦4号Xinxiaoheimai NO.4
	11H-6

作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	拔节期Jointing stage			孕穗期Booting stage			抽穗期 Heading stage
作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）
秋播作物 Autumn-sown crops	黑麦Rye	25-Mar	156	183.1	10-Apr	172	293.3	21-Apr	183	407.8
	冬性饲用小黑麦Winter triticale	5-Apr	167	249.5	24-Apr	186	451.6	5-May	197	593.4
	冬小麦Winter wheat	6-Apr	168	255.2	18-Apr	180	373.3	28-Apr	190	495.1
	粮饲兼用型小黑麦Grain and forage triticale	12-Apr	174	320.5	29-Apr	191	508.2	9-May	201	650.0
春播作物 Spring-sown crops	燕麦Oat	27-Apr	50	359.4	10-May	63	537.8	18-May	70	670.1
	青稞Barley	30-Apr	53	401.3	12-May	64	566.1	20-May	73	706.2
	春性饲用小黑麦Spring triticale	28-Apr	51	363.2	7-May	60	485.9	15-May	67	609.6
作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	开花期 Flowering stage			乳熟期 Milk stage			蜡熟期 Dough stage
作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）
秋播作物 Autumn-sown crops	黑麦Rye	28-Apr	190	496.4	14-May	206	726.1	1-Jun	224	1064.6
	冬性饲用小黑麦Winter triticale	11-May	203	676.4	22-May	214	870.4	11-Jun	234	1252.3
	冬小麦Winter wheat	3-May	195	565.1	17-May	209	775.6	4-Jun	227	1119.4
	粮饲兼用型小黑麦Grain and forage triticale	13-May	205	719.9	28-May	220	981.1	16-Jun	239	1354.0
春播作物 Spring-sown crops	燕麦Oat	22-May	75	751.2	31-May	84	922.7	20-Jun	103	1319.0
	青稞Barley	23-May	76	767.7	1-Jun	85	951.7	18-Jun	102	1284.0
	春性饲用小黑麦Spring triticale	20-May	72	691.4	3-Jun	87	985.3	21-Jun	104	1336.1

作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	拔节期Jointing stage			孕穗期Booting stage			抽穗期 Heading stage
作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）
秋播作物 Autumn-sown crops	黑麦Rye	25-Mar	156	183.1	10-Apr	172	293.3	21-Apr	183	407.8
	冬性饲用小黑麦Winter triticale	5-Apr	167	249.5	24-Apr	186	451.6	5-May	197	593.4
	冬小麦Winter wheat	6-Apr	168	255.2	18-Apr	180	373.3	28-Apr	190	495.1
	粮饲兼用型小黑麦Grain and forage triticale	12-Apr	174	320.5	29-Apr	191	508.2	9-May	201	650.0
春播作物 Spring-sown crops	燕麦Oat	27-Apr	50	359.4	10-May	63	537.8	18-May	70	670.1
	青稞Barley	30-Apr	53	401.3	12-May	64	566.1	20-May	73	706.2
	春性饲用小黑麦Spring triticale	28-Apr	51	363.2	7-May	60	485.9	15-May	67	609.6
作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	开花期 Flowering stage			乳熟期 Milk stage			蜡熟期 Dough stage
作物类别 Crop types	种类 Species	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）	日期Date （日-月 Day-month）	累计生长天数 Accumulative growth days （d）	累计GDD Accumulative GDD （℃）
秋播作物 Autumn-sown crops	黑麦Rye	28-Apr	190	496.4	14-May	206	726.1	1-Jun	224	1064.6
	冬性饲用小黑麦Winter triticale	11-May	203	676.4	22-May	214	870.4	11-Jun	234	1252.3
	冬小麦Winter wheat	3-May	195	565.1	17-May	209	775.6	4-Jun	227	1119.4
	粮饲兼用型小黑麦Grain and forage triticale	13-May	205	719.9	28-May	220	981.1	16-Jun	239	1354.0
春播作物 Spring-sown crops	燕麦Oat	22-May	75	751.2	31-May	84	922.7	20-Jun	103	1319.0
	青稞Barley	23-May	76	767.7	1-Jun	85	951.7	18-Jun	102	1284.0
	春性饲用小黑麦Spring triticale	20-May	72	691.4	3-Jun	87	985.3	21-Jun	104	1336.1

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