Effects of lactic acid bacteria additives on citrus fruit and corn stalk fermentation characteristics and odor characteristics of mixed silage

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024350

Abstract

Abstract:

Feed odor plays an important role in animal feed preference， feed intake and growth rate. However， currently， research on the odor characteristics of feed is extremely limited. In this study， headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to analyze the effects of adding Lactobacillus plantarum （LPA group） or not adding LPA （CK group） inoculant on the fermentation quality， bacterial flora structure and volatile compounds of mixed silage of inferior citrus （Citrus reticulata） fruits and corn （Zea mays） stalks. It was found that， compared with the CK group， silages in the LPA group had significantly reduced pH， acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen content （P<0.05）， and significantly increased lactic acid content （P<0.05）. Lactobacillus was the dominant bacterial genus in both silage groups. However， the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the LPA group was higher， and the relative abundance of Klebsiella was lower than in the CK group. Carbohydrate metabolism was the most important metabolic activity in silage. Compared with the LPA-group silages， the relative abundance of genes related to fructose and mannose metabolism， and starch and sucrose metabolism were decreased in CK silage. D-limonene was the most abundant terpene compound in the silages. The CK-group silages had increased content of acid and alcohol compounds and reduced the content of D-limonene， compared to the LPA-group silages. The relative abundance of Klebsiella was extremely significantly positively correlated with the relative content of acetic acid and ethanol （P<0.01）. In conclusion， adding L. plantarum increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus， facilitated retention of D-limonene， and improved the fermentation quality and flavor composition of mixed silage feed incorporating citrus fruit.

Key words: over-ripe citrus fruit, ensiling, fermentation characteristics, odor characteristics

Rong-rong LI, Rui CAI, Xi XU, Rui TIAN. Effects of lactic acid bacteria additives on citrus fruit and corn stalk fermentation characteristics and odor characteristics of mixed silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 191-198.

Figures/Tables 5

References 25

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功能注释 Function annotation	注释分类 Annotation classification	基因丰度 Gene abundance
功能注释 Function annotation	注释分类 Annotation classification	ML	CK	LPA
一级注释 First level annotation	代谢类Metabolic class	70.85	74.61	75.55
	细胞转化类Cell transforming class	8.28	4.70	4.72
	基因信息处理类Genetic information processing class	3.34	4.41	4.33
二级注释 Second level annotation	碳水化合物代谢Carbohydrate metabolism	9.06	12.68	13.73
	辅助因子和维生素的代谢Cofactors and vitamin metabolism	3.30	2.93	2.87
	核苷酸代谢Nucleotide metabolism	1.89	2.55	2.51
	氨基酸代谢Amino acid metabolism	7.23	6.40	6.28
	能量代谢Energetic metabolism	3.28	3.23	3.26
	抗生素抗性Antibiotics resistance	1.43	1.12	0.74
三级注释 Third level annotation	碳代谢Carbon metabolism	2.30	2.44	2.46
	代谢路径Metabolic pathway	13.14	14.04	13.96
	次生代谢物生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites	5.31	6.17	6.17
	果糖和甘露糖代谢Fructose and mannose metabolism	0.53	1.02	1.27
	淀粉和蔗糖代谢Starch and sucrose metabolism	0.56	2.12	2.24
	脂肪酸代谢Fatty acid metabolism	1.15	0.95	0.97
	丙酮酸代谢Pyruvate metabolism	1.07	1.62	1.63
	维生素B6代谢Vitamin B6 metabolism	0.19	0.15	0.08
	氨基酸的生物合成Biosynthesis of amino acids	2.06	2.85	2.76
	组氨酸代谢Histidine metabolism	0.40	0.33	0.33
	磷酸转移酶系统Phosphotransferase system	0.46	2.73	2.89
	抗生素的生物合成Biosynthesis of antibiotics	3.33	2.06	1.64

功能注释 Function annotation	注释分类 Annotation classification	基因丰度 Gene abundance
功能注释 Function annotation	注释分类 Annotation classification	ML	CK	LPA
一级注释 First level annotation	代谢类Metabolic class	70.85	74.61	75.55
	细胞转化类Cell transforming class	8.28	4.70	4.72
	基因信息处理类Genetic information processing class	3.34	4.41	4.33
二级注释 Second level annotation	碳水化合物代谢Carbohydrate metabolism	9.06	12.68	13.73
	辅助因子和维生素的代谢Cofactors and vitamin metabolism	3.30	2.93	2.87
	核苷酸代谢Nucleotide metabolism	1.89	2.55	2.51
	氨基酸代谢Amino acid metabolism	7.23	6.40	6.28
	能量代谢Energetic metabolism	3.28	3.23	3.26
	抗生素抗性Antibiotics resistance	1.43	1.12	0.74
三级注释 Third level annotation	碳代谢Carbon metabolism	2.30	2.44	2.46
	代谢路径Metabolic pathway	13.14	14.04	13.96
	次生代谢物生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites	5.31	6.17	6.17
	果糖和甘露糖代谢Fructose and mannose metabolism	0.53	1.02	1.27
	淀粉和蔗糖代谢Starch and sucrose metabolism	0.56	2.12	2.24
	脂肪酸代谢Fatty acid metabolism	1.15	0.95	0.97
	丙酮酸代谢Pyruvate metabolism	1.07	1.62	1.63
	维生素B6代谢Vitamin B6 metabolism	0.19	0.15	0.08
	氨基酸的生物合成Biosynthesis of amino acids	2.06	2.85	2.76
	组氨酸代谢Histidine metabolism	0.40	0.33	0.33
	磷酸转移酶系统Phosphotransferase system	0.46	2.73	2.89
	抗生素的生物合成Biosynthesis of antibiotics	3.33	2.06	1.64

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