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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 206-214.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024400

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Mitigating effects of exogenous melatonin on alfalfa under salt stress

Yi-xin LIU(), Xiao-qing SUI(), Xin-yao WANG, Meng-qing LANG, Ling-zi-yin SUN, Er-ge JIER   

  1. College of Grassland,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Western Arid Desert Region,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,China
  • Received:2024-10-16 Revised:2024-12-02 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Xiao-qing SUI

Abstract:

Salt stress severely restricts plant growth and poses a threat to sustainable agricultural development. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that plays an important role in the resistance of different plants to various stressful environments. This research was conducted using ‘Gongnong No.1’ alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and the effect and regulation of physiological characteristics of alfalfa under 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress when different concentrations of exogenous melatonin were applied, were investigated in hydroponically grown plants. It was found that external application of 50, 100 and 150 μmol·L-1 melatonin alleviated various symptoms of physiological damage to alfalfa seedlings caused by salt stress. For example, under salt stress exogenous melatonin increased the content of osmotic adjustment substances such as free proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was increased under salt stress, and the damage of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide content and relative conductivity was reduced. Exogenous melatonin also increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and the content of antioxidant such as ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. Finally, exogenous melatonin increased the content of K+ and reduced the content of Na+ which acted to balance ionic homeostasis. However, 200 μmol·L-1 melatonin caused osmotic stress, oxidative stress and ionic imbalance in alfalfa. Principal component analysis indicated that catalase activity, hydrogen peroxide content and K+∶Na+ could be used as key indicators for evaluating alfalfa for salt tolerance. The results of a multi-trait evaluation of 17 physiological indexes using an affiliation function methodology showed that 150 μmol·L-1 melatonin treatment provided the most effective salt stress alleviation. A further insight from the results of this experiment was that melatonin enhances the resistance of alfalfa to salt stress in two ways: one is through direct pathways, such as direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species; the other is through indirect pathways, such as regulation of ionic homeostasis through the enhancement of metabolite content of the antioxidant enzyme system and osmoregulatory substances.

Key words: alfalfa, melatonin, salt stress, mitigating effects, comprehensive evaluation