Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 102-114.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020095
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Bai-ping SHA(), Ying-zhong XIE, Xue-qin GAO, Wei CAI, Bing-zhe FU
Received:
2020-03-06
Revised:
2020-04-20
Online:
2021-02-20
Published:
2021-01-19
Contact:
Bing-zhe FU
Bai-ping SHA, Ying-zhong XIE, Xue-qin GAO, Wei CAI, Bing-zhe FU. Effects of coupling of drip irrigation water and fertilizer on yield and quality of alfalfa in the yellow river irrigation district[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(2): 102-114.
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 1.18 | 0.75 | 19.48 | 106.53 | 9.85 | 77.23 | 17.73 |
20~40 | 1.08 | 0.72 | 20.00 | 69.45 | 8.16 | 64.38 | 17.48 |
40~60 | 0.96 | 0.60 | 19.55 | 89.96 | 7.25 | 60.60 | 15.48 |
Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 1.18 | 0.75 | 19.48 | 106.53 | 9.85 | 77.23 | 17.73 |
20~40 | 1.08 | 0.72 | 20.00 | 69.45 | 8.16 | 64.38 | 17.48 |
40~60 | 0.96 | 0.60 | 19.55 | 89.96 | 7.25 | 60.60 | 15.48 |
月份 Month | 月均温Monthly average temperature (℃) | 月降水量Monthly precipitation (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
三月 March | 7.8 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 4.2 |
四月 April | 10.1 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 10.5 |
五月 May | 15.2 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 7.4 | 9.8 | 12.4 |
六月 June | 23.5 | 18.4 | 20.0 | 11.4 | 14.5 | 11.3 |
七月 July | 25.3 | 19.8 | 22.7 | 95.1 | 98.9 | 104.5 |
八月 August | 24.8 | 25.5 | 25.6 | 38.4 | 42.3 | 45.4 |
九月 September | 20.5 | 25.7 | 24.8 | 7.2 | 9.0 | 10.7 |
十月 October | 11.1 | 12.4 | 14.4 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 6.0 |
总计 Total | - | - | - | 180.5 | 197.6 | 205.0 |
Table 2 Meteorological status in the past three years
月份 Month | 月均温Monthly average temperature (℃) | 月降水量Monthly precipitation (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
三月 March | 7.8 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 4.2 |
四月 April | 10.1 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 10.5 |
五月 May | 15.2 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 7.4 | 9.8 | 12.4 |
六月 June | 23.5 | 18.4 | 20.0 | 11.4 | 14.5 | 11.3 |
七月 July | 25.3 | 19.8 | 22.7 | 95.1 | 98.9 | 104.5 |
八月 August | 24.8 | 25.5 | 25.6 | 38.4 | 42.3 | 45.4 |
九月 September | 20.5 | 25.7 | 24.8 | 7.2 | 9.0 | 10.7 |
十月 October | 11.1 | 12.4 | 14.4 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 6.0 |
总计 Total | - | - | - | 180.5 | 197.6 | 205.0 |
水分处理 Water treatment | 灌水量 Irrigation quantity (m3·hm-2) | 肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment | 肥料量Fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O, kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
W1 | 4500 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) | ||
W2 | 5250 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) | ||
W3 | 6000 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) | ||
W4 | 6750 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) |
Table 3 Test design (factors)
水分处理 Water treatment | 灌水量 Irrigation quantity (m3·hm-2) | 肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment | 肥料量Fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O, kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
W1 | 4500 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) | ||
W2 | 5250 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) | ||
W3 | 6000 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) | ||
W4 | 6750 | F1 | 0 (0-0-0) |
F2 | 135 (30-45-60) | ||
F3 | 285 (75-90-120) | ||
F4 | 435 (120-135-180) | ||
F5 | 585 (165-180-240) |
项目 Items | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 生长速度 Growth rate (cm·d-1) | 一级分枝数 Number of first branches (No.) | 二级分枝数 Number of secondary branches (No.) | 叶茎比 Leaf stem ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分处理 Water treatment (W) | |||||
W1 | 86.10c | 1.79b | 102.43ab | 9.14c | 64a |
W2 | 86.32c | 1.81b | 103.23ab | 9.83ab | 67a |
W3 | 92.97a | 1.94a | 102.10b | 10.15a | 64a |
W4 | 87.21b | 1.82b | 107.41a | 9.65b | 61a |
肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment (F) | |||||
F1 | 82.22d | 1.71e | 111.32a | 9.44b | 69a |
F2 | 90.76a | 1.98a | 103.04b | 9.91a | 63bc |
F3 | 90.63a | 1.92b | 103.66b | 9.74ab | 65ab |
F4 | 89.51b | 1.84c | 98.32c | 9.69ab | 61c |
F5 | 87.63c | 1.78d | 102.60b | 9.68ab | 62bc |
年际 Year (Y) | |||||
2017 | 96.08a | 1.87a | 109.74a | 9.78a | 81a |
2018 | 86.38b | 1.73ab | 94.88b | 9.55ab | 63b |
2019 | 82.33c | 1.70b | 81.74c | 9.20b | 48c |
显著性检验(F值) Significance test (F value) | |||||
Y | 6.92* | 0.05NS | 28.03** | 1.42NS | 20.55** |
W | 38.17** | 3.05* | 1.95NS | 7.30** | 1.37NS |
F | 84.80** | 4.25** | 10.00** | 1.32NS | 4.18** |
Y×W | 3.19** | 1.27* | 1.07NS | 0.29NS | 0.81NS |
Y×F | 13.60** | 0.96* | 3.12NS | 0.43NS | 1.17NS |
W×F | 27.08** | 2.73** | 1.01NS | 1.11NS | 3.13** |
Y×W×F | 7.84** | 2.12* | 1.90* | 0.89NS | 1.69* |
Table 4 Effects of different water fertilizer treatment on the plants high and growth rate of alfalfa
项目 Items | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 生长速度 Growth rate (cm·d-1) | 一级分枝数 Number of first branches (No.) | 二级分枝数 Number of secondary branches (No.) | 叶茎比 Leaf stem ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分处理 Water treatment (W) | |||||
W1 | 86.10c | 1.79b | 102.43ab | 9.14c | 64a |
W2 | 86.32c | 1.81b | 103.23ab | 9.83ab | 67a |
W3 | 92.97a | 1.94a | 102.10b | 10.15a | 64a |
W4 | 87.21b | 1.82b | 107.41a | 9.65b | 61a |
肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment (F) | |||||
F1 | 82.22d | 1.71e | 111.32a | 9.44b | 69a |
F2 | 90.76a | 1.98a | 103.04b | 9.91a | 63bc |
F3 | 90.63a | 1.92b | 103.66b | 9.74ab | 65ab |
F4 | 89.51b | 1.84c | 98.32c | 9.69ab | 61c |
F5 | 87.63c | 1.78d | 102.60b | 9.68ab | 62bc |
年际 Year (Y) | |||||
2017 | 96.08a | 1.87a | 109.74a | 9.78a | 81a |
2018 | 86.38b | 1.73ab | 94.88b | 9.55ab | 63b |
2019 | 82.33c | 1.70b | 81.74c | 9.20b | 48c |
显著性检验(F值) Significance test (F value) | |||||
Y | 6.92* | 0.05NS | 28.03** | 1.42NS | 20.55** |
W | 38.17** | 3.05* | 1.95NS | 7.30** | 1.37NS |
F | 84.80** | 4.25** | 10.00** | 1.32NS | 4.18** |
Y×W | 3.19** | 1.27* | 1.07NS | 0.29NS | 0.81NS |
Y×F | 13.60** | 0.96* | 3.12NS | 0.43NS | 1.17NS |
W×F | 27.08** | 2.73** | 1.01NS | 1.11NS | 3.13** |
Y×W×F | 7.84** | 2.12* | 1.90* | 0.89NS | 1.69* |
项目Items | 干草产量Hay yield | 平均值 Average | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | ||
水分处理Water treatment (W) | ||||
W1 | 19700.31b | 13312.52c | 11943.59c | 15144.40c |
W2 | 20865.49a | 14158.75b | 12000.88c | 15353.31bc |
W3 | 21845.64a | 15364.84a | 13851.51a | 17113.99a |
W4 | 21377.08a | 14312.09b | 12574.54b | 15937.37b |
肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment (F) | ||||
F1 | 17371.94d | 12035.02d | 10514.41d | 13140.46c |
F2 | 23004.61a | 15382.69a | 13953.35a | 17588.55a |
F3 | 22512.69a | 14759.88bc | 13251.16a | 16924.57ab |
F4 | 20205.28c | 14821.65b | 12682.75c | 15819.89b |
F5 | 21641.13b | 14436.01c | 12561.49c | 15962.88b |
显著性检验(F值)Significance test (F value) | ||||
W | 82.22** | 68.86** | 37.92** | 15.65** |
F | 74.99** | 98.79** | 50.71** | 14.53** |
W×F | 22.01** | 32.03** | 14.57** | 0.64** |
Table 5 Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on grass hay yield in different years (kg·hm-2)
项目Items | 干草产量Hay yield | 平均值 Average | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | ||
水分处理Water treatment (W) | ||||
W1 | 19700.31b | 13312.52c | 11943.59c | 15144.40c |
W2 | 20865.49a | 14158.75b | 12000.88c | 15353.31bc |
W3 | 21845.64a | 15364.84a | 13851.51a | 17113.99a |
W4 | 21377.08a | 14312.09b | 12574.54b | 15937.37b |
肥料处理 Fertilizer treatment (F) | ||||
F1 | 17371.94d | 12035.02d | 10514.41d | 13140.46c |
F2 | 23004.61a | 15382.69a | 13953.35a | 17588.55a |
F3 | 22512.69a | 14759.88bc | 13251.16a | 16924.57ab |
F4 | 20205.28c | 14821.65b | 12682.75c | 15819.89b |
F5 | 21641.13b | 14436.01c | 12561.49c | 15962.88b |
显著性检验(F值)Significance test (F value) | ||||
W | 82.22** | 68.86** | 37.92** | 15.65** |
F | 74.99** | 98.79** | 50.71** | 14.53** |
W×F | 22.01** | 32.03** | 14.57** | 0.64** |
项目 Items | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) | 中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 相对饲喂价值RFV |
---|---|---|---|---|
水分处理 Water treatment (W) | ||||
W1 | 19.15b | 22.19ab | 40.23a | 166.71d |
W2 | 19.51a | 21.78b | 39.19c | 170.98a |
W3 | 19.12b | 22.30a | 39.73b | 167.94c |
W4 | 18.75c | 21.73b | 40.33a | 169.52b |
肥料处理Fertilizer treatment (F) | ||||
F1 | 18.93c | 22.39a | 39.98b | 167.57b |
F2 | 18.99c | 21.91a | 40.34a | 166.09bc |
F3 | 19.38a | 22.36a | 40.30a | 165.91c |
F4 | 19.20b | 22.08a | 39.68c | 172.13a |
F5 | 19.16b | 21.26b | 39.07d | 172.24a |
年限 Year (Y) | ||||
2017 | 19.70a | 21.38b | 37.69b | 180.40a |
2018 | 18.99b | 21.70b | 40.91a | 164.07b |
2019 | 18.70c | 22.93a | 41.02a | 161.90b |
显著性检验(F值) Significance test (F value) | ||||
Y | 61.56** | 69.71** | 79.91** | 96.53** |
W | 86.11** | 2.74NS | 58.68** | 26.67** |
F | 20.67** | 4.64** | 29.85** | 31.99** |
Y×W | 37.78** | 4.17** | 122.28** | 70.07** |
Y×F | 17.59** | 2.67** | 19.52** | 25.76** |
W×F | 13.56** | 4.27** | 8.11** | 17.44** |
Y×W×F | 24.44** | 3.49** | 23.26** | 21.32** |
Table 6 Effects of different water, fertilizer and planting years on the nutritional quality of alfalfa
项目 Items | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) | 中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 相对饲喂价值RFV |
---|---|---|---|---|
水分处理 Water treatment (W) | ||||
W1 | 19.15b | 22.19ab | 40.23a | 166.71d |
W2 | 19.51a | 21.78b | 39.19c | 170.98a |
W3 | 19.12b | 22.30a | 39.73b | 167.94c |
W4 | 18.75c | 21.73b | 40.33a | 169.52b |
肥料处理Fertilizer treatment (F) | ||||
F1 | 18.93c | 22.39a | 39.98b | 167.57b |
F2 | 18.99c | 21.91a | 40.34a | 166.09bc |
F3 | 19.38a | 22.36a | 40.30a | 165.91c |
F4 | 19.20b | 22.08a | 39.68c | 172.13a |
F5 | 19.16b | 21.26b | 39.07d | 172.24a |
年限 Year (Y) | ||||
2017 | 19.70a | 21.38b | 37.69b | 180.40a |
2018 | 18.99b | 21.70b | 40.91a | 164.07b |
2019 | 18.70c | 22.93a | 41.02a | 161.90b |
显著性检验(F值) Significance test (F value) | ||||
Y | 61.56** | 69.71** | 79.91** | 96.53** |
W | 86.11** | 2.74NS | 58.68** | 26.67** |
F | 20.67** | 4.64** | 29.85** | 31.99** |
Y×W | 37.78** | 4.17** | 122.28** | 70.07** |
Y×F | 17.59** | 2.67** | 19.52** | 25.76** |
W×F | 13.56** | 4.27** | 8.11** | 17.44** |
Y×W×F | 24.44** | 3.49** | 23.26** | 21.32** |
年份 Year | 株高 Plant height | 生长速度 Growth rate | 一级分枝数 Number of first branches | 二级分枝数 Number of secondary branches | 叶茎比 Leaf-stem ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 0.3960 | 0.4041 | 0.3273 | 0.3418 | 0.2604 |
2018 | 0.4463 | 0.4656 | 0.3238 | 0.4325 | 0.3049 |
2019 | 0.4216 | 0.4730 | 0.3537 | 0.3828 | 0.3008 |
Table 7 Grey correlation analysis of alfalfa growth traits and hay yield in different years
年份 Year | 株高 Plant height | 生长速度 Growth rate | 一级分枝数 Number of first branches | 二级分枝数 Number of secondary branches | 叶茎比 Leaf-stem ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 0.3960 | 0.4041 | 0.3273 | 0.3418 | 0.2604 |
2018 | 0.4463 | 0.4656 | 0.3238 | 0.4325 | 0.3049 |
2019 | 0.4216 | 0.4730 | 0.3537 | 0.3828 | 0.3008 |
处理Treatments | IWUE | PFP | CP | RFV | 干草产量Hay yield | 相似程度Similarity | 排序Sorting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 7 | 20 | 74 | 18 |
W1F2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 19 | 6 | 39 | 5 |
W1F3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 47 | 8 |
W1F4 | 4 | 11 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 57 | 14 |
W1F5 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 46 | 7 |
W2F1 | 14 | 17 | 6 | 5 | 19 | 61 | 15 |
W2F2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 33 | 3 |
W2F3 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 16 | 9 | 41 | 6 |
W2F4 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 38 | 4 |
W2F5 | 10 | 16 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 49 | 9 |
W3F1 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 17 | 79 | 19 |
W3F2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 22 | 1 |
W3F3 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 29 | 2 |
W3F4 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 7 | 51 | 13 |
W3F5 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 50 | 11 |
W4F1 | 20 | 17 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 95 | 20 |
W4F2 | 13 | 2 | 19 | 14 | 3 | 51 | 12 |
W4F3 | 16 | 6 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 49 | 10 |
W4F4 | 18 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 63 | 16 |
W4F5 | 19 | 15 | 18 | 4 | 14 | 70 | 18 |
Table 8 Sorting statistics of optimal similarity of different water and fertilizer treatments
处理Treatments | IWUE | PFP | CP | RFV | 干草产量Hay yield | 相似程度Similarity | 排序Sorting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 7 | 20 | 74 | 18 |
W1F2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 19 | 6 | 39 | 5 |
W1F3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 47 | 8 |
W1F4 | 4 | 11 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 57 | 14 |
W1F5 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 46 | 7 |
W2F1 | 14 | 17 | 6 | 5 | 19 | 61 | 15 |
W2F2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 33 | 3 |
W2F3 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 16 | 9 | 41 | 6 |
W2F4 | 9 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 38 | 4 |
W2F5 | 10 | 16 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 49 | 9 |
W3F1 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 17 | 79 | 19 |
W3F2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 22 | 1 |
W3F3 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 29 | 2 |
W3F4 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 7 | 51 | 13 |
W3F5 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 50 | 11 |
W4F1 | 20 | 17 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 95 | 20 |
W4F2 | 13 | 2 | 19 | 14 | 3 | 51 | 12 |
W4F3 | 16 | 6 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 49 | 10 |
W4F4 | 18 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 63 | 16 |
W4F5 | 19 | 15 | 18 | 4 | 14 | 70 | 18 |
因变量Response variable (Y) | 回归方程Regression equation | R2 | P |
---|---|---|---|
灌溉水分利用效率IWUE (Y1) | Y1=-0.000000016X12-0.0000054X22-0.00000056X1X2+0.0016X1+0.0063X2-1.20 | 0.987 | 0.0200 |
肥料偏生产力 PFP (Y2) | Y2=-0.0000019X12-0.00076X22+0.023X1+0.41X2-39.69 | 0.998 | 0.0001 |
干草产量Hay yield (Y3) | Y3=-0.00062X12-0.031X22-0.0021X1X2+8.09X1+32.24X2-11687.80 | 0.996 | 0.0200 |
Table 9 Regression relationship between irrigation and fertilization and irrigation water use efficiency, fertilizer partial productivity and hay yield
因变量Response variable (Y) | 回归方程Regression equation | R2 | P |
---|---|---|---|
灌溉水分利用效率IWUE (Y1) | Y1=-0.000000016X12-0.0000054X22-0.00000056X1X2+0.0016X1+0.0063X2-1.20 | 0.987 | 0.0200 |
肥料偏生产力 PFP (Y2) | Y2=-0.0000019X12-0.00076X22+0.023X1+0.41X2-39.69 | 0.998 | 0.0001 |
干草产量Hay yield (Y3) | Y3=-0.00062X12-0.031X22-0.0021X1X2+8.09X1+32.24X2-11687.80 | 0.996 | 0.0200 |
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