Effects of biochar， phosphorus addition and AMF inoculation on switchgrass growth and soil properties under Cd stress

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020461

Abstract

Abstract:

This research investigated the effects of phosphorus， biochar addition and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） inoculation on the Cd tolerance of switchgrass. A pot experiment was conducted comprising four treatments： CK， 4.5% biochar （B）， 60 mg·kg^-1 phosphorus （P₆₀）， 4.5% biochar+60 mg·kg^-1phosphorus （B+P₆₀）， with or without AMF inoculation. Measurements made included plant growth， mineral concentration， Cd concentration， soil pH， available P and acid phosphatase， and forms of Cd present in the soil. It was found that P addition significantly increased root colonization， and the colonization reached 56.9% with the P₆₀ treatment. Compared with CK， B， P₆₀ and B+P₆₀ treatments had no significant effects on plant height， leaf SPAD and biomass of switchgrass. The plant height， leaf SPAD and biomass of switchgrass increased significantly with AMF inoculation， but there were no significant differences among the treatments after AMF inoculation. Except for higher Se and Cd in shoot concentrations in P₆₀ and B+P₆₀ treatments， compared to CK， there were no significant differences between B， P₆₀ and B+P₆₀ treatments and the CK treatment for P， Se and Cd concentrations in shoot tissues. After AMF inoculation， the contents of Se and Cd under CK and B treatments in plants with AMF present were higher than those in plants uninoculated with AMF， and the concentrations of Cd in shoots of plants in the B+AM treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. However， the shoot concentrations of Se and Cd in plants in the P₆₀ treatment were lower than those plants with no AMF present. In addition， the root Cd concentrations of B and B+P₆₀ treatments were significantly higher than those of CK and P₆₀treatments， soil available P contents were higher than those of CK， and soil acid-extracted Cd concentrations were lower than those of CK and P₆₀ treatments regardless of AMF inoculation status. The soil residual Cd concentrations of CK， B and B+P₆₀ treatments with AMF inoculation were higher than corresponding non-inoculated treatments， but the residual Cd contents for the P₆₀ treatment was lower than that of corresponding uninoculated treatment. In summary， B or B+P₆₀ treatments increased the root Cd and soil available P concentrations， reduced the soil acid-extracted Cd contents； Combined with AMF， B or B+P₆₀ treatment increased switchgrass biomass， shoot Se and Cd content， and increased soil residual Cd concentrations. Therefore， AMF inoculation of plants combined with biochar or biochar+phosphorus soil additions can increase the biomass and Cd uptake of switchgrass and reduce the soil Cd bio-availability. These findings are applicable to remediation of heavily Cd contaminated soils.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, selenium, soil Cd availability

Hong SUN, Yu-long ZHENG, Yan-li LIN, Chao CHEN, Fu-yu YANG. Effects of biochar， phosphorus addition and AMF inoculation on switchgrass growth and soil properties under Cd stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 71-80.

Figures/Tables 6

References 41

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指标Parameters	B	P₆₀	AMF	B+P₆₀	B+AM	P₆₀+AM	B+P₆₀+AM
侵染率Root colonization	NS	*	—	NS	—	—	—
SPAD	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部生物量 Shoot biomass	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系生物量 Root biomass	*	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部P含量 Shoot P concentration	*	**	NS	NS	**	NS	NS
地上部Se含量 Shoot Se concentration	NS	NS	***	NS	**	***	NS
地上部Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	*	***	NS	***	***	**
根系P含量 Root P concentration	***	NS	***	NS	**	NS	**
根系Se含量 Root Se concentration	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
pH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
土壤速效磷 Available P concentration	***	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
土壤酸性磷酸酶活性 Soil acid phosphatase activity	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
酸性提取态Cd Acid-extractable Cd	***	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
还原态Cd Reducible-Cd	NS	***	NS	***	**	NS	**
氧化态Cd Oxidizable-Cd	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
残渣态Cd Residual-Cd	NS	NS	**	***	***	**	***

指标Parameters	B	P₆₀	AMF	B+P₆₀	B+AM	P₆₀+AM	B+P₆₀+AM
侵染率Root colonization	NS	*	—	NS	—	—	—
SPAD	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部生物量 Shoot biomass	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系生物量 Root biomass	*	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部P含量 Shoot P concentration	*	**	NS	NS	**	NS	NS
地上部Se含量 Shoot Se concentration	NS	NS	***	NS	**	***	NS
地上部Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	*	***	NS	***	***	**
根系P含量 Root P concentration	***	NS	***	NS	**	NS	**
根系Se含量 Root Se concentration	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
pH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
土壤速效磷 Available P concentration	***	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
土壤酸性磷酸酶活性 Soil acid phosphatase activity	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
酸性提取态Cd Acid-extractable Cd	***	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
还原态Cd Reducible-Cd	NS	***	NS	***	**	NS	**
氧化态Cd Oxidizable-Cd	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
残渣态Cd Residual-Cd	NS	NS	**	***	***	**	***

处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	生物量Biomass （g·pot^-1）
处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	地上部Shoot	根系Root
CK	NM	-	22.7±0.8cd	1.02±0.22c	0.42±0.09b
CK	AM	44.2±2.4b	25.9±1.0b	2.13±0.43a	0.93±0.33a
B	NM	-	24.1±1.5bc	0.10±0.01d	0.12±0.00b
B	AM	47.9±3.7ab	30.0±0.5a	1.51±0.19b	0.85±0.19a
P₆₀	NM	-	23.5±0.9cd	0.63±0.18cd	0.31±0.06b
P₆₀	AM	56.9±5.4a	25.1±1.5b	1.98±0.05ab	1.06±0.08a
B+P₆₀	NM	—	22.8±0.7d	0.86±0.04c	0.42±0.02b
B+P₆₀	AM	54.3±3.9ab	26.3±1.6bc	1.58±0.35ab	0.96±0.11a

处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	生物量Biomass （g·pot^-1）
处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	地上部Shoot	根系Root
CK	NM	-	22.7±0.8cd	1.02±0.22c	0.42±0.09b
CK	AM	44.2±2.4b	25.9±1.0b	2.13±0.43a	0.93±0.33a
B	NM	-	24.1±1.5bc	0.10±0.01d	0.12±0.00b
B	AM	47.9±3.7ab	30.0±0.5a	1.51±0.19b	0.85±0.19a
P₆₀	NM	-	23.5±0.9cd	0.63±0.18cd	0.31±0.06b
P₆₀	AM	56.9±5.4a	25.1±1.5b	1.98±0.05ab	1.06±0.08a
B+P₆₀	NM	—	22.8±0.7d	0.86±0.04c	0.42±0.02b
B+P₆₀	AM	54.3±3.9ab	26.3±1.6bc	1.58±0.35ab	0.96±0.11a

处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	酸性提取态 Acid-extractable Cd	还原态 Reducible-Cd	氧化态 Oxidizable-Cd	残渣态 Residual-Cd
CK	NM	11.7±0.9a	2.1±0.1d	0.06±0.01ab	10.1±1.6bc
CK	AM	10.3±0.3ab	2.3±0.3d	0.05±0.00b	16.1±0.8a
B	NM	8.3±0.4c	3.1±0.1bc	0.05±0.01b	8.4±1.2c
B	AM	9.0±0.2bc	3.3±0.4b	0.06±0.00ab	12.8±0.6b
P₆₀	NM	9.3±0.5b	4.3±0.3a	0.07±0.01a	15.0±0.8ab
P₆₀	AM	10.6±0.9a	3.4±0.2b	0.07±0.01ab	7.7±0.5c
B+P₆₀	NM	7.9±0.1c	2.5±0.3c	0.06±0.00ab	8.5±1.2c
B+P₆₀	AM	8.4±0.2c	3.8±0.2ab	0.06±0.00ab	16.1±1.1ab