Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 13-23.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023150
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Shuang YU1(), Xiao-wei LI1,2(), Rui-xia WANG3, Jun-long YANG1, Long MA1
Received:
2023-05-08
Revised:
2023-06-08
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
Xiao-wei LI
Shuang YU, Xiao-wei LI, Rui-xia WANG, Jun-long YANG, Long MA. Succession mechanism and dynamics in artificial Caragana korshinskii sand-fixing forests of different ages in Baijitan of Lingwu[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 13-23.
林龄 Forest age (yrs) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 林下草本植物 Understory herbs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 37°40′ | 106°46′ | 1213.88 | 0.16 | 蒙古虫实Corispermum mongolicum、沙蓬Agriophyllum squarrosum、雾冰藜Bassia dasyphylla |
5 | 38°03′ | 106°51′ | 1255.95 | 0.65 | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、香青兰Dracocephalum moldavica |
10 | 38°02′ | 106°48′ | 1227.35 | 0.53 | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、画眉草Eragrostis pilosa |
20 | 37°55′ | 106°50′ | 1308.89 | 0.82 | 沙鞭Psammochloa villosa、地锦Parthenocissus tricuspidata、砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelini、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、白沙蒿Artemisia sphaerocephala、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草Setaria viridis、锋芒草Tragus racemosus、阿尔泰狗娃花Heteropappus altaicus |
30 | 38°02′ | 106°33′ | 1307.64 | 0.54 | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草S. viridis、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、地锦P. tricuspidata、藜Chenopodium album、砂蓝刺头E. gmelini、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、香青兰D. moldavica、地捎瓜Cynanchum thesioides、银柴胡Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata、草木樨状黄芪Astragalus melilotoides、阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus、叉枝鸦葱Scorzonera divaricata |
40 | 38°10′ | 106°39′ | 1324.16 | 0.51 | 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus、狗尾草S. viridis、画眉草E. pilosa、乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula、兴安胡枝子Lespedeza davurica、短花针茅Stipa breviflora、锋芒草T. racemosus、地锦P. tricuspidata、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、香青兰D. moldavica、藜C. album、虎尾草Setaria viridis、条叶车前Plantago lessingii、丝叶山苦荬Ixeridium graminifolium、砂蓝刺头E. gmelini |
50 | 38°11′ | 106°41′ | 1326.34 | 0.71 | 雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、地锦P. tricuspidata、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草S. viridis、藜C. album、蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、香青兰D. moldavica、蒺藜Tribulus terrestris、白沙蒿A. sphaerocephala、中华小苦荬Ixeridium chinense |
60 | 38°10′ | 106°52′ | 1320.46 | 0.82 | 藜C. album、刺藜Teloxys aristata、香青兰D. moldavica、中华小苦荬I. chinense、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草S. viridis、阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus、沙生大戟Euphorbia kozlovii、乳苣Mulgedium tataricu、白沙蒿A. sphaerocephala、短花针茅S. breviflora、九顶草Enneapogon desvauxii |
70 | 38°08′ | 106°15′ | 1315.48 | 0.88 | 藜C. album、刺藜T. aristata、画眉草E. pilosa、砂蓝刺头E. gmelini、香青兰D. moldavica、地锦P. tricuspidata、青海天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis、马齿苋Portulaca oleracea、赖草Leymus secalinus、草瑞香Diarthron linifolium、中华小苦荬I. chinense、鹅绒藤Cynanchum chinense、猪毛蒿A. scoparia |
Table 1 General situation of the sample plot
林龄 Forest age (yrs) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 林下草本植物 Understory herbs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 37°40′ | 106°46′ | 1213.88 | 0.16 | 蒙古虫实Corispermum mongolicum、沙蓬Agriophyllum squarrosum、雾冰藜Bassia dasyphylla |
5 | 38°03′ | 106°51′ | 1255.95 | 0.65 | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、香青兰Dracocephalum moldavica |
10 | 38°02′ | 106°48′ | 1227.35 | 0.53 | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、画眉草Eragrostis pilosa |
20 | 37°55′ | 106°50′ | 1308.89 | 0.82 | 沙鞭Psammochloa villosa、地锦Parthenocissus tricuspidata、砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelini、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、白沙蒿Artemisia sphaerocephala、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草Setaria viridis、锋芒草Tragus racemosus、阿尔泰狗娃花Heteropappus altaicus |
30 | 38°02′ | 106°33′ | 1307.64 | 0.54 | 蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草S. viridis、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、地锦P. tricuspidata、藜Chenopodium album、砂蓝刺头E. gmelini、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、香青兰D. moldavica、地捎瓜Cynanchum thesioides、银柴胡Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata、草木樨状黄芪Astragalus melilotoides、阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus、叉枝鸦葱Scorzonera divaricata |
40 | 38°10′ | 106°39′ | 1324.16 | 0.51 | 阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus、狗尾草S. viridis、画眉草E. pilosa、乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula、兴安胡枝子Lespedeza davurica、短花针茅Stipa breviflora、锋芒草T. racemosus、地锦P. tricuspidata、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、香青兰D. moldavica、藜C. album、虎尾草Setaria viridis、条叶车前Plantago lessingii、丝叶山苦荬Ixeridium graminifolium、砂蓝刺头E. gmelini |
50 | 38°11′ | 106°41′ | 1326.34 | 0.71 | 雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、地锦P. tricuspidata、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草S. viridis、藜C. album、蒙古虫实C. mongolicum、香青兰D. moldavica、蒺藜Tribulus terrestris、白沙蒿A. sphaerocephala、中华小苦荬Ixeridium chinense |
60 | 38°10′ | 106°52′ | 1320.46 | 0.82 | 藜C. album、刺藜Teloxys aristata、香青兰D. moldavica、中华小苦荬I. chinense、雾冰藜B. dasyphylla、画眉草E. pilosa、狗尾草S. viridis、阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus、沙生大戟Euphorbia kozlovii、乳苣Mulgedium tataricu、白沙蒿A. sphaerocephala、短花针茅S. breviflora、九顶草Enneapogon desvauxii |
70 | 38°08′ | 106°15′ | 1315.48 | 0.88 | 藜C. album、刺藜T. aristata、画眉草E. pilosa、砂蓝刺头E. gmelini、香青兰D. moldavica、地锦P. tricuspidata、青海天门冬Asparagus cochinchinensis、马齿苋Portulaca oleracea、赖草Leymus secalinus、草瑞香Diarthron linifolium、中华小苦荬I. chinense、鹅绒藤Cynanchum chinense、猪毛蒿A. scoparia |
群丛 Association | 林龄 Forest age (yrs) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm-3) | 土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%) | pH | 土壤有机质 Soil organic carbon (g·kg-1) | 土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (mg·g-1) | 土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 3 | 14.11±2.35b | 1.52±0.02ab | 5.53±0.63a | 8.08±0.03b | 2.74±0.45c | 0.06±0.01g | 0.11±0.01d |
5 | 11.56±2.94b | 1.51±0.05ab | 4.44±0.12abc | 8.13±0.06b | 2.22±0.38c | 0.06±0.01g | 0.12±0.01c | |
10 | 10.40±1.33b | 1.52±0.01ab | 3.19±0.42bcd | 8.06±0.05b | 2.87±0.32c | 0.11±0.01ef | 0.13±0.01b | |
Ⅱ | 20 | 11.53±2.90b | 1.55±0.03a | 4.77±0.63ab | 8.18±0.04b | 3.36±0.31c | 0.11±0.01ef | 0.13±0.01b |
Ⅲ | 30 | 34.05±3.12ab | 1.50±0.08ab | 5.87±1.18a | 8.52±0.02a | 7.45±0.63b | 0.13±0.01de | 0.13±0.01b |
40 | 36.62±6.06ab | 1.44±0.05b | 3.48±0.24bcd | 8.49±0.02a | 6.28±0.56b | 0.15±0.01d | 0.13±0.01b | |
Ⅳ | 50 | 78.71±8.67a | 1.52±0.03ab | 3.11±0.18bcd | 8.46±0.02a | 6.45±0.30b | 0.18±0.01c | 0.13±0.01b |
60 | 60.56±5.24ab | 1.54±0.02a | 2.91±0.21cd | 8.37±0.08a | 6.71±1.84b | 0.21±0.02b | 0.14±0.01a | |
70 | 70.81±6.56a | 1.50±0.01ab | 2.45±0.86d | 8.40±0.06a | 10.98±1.39a | 0.27±0.01a | 0.14±0.01a |
Table 2 Description of main characteristics of community classification of understory herb layer
群丛 Association | 林龄 Forest age (yrs) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm-3) | 土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%) | pH | 土壤有机质 Soil organic carbon (g·kg-1) | 土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (mg·g-1) | 土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 3 | 14.11±2.35b | 1.52±0.02ab | 5.53±0.63a | 8.08±0.03b | 2.74±0.45c | 0.06±0.01g | 0.11±0.01d |
5 | 11.56±2.94b | 1.51±0.05ab | 4.44±0.12abc | 8.13±0.06b | 2.22±0.38c | 0.06±0.01g | 0.12±0.01c | |
10 | 10.40±1.33b | 1.52±0.01ab | 3.19±0.42bcd | 8.06±0.05b | 2.87±0.32c | 0.11±0.01ef | 0.13±0.01b | |
Ⅱ | 20 | 11.53±2.90b | 1.55±0.03a | 4.77±0.63ab | 8.18±0.04b | 3.36±0.31c | 0.11±0.01ef | 0.13±0.01b |
Ⅲ | 30 | 34.05±3.12ab | 1.50±0.08ab | 5.87±1.18a | 8.52±0.02a | 7.45±0.63b | 0.13±0.01de | 0.13±0.01b |
40 | 36.62±6.06ab | 1.44±0.05b | 3.48±0.24bcd | 8.49±0.02a | 6.28±0.56b | 0.15±0.01d | 0.13±0.01b | |
Ⅳ | 50 | 78.71±8.67a | 1.52±0.03ab | 3.11±0.18bcd | 8.46±0.02a | 6.45±0.30b | 0.18±0.01c | 0.13±0.01b |
60 | 60.56±5.24ab | 1.54±0.02a | 2.91±0.21cd | 8.37±0.08a | 6.71±1.84b | 0.21±0.02b | 0.14±0.01a | |
70 | 70.81±6.56a | 1.50±0.01ab | 2.45±0.86d | 8.40±0.06a | 10.98±1.39a | 0.27±0.01a | 0.14±0.01a |
群丛 Association | 林龄 Forest age (yrs) | 丰富度指数 Richness index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | Pielou指数 Pielou index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 3 | 3.44±0.11c | 0.67±0.01c | 1.16±0.05cd | 0.94±0.01a |
5 | 3.00±0.19cd | 0.51±0.02d | 0.87±0.09d | 0.81±0.02b | |
10 | 1.11±0.11d | 0.04±0.03e | 0.06±0.02e | 0.08±0.03c | |
Ⅱ | 20 | 5.67±0.80b | 0.70±0.06bc | 1.44±0.11bc | 0.85±0.04ab |
Ⅲ | 30 | 8.00±0.33a | 0.82±0.01a | 1.85±0.08a | 0.90±0.02ab |
40 | 7.00±1.45ab | 0.75±0.05abc | 1.65±0.12ab | 0.87±0.02ab | |
Ⅳ | 50 | 7.56±0.48ab | 0.77±0.02abc | 1.76±0.06ab | 0.88±0.02ab |
60 | 7.00±0.96ab | 0.78±0.03ab | 1.70±0.10ab | 0.90±0.02ab | |
70 | 6.11±0.40ab | 0.76±0.01abc | 1.56±0.06ab | 0.87±0.01ab |
Table 3 Species diversities of plant communities under the C. korshinskii forest
群丛 Association | 林龄 Forest age (yrs) | 丰富度指数 Richness index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | Pielou指数 Pielou index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 3 | 3.44±0.11c | 0.67±0.01c | 1.16±0.05cd | 0.94±0.01a |
5 | 3.00±0.19cd | 0.51±0.02d | 0.87±0.09d | 0.81±0.02b | |
10 | 1.11±0.11d | 0.04±0.03e | 0.06±0.02e | 0.08±0.03c | |
Ⅱ | 20 | 5.67±0.80b | 0.70±0.06bc | 1.44±0.11bc | 0.85±0.04ab |
Ⅲ | 30 | 8.00±0.33a | 0.82±0.01a | 1.85±0.08a | 0.90±0.02ab |
40 | 7.00±1.45ab | 0.75±0.05abc | 1.65±0.12ab | 0.87±0.02ab | |
Ⅳ | 50 | 7.56±0.48ab | 0.77±0.02abc | 1.76±0.06ab | 0.88±0.02ab |
60 | 7.00±0.96ab | 0.78±0.03ab | 1.70±0.10ab | 0.90±0.02ab | |
70 | 6.11±0.40ab | 0.76±0.01abc | 1.56±0.06ab | 0.87±0.01ab |
环境因子 Environmental factors | 解释量 Explains (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
所有典范轴的显著性检验 Test of significance of all canonical axes | 0.044 | |||
土壤含水量Soil moisture | 5.5 | 10.7 | 2.1 | 0.158 |
土壤容重Soil bulk density | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.890 |
pH | 13.6 | 26.5 | 4.9 | 0.032* |
有机质Soil organic carbon | 19.3 | 37.5 | 6.0 | 0.010* |
全氮Soil total nitrogen | 1.5 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.458 |
全磷Soil total phosphorus | 4.2 | 8.1 | 1.7 | 0.204 |
郁闭度Canopy density | 7.2 | 14.1 | 2.9 | 0.096 |
特征参数Characteristic parameter | RDA1 | RDA2 | RDA3 | RDA4 |
特征值Eigenvalues | 0.5038 | 0.0098 | 0.0008 | 0.0001 |
累计解释变异Explained variation | 50.38 | 51.37 | 51.41 | 51.41 |
多样性-环境因子相关系数 Diversity-environmental factor correlation coefficient | 0.980 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Table 4 Results by redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination with the first two axes and Monte Carlo permutation test
环境因子 Environmental factors | 解释量 Explains (%) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
所有典范轴的显著性检验 Test of significance of all canonical axes | 0.044 | |||
土壤含水量Soil moisture | 5.5 | 10.7 | 2.1 | 0.158 |
土壤容重Soil bulk density | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.890 |
pH | 13.6 | 26.5 | 4.9 | 0.032* |
有机质Soil organic carbon | 19.3 | 37.5 | 6.0 | 0.010* |
全氮Soil total nitrogen | 1.5 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.458 |
全磷Soil total phosphorus | 4.2 | 8.1 | 1.7 | 0.204 |
郁闭度Canopy density | 7.2 | 14.1 | 2.9 | 0.096 |
特征参数Characteristic parameter | RDA1 | RDA2 | RDA3 | RDA4 |
特征值Eigenvalues | 0.5038 | 0.0098 | 0.0008 | 0.0001 |
累计解释变异Explained variation | 50.38 | 51.37 | 51.41 | 51.41 |
多样性-环境因子相关系数 Diversity-environmental factor correlation coefficient | 0.980 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
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