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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 92-105.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023219

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Effects of alfalfa/sweet sorghum intercropping on rhizosphere soil characteristics and microbial community characteristics

Sheng-ran HE(), Xiao-jing LIU(), Ya-jiao ZHAO, Xue WANG, Jing WANG   

  1. College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2023-06-28 Revised:2023-07-28 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-02-03
  • Contact: Xiao-jing LIU

Abstract:

In this study, we explored the influence of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa)/sweet sorghum (Sorghum dochna) intercropping system on the microecological environment of soil in the rhizosphere. The overall aims of our research were to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for improving soil structure, maintaining a good soil microecological environment, and protecting the ecological value of agricultural land. A 3-year field study was conducted with alfalfa and sweet sorghum grown as monocrops and in an intercropping system. We evaluated nodulation and nitrogen fixation, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents, soil enzyme activities, and the soil microbial community characteristics and their interrelationships over 3 consecutive years. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Bacillus were the dominant bacteria in the alfalfa/sweet sorghum intercropping system. Intercropping effectively increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gp6 in the rhizosphere soil, significantly increased soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents, and increased urease activity and invertase activity in the rhizosphere soil of sweet sorghum (P<0.05). Intercropping also significantly increased nitrogenase activity and the nitrogen-fixation capacity (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the rhizosphere soil pH of both alfalfa and sweet sorghum (P<0.05). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and invertase increased in the rhizosphere soil of intercropped alfalfa over the 3 years, and the pH of rhizosphere soil decreased significantly over the 3 years in both monocrops and in the intercropping system (P<0.05). The results of the correlation analysis indicated that four rhizosphere soil enzymes were positively correlated with available nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matter (P<0.01); Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with available nitrogen; and Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were positively correlated with pH and negatively correlated with available nitrogen (P<0.01). Therefore, alfalfa/sweet sorghum intercropping was shown to improve the soil structure and increase the activity of soil microorganisms.

Key words: alfalfa/sweet sorghum intercropping, rhizosphere soil nutrients, rhizosphere soil enzymes, bacterial community