Effect of the metabolites in rhizosphere soil on microbial communities of crop intercropping system

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023005

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the reasons why interspecific interactions affects crop yield， we comprehensively analyzed the crop yield， the soil physicochemical properties， the rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the root exudates in maize （Zea mays）-soybean （Glycine max） and sorghum （Sorghum bicolor）-soybean intercropping systems in different years， combining the Eco-Biolog microplate method and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Crop yield was significantly increased in the intercropping systems， and the increase of yield in 2020 was more significant than it in 2019. Compared with monoculture， intercropping increased the accumulation and absorption of available nutrients. The contents of available nutrients in the crop rhizosphere soil of the intercropping system were significantly increased. Compared with monoculture， microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in maize， sorghum and soybean in intercropping systems were increased significantly； microorganism activities were also higher， and microbial community composition was more diverse in the rhizosphere soil of intercropped crops. Based on the metabolomic analysis， five key differential metabolites that might cause changes in microbial communities in maize rhizosphere soil were tentatively identified. Four of these appear to enrich the microorganism populations in maize rhizosphere soil， and one appears to be inhibitory. Three metabolites in sorghum rhizosphere soil were identified， two of which appear to enrich presence of microorganisms in sorghum rhizosphere soil， while the third appears to be inhibitory. Two bioactive metabolites in soybean rhizosphere soil were identified， one apparently faciliatory and one inhibitory towards microorganisms. Multivariate analysis showed that maize-soybean and sorghum-soybean intercropping systems changed the soil micro-environment and reshaped the soil microbial community structure through interspecific root interactions in rhizosphere soil， which accelerated the deposition of available nutrients， promoted the absorption of crop nutrients， and ultimately increased crop yield.

Key words: intercropping, microbial functional diversity, metabolites in rhizosphere soil, maize, sorghum, soybean

Dai-xiang XU, Jian-feng YANG, Hang SU, Jian-rong ZHAI, Cai QI, Long-gang ZHAO, Yan-jun GUO. Effect of the metabolites in rhizosphere soil on microbial communities of crop intercropping system[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 65-80.

Figures/Tables 14

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年份 Year	处理 Treatments	籽粒产量Grain yield （kg·hm^-2）			千粒重Thousand kernel weight （g）
年份 Year	处理 Treatments	玉米Maize	高粱Sorghum	大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	高粱Sorghum	大豆Soybean
2019	单作Monoculture	7005.33±52.26	3208.44±53.46	1105.04±80.08	257.36±6.84	20.87±0.09	153.50±6.79
	间作Intercropping	7111.84±36.84	3374.29±66.76	1555.63±42.97**①	258.63±12.79	21.74±0.84	170.33±1.01*①
	间作Intercropping	7111.84±36.84	3374.29±66.76	1540.77±53.09**②	258.63±12.79	21.74±0.84	162.67±2.62②
2020	单作Monoculture	7094.69±38.41	3209.20±53.44	1101.71±67.06	270.91±2.87	21.14±0.28	155.17±2.19
	间作Intercropping	7512.00±39.86**	3707.99±12.46**	1688.96±88.13**①	298.47±1.85*	21.94±0.28	172.00±0.70*①
	间作Intercropping	7512.00±39.86**	3707.99±12.46**	1770.77±56.87**②	298.47±1.85*	21.94±0.28	166.00±1.64②
变异来源Variation source
年份 Year （Y）		**	**	*	ns	ns	ns
种植模式 Planting pattern （P）		**	ns	**	ns	**	**
年份×种植模式 Y×P		*	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	籽粒产量Grain yield （kg·hm^-2）			千粒重Thousand kernel weight （g）
年份 Year	处理 Treatments	玉米Maize	高粱Sorghum	大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	高粱Sorghum	大豆Soybean
2019	单作Monoculture	7005.33±52.26	3208.44±53.46	1105.04±80.08	257.36±6.84	20.87±0.09	153.50±6.79
	间作Intercropping	7111.84±36.84	3374.29±66.76	1555.63±42.97**①	258.63±12.79	21.74±0.84	170.33±1.01*①
	间作Intercropping	7111.84±36.84	3374.29±66.76	1540.77±53.09**②	258.63±12.79	21.74±0.84	162.67±2.62②
2020	单作Monoculture	7094.69±38.41	3209.20±53.44	1101.71±67.06	270.91±2.87	21.14±0.28	155.17±2.19
	间作Intercropping	7512.00±39.86**	3707.99±12.46**	1688.96±88.13**①	298.47±1.85*	21.94±0.28	172.00±0.70*①
	间作Intercropping	7512.00±39.86**	3707.99±12.46**	1770.77±56.87**②	298.47±1.85*	21.94±0.28	166.00±1.64②
变异来源Variation source
年份 Year （Y）		**	**	*	ns	ns	ns
种植模式 Planting pattern （P）		**	ns	**	ns	**	**
年份×种植模式 Y×P		*	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

作物Crops	处理 Treatments	pH	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	速效磷 Olsen phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium （mg·kg^-1）
玉米Maize	单作Monoculture	8.96±0.03	43.40±0.48	9.57±0.25	41.66±0.71
玉米Maize	间作Intercropping	8.95±0.01	43.75±0.25	18.15±0.24**	50.50±0.00*
高粱 Sorghum	单作Monoculture	8.92±0.00	43.05±0.74	12.41±0.63	51.00±0.71
高粱 Sorghum	间作Intercropping	8.85±0.06	47.25±0.75*	16.56±0.24*	56.22±1.06*
大豆 Soybean	单作Monoculture	8.67±0.05	46.20±0.00	14.85±0.27	65.00±0.35
	与玉米间作Intercropping with maize	8.74±0.07	48.01±0.49	18.68±0.36*	79.00±0.71**
	与高粱间作Intercropping with sorghum	8.71±0.05	49.97±0.50	18.22±0.10*	73.06±2.12*

作物Crops	处理 Treatments	pH	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	速效磷 Olsen phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium （mg·kg^-1）
玉米Maize	单作Monoculture	8.96±0.03	43.40±0.48	9.57±0.25	41.66±0.71
玉米Maize	间作Intercropping	8.95±0.01	43.75±0.25	18.15±0.24**	50.50±0.00*
高粱 Sorghum	单作Monoculture	8.92±0.00	43.05±0.74	12.41±0.63	51.00±0.71
高粱 Sorghum	间作Intercropping	8.85±0.06	47.25±0.75*	16.56±0.24*	56.22±1.06*
大豆 Soybean	单作Monoculture	8.67±0.05	46.20±0.00	14.85±0.27	65.00±0.35
	与玉米间作Intercropping with maize	8.74±0.07	48.01±0.49	18.68±0.36*	79.00±0.71**
	与高粱间作Intercropping with sorghum	8.71±0.05	49.97±0.50	18.22±0.10*	73.06±2.12*

作物 Crops	处理 Treatments	Shannon指数 Shannon index （H′）	Simpson指数 Simpson index （D）	McIntosh指数 McIntosh index （U）
玉米Maize	单作Monoculture	3.27±0.00	0.95±4.15	7.20±0.00
玉米Maize	间作Intercropping	3.22±0.00	0.95±0.00	7.26±0.34
高粱Sorghum	单作Monoculture	3.00±0.13	0.95±2.67	6.01±0.00
高粱Sorghum	间作Intercropping	3.22±0.00*	0.94±0.00	6.51±0.50*
大豆Soybean	单作Monoculture	2.98±0.04	0.95±0.00	5.42±0.07
	与玉米间作Intercropping with maize	3.29±0.00*	0.93±0.00	6.97±0.31**
	与高粱间作Intercropping with sorghum	3.21±0.04*	0.96±2.83	8.23±0.00**