苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响及其分子机理的初步探讨

doi:10.11686/cyxb20130535

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,并初步探讨其分子机理。取雄性健康SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组,分别为:正常对照组、苜蓿皂苷组、高脂模型组和高脂皂苷组,每组8只。前4周为高脂模型建立期,后4周为灌胃期,正常对照组和苜蓿皂苷组饲喂基础饲粮,其余2组饲喂高脂饲粮,苜蓿皂苷组和高脂皂苷组从第5周开始灌胃240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷,灌胃4周。测定试验大鼠体重、肝脏系数、血脂水平、粪便和肝脏中的胆固醇、胆汁酸含量,并用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测大鼠肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7a1)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5/三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG5/ABCG8) mRNA的表达量。结果表明,1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠体重、肝脏系数;降低血清中总胆固醇含量,加速胆固醇向肝脏的聚集;增加粪便中胆固醇和胆汁酸的排出; 2)显著增加正常血脂水平大鼠粪便中胆固醇的含量,但对其体重、肝脏系数等影响不大;3)添加苜蓿皂苷后正常和高脂水平SD大鼠肝脏CYP7a1和ABCG5/ABCG8 mRNA的表达量均成倍增加。提示苜蓿皂苷能够调节SD大鼠体内胆固醇的分布,具有良好的降血脂效应,其效应可能与增加CYP7a1和ABCG5/ABCG8 mRNA表达量,加速体内胆固醇、胆汁酸排泄有关。

Abstract: To investigate the effects of alfalfa saponins on cholesterol metabolism and its molecular mechanism, 32 healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, alfalfa saponins group, hyperlipidemia model group, hyperlipidemia model+alfalfa saponins group. The first four weeks were the hyperlipidemia model establishment period: rats in the normal control group and in the alfalfa saponin group were fed with a basal diet while the other two groups were fed with a high fat diet. The last four weeks were the alfalfa saponins treatment period, alfalfa saponins (240 mg/kg) were administrated to both the alfalfa saponin group and to the hyperlipidemia model+alfalfa saponins group by gavage. The body weight, liver index, serum lipid level, total cholesterol and total bile acids in liver and faeces of the rats were measured. The mRNA expression of CYP7a1 and ABCG5/ABCG8 were measured by real-time PCR. Alfalfa saponins significantly reduced the body weight, liver index and the serum cholesterol level but increased the accumulation of cholesterol in liver and the excretion of cholesterol and bile acids in faeces in hyperlipidemia rats and significantly increased the cholesterol excretion in faeces of normal rats. The mRNA expression of CYP7a1 and ABCG5/ABCG8 were multiplied in the alfalfa saponins treated groups. The results indicated that alfalfa saponins could adjust the distribution of cholesterol in rats and had a significant effect on the decrease of serum lipid. This effect could result from the increasing mRNA expression of CYP7a1 and ABCG5/ABCG8 in liver.

中图分类号:

袁德地,史莹华,王成章,郭瑞,王洁. 苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响及其分子机理的初步探讨[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(5): 294-301.

YUAN De-di, SHI Ying-hua, WANG Cheng-zhang, GUO Rui, WANG Jie. Effect of alfalfa saponins on cholesterol metabolism and its molecular mechanisms[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(5): 294-301.

参考文献

盛漪, 谷文英. 植物甾醇调节血脂功能的研究. 食品科技, 2006, 31(9): 296-298.
Kritchevsky S B, Kritchevsky D. Serum cholesterol and cancer risk: an epidemiologic perspective. Annual Review of Nutrition, 1992, 12(1): 391-416.
孟季蒙, 李卫军. 地下滴灌对苜蓿的生长发育与种子产量的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 291-295.
罗小勇, 孙娟. 23 种紫花苜蓿不同品种及器官间化感活性差异的研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 83-91.
李飞飞, 崔大方, 羊海军,等. 中国新疆紫花苜蓿复合体3个种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 190-198.
甘智才, 玉永雄. 紫花苜蓿中的活性物质及其对畜禽的营养作用. 江西饲料, 2009, 3: 20-25.
Mlgaard J, Von schenck H, Olsson A G. Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis, 1987, 65(1): 173-179.
Levy S. New product newswire. Drug Topics, 1999, 19: 22-26.
王彦华. 苜蓿皂甙和草粉对断奶仔猪和肥育猪生产性能的影响及其机理研究. 郑州: 河南农业大学,2007.
王成章, 王彦华, 史莹华, 等. 苜蓿皂苷对断奶仔猪脂质代谢, 抗氧化和免疫的影响. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 210-218.
侯永刚, 陈辉, 黄仁录,等. 日粮添加苜蓿皂苷时蛋鸡生产性能, 鸡蛋胆固醇及常规蛋品质的影响. 中国家禽, 2009, 31(8): 20-23.
王成章, 杨雨鑫, 胡喜峰,等. 不同苜蓿草粉水平对产蛋鸡蛋黄胆固醇含量影响的研究. 草业学报, 2005, 14(2): 76-83.
张丽娜. 苜草素对蛋鸡生产性能及其鸡蛋与组织脂质的影响. 江苏:扬州大学, 2010.
张若曦, 苑望, 伍晓雄, 等. 共轭亚油酸对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢及 visfatin 基因表达水平的影响. 中国实验动物学报, 2009, 17(6): 452-456.
Massberg S, Brand K, Grner S, et al. A critical role of platelet adhesion in the initiation of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2002, 196(7): 887-896.
Moreno J J, Teresa Mitjavila M. The degree of unsaturation of dietary fatty acids and the development of atherosclerosis (review). The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2003, 14(4): 182-195.
Khaleeel A E, Gad M Z, El-Maraghy S A, et al. Study of hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic properties of Medicago sativa L. cultivated in Egypt. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2005, 13(3): 212-218.
Mallnow M, Mclaughlin P, Kohler G, et al. Prevention of elevated cholesterolemia in monkeys by alfalfa saponins. Steroids, 1977, 29(1): 105-110.
Yu C H, Xie G, He R R, et al. Effects of a purified saponin mixture from alfalfa on plasma lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice. Journal of Health Science, 2011, 57(5): 401-405.
Mallnow M, Mcnulty W, Houghton D, et al. Lack of toxicity of alfalfa saponins in cynomolgus macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology, 1982, 11(2): 106.
刘凯, 余书勤. 苜蓿皂甙对胆固醇排泄和内皮细胞释放一氧化氮的影响. 徐州医学院学报, 1999, 19(6): 442-444.
Harwood H J, Chandler C E, Pellarin L D, et al. Pharmacologic consequences of cholesterol absorption inhibition: alteration in cholesterol metabolism and reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration induced by the synthetic saponin beta-tigogenin cellobioside (CP-88818; tiqueside). Journal of Lipid Research, 1993, 34(3): 377-395.
Malinow M. Saponins and cholesterol metabolism. Atherosclerosis, 1984, 50(1): 117.
Malinow M, Mclaughlin P, Papworth L, et al. Effect of alfalfa saponins on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1977, 30(12): 2061-2067.
Bays H, Dujovne C. Colesevelam HCl: a non-systemic lipidaltering drug. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2003, 4(5): 779-790.
Turley S D, Dietschy J M. Sterol absorption by the small intestine. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 2003, 14(3): 233-240.
Turley S D, Dietschy J M. The intestinal absorption of biliary and dietary cholesterol as a drug target for lowering the plasma cholesterol level. Preventive Cardiology, 2003, 6(1): 29-64.
王先科, 史莹华, 王成章, 等. 苜蓿皂甙对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及肝脏 ACAT-2 和 HMG-CoAr 基因表达的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(3): 287-293.
王先科, 史莹华, 王成章, 等. 苜蓿皂苷对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及其相关基因表达的影响. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(5): 983-990.
李燕, 凌文华. 胆固醇和脂肪酸对 CYP7A1 的调节. 国外医学(内科学分册), 2004, 31(1): 1-4.
Yu L, Li-Hawkins J, Hammer R E, et al. Overexpression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 promotes biliary cholesterol secretion and reduces fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2002, 110(5): 671-680.
Yu L, Hammer R E, Li-Hawkins J, et al. Disruption of Abcg5 and Abcg8 in mice reveals their crucial role in biliary cholesterol secretion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2002, 99(25): 16237-16242.

[1]	张前兵,艾尼娃尔·艾合买提,于磊,鲁为华,常青. 绿洲区不同灌溉方式及灌溉量对苜蓿田土壤盐分运移的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 69-77.
[2]	王绍飞,罗永聪,张新全,黄琳凯,马啸,刘恋. 14个多花黑麦草品种(系)在川西南地区生产性能综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 87-94.
[3]	王勇,原现军,郭刚,闻爱友,王坚,肖慎华,余成群,巴桑,邵涛. 西藏不同饲草全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 95-102.
[4]	王鸿泽,王之盛,康坤,邹华围,申俊华,胡瑞. 玉米粉和乳酸菌对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 103-110.
[5]	覃方锉,赵桂琴,焦婷,韩永杰,侯建杰,宋旭东. 含水量及添加剂对燕麦捆裹青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 119-125.
[6]	邱小燕,原现军,郭刚,闻爱友,余成群,巴桑,邵涛. 添加糖蜜和乙酸对西藏发酵全混合日粮青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 111-118.
[7]	史传奇,刘玫,王臣,张欣欣,程薪宇. 东北野豌豆族植物叶形态结构的研究及其分类学意义[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 157-166.
[8]	韩宝贺,朱宏. 镉胁迫对白三叶的富集能力、叶片显微结构及其生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 167-175.
[9]	刘会杰,李胜,马绍英,张品南,时振振,杨晓明. H₂O₂胁迫下豌豆初生根及抗氧化酶系统对外源Ca²⁺的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 189-197.
[10]	张军,宋丽莉,郭东林,郭长虹,束永俊. MADS-box基因家族在蒺藜苜蓿的全基因组分析[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 233-241.
[11]	康俊梅,张铁军,王梦颖,张怡,杨青川. 紫花苜蓿QTL与全基因组选择研究进展及其应用[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 304-312.
[12]	李君临,张新全,玉柱,郭旭生,孟祥坤,罗燕,闫艳红. 含水量和乳酸菌添加剂对多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 342-348.
[13]	漆婧华,张峰,王莺,孙国钧. 黄土高原半干旱区覆膜玉米农田氮变化动态研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 13-23.
[14]	田晨霞,张咏梅,王凯,张万. 紫花苜蓿组织解剖结构对NaHCO₃盐碱胁迫的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 133-142.
[15]	孙红,于应文,马向丽,牟晓明,廖加法. 黔西北岩溶区九种灌木综合营养价值评价[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 99-106.