盐旱交互对燕麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017433

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示燕麦对岩溶生境即钙盐、干旱环境的适应机制,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)设置0(CK)、-0.2、-0.4、-0.6、-0.8、-1.2 MPa模拟岩溶山区不同干旱环境,以氯化钙(CaCl₂)设置0(CK)、50、100、150、200 mmol·L^-1为外源钙离子浓度,模拟岩溶地区土壤钙环境,研究单一胁迫及交互胁迫对燕麦种子的萌发特征和幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,中低浓度的单一胁迫及交互胁迫均有利于促进燕麦种子萌发和增强幼苗超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶以及谷胱甘肽的活性,尤其在100 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂+-0.6 MPa PEG交互胁迫下的发芽率较对照(CK)显著提高42.17%;双因素方差分析结果验证了盐旱交互胁迫比单一胁迫对燕麦的影响更为显著(P<0.05),通过隶属函数综合评价可知燕麦耐受性强弱为:交互胁迫>单一PEG胁迫>单一CaCl₂胁迫,且燕麦受CaCl₂胁迫的临界梯度为100 mmol·L^-1,PEG胁迫的临界梯度为-0.6 MPa,交互胁迫的临界梯度为100 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂+-0.6 MPa PEG。上述结果说明,在岩溶山区的中低浓度盐旱交互区域种植燕麦能够更好地促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。本研究为燕麦在岩溶地区的引种栽培及抗逆育种研究提供了理论参考依据。

关键词: 燕麦, 干旱胁迫, 外源钙, 种子萌发, 幼苗生理

Abstract: The research aimed to study the adaptation mechanisms of oats (Avena sativa) to exposure to soil environments with high levels of calcium salts and drought, as in karst areas. PEG-6000 was used to set up solutions with 0 (CK), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.2 MPa osmotic potential, to simulate a range of drought environments in karst areas. Similarly, calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solutions of 0 (CK), 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol·L^-1 were prepared to provide exogenous calcium and simulate the range of soil calcium environments in karst areas. The effects of low osmotic potential and Ca²⁺ exposure singly and their interaction effect on the seed germination characteristics and seedling physiological characteristics of oats were studied. Both low and medium levels of osmotic stress and exposure to elevated Ca²⁺, singly or in combination, promoted the germination of oat seeds and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase in seedlings. This was especially true in seedlings subjected to 100 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂ and -0.6 MPa PEG interactive stress,where the germination rate increased significantly by 42.17% compared with the CK treatment. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effect of salt-drought interaction stress on oats was more significant than that of either single stress (P<0.05). Through comprehensive data analysis, oat tolerance of the stressors tested was found to be as follows: interaction stress>single PEG stress>single CaCl₂ stress.The exposure levels tolerated by oats under CaCl₂, PEG and interaction stresses, were 100 mmol·L^-1, -0.6 MPa, 100 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂+-0.6 MPa PEG, respectively. The above results show that in karst mountain areas, medium-low concentrations of Ca²⁺ and ormoderate drought typical in these areas can promote seed germination and seedling growth of oats. This study provides reference information for the introduction and cultivation of oats in karst areas and for further research into breeding for stress resistance.

Key words: oat, drought stress, exogenous calcium, seed germination, seedling physiology

张宇君, 赵丽丽, 王普昶, 陈超. 盐旱交互对燕麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(5): 141-152.

ZHANG Yu-jun, ZHAO Li-li, WANG Pu-chang, CHEN Chao. Effects of interaction between Ca²⁺ salt and drought stress on seed germination and seedling physiology of oats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(5): 141-152.

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