豆科与禾本科牧草间作的生长互作效应及对氮、磷养分吸收的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017475

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解牧草间作对作物生长和养分吸收的影响,以及为不同牧草优化配置、豆科和禾本科牧草间作提高结氮量提供理论依据,本试验采用随机区组试验设计,研究了间作对柱花草、扭黄茅和孔颖草的生物量和氮磷吸收的影响。结果表明,由于柱花草生物固氮,对扭黄茅和孔颖草养分吸收和生长有促进作用,与柱花草间作后的扭黄茅和孔颖草与禾本科牧草单作模式相比,能获得高的养分吸收量和产量。与各自单作对比,间作体系中的禾本科牧草生物量高于单作0.06%和26.78%;与柱花草单作对比,两个间作体系中的柱花草生物量低于单作9.70%和12.83%。扭黄茅与柱花草间作后,对氮磷的吸收量高于单作扭黄茅24.26%和35.18%,对氮磷的吸收量高于单作孔颖草40.64%和47.50%。相对于单作而言,柱花草分别与扭黄茅和孔颖草间作,对氮吸收量分别降低8.31%和28.94%,磷吸收量分别降低3.56%和20.58%。而且两种间作模式当量比均大于1,具有间作优势;柱花草/扭黄茅间作系统生产力、种间竞争能力高于柱花草/孔颖草,具有产量优势。在株行距为50 cm种植密度下,间作体系中禾本科牧草生长旺盛,柱花草的生长受到抑制,在与两个禾本科牧草间作中为弱竞争作物。结果表明,在合理的种植密度下,适合的牧草配置能够充分利用各种资源,促进种间有益作用,提高单位面积牧草产量和禾本科牧草氮磷的吸收,有利于改善牧草品质。

关键词: 豆科, 禾本科, 间作, 生长效应, 养分吸收

Abstract: This research was aimed at understanding the effects of intercropping on biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of component species in grass-legume mixtures, and providing a theoretical basis for determining optimal planting configuration of different forage grasses in grass-legume mixtures. The design was a randomized block experiment, with species studied being Stylosanthes guianensis, Heteropogon contortus and Bothriochloa pertusa, and their nutrient absorption were studied. The results indicated that intercropping of H. contortus and B. pertusa with S. guianensis enhanced nutrient absorption ability and yields, compared with monoculture, due to the biological nitrogen fixation of S. guianensis. The grass biomass values in intercropping systems were 0.06% and 26.78% higher for H. contortus and B. pertusa, respectively, than for the same species in a monoculture system. Meanwhile, S. guianensis biomass values in the two intercropping systems were 9.70% and 12.83% lower than those in an S. guianensis monoculture system. For H. contortus intercropped with S. guianensis, the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption were 24.26% and 35.18% higher than those in H. contortus monoculture. Corresponding values of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption for B. pertusa intercropped with S. guianensis were 40.64% and 47.50% higher than those in B. pertusa monoculture. Compared with monoculture, S. guianensis intercropped with H. contortus or B. pertusa showed, respectively, a 3.58% and 20.66% decrease in phosphorus absorption, and an 8.31% and 28.94% decrease in nitrogen absorption, while the two intercropping modes had a land equivalent ratio>1. Intercropping of S. guianensis and H. contortus had higher yield and interspecific competitive ability than intercropping of S. guianensis and B. pertusa. For intercropping systems with a row space of 50 cm, there was an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. guianensis because of competition from the grasses. At this row spacing, S. guianensis was less competitive crop in an intercropping system with either of the two grasses. The results show that for grass-legume intercropping systems the appropriate planting density, and species combination improves the utilization of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, and enhances grass yield and forage quality through the inclusion of the legume component.

Key words: Leguminous, Gramineae, intercropping, growth effect of pasture, nutrient absorption

张德, 龙会英, 金杰, 樊博, 赵秀梅, 韩学琴. 豆科与禾本科牧草间作的生长互作效应及对氮、磷养分吸收的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(10): 15-22.

ZHANG De, LONG Hui-ying, JIN Jie, FAN Bo, ZHAO Xiu-mei, HAN Xue-qin. Effects of growth interaction effect of Leguminous and Gramineous pasture intercropping and absorption of nutrient and phosphorus on pasture expression[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(10): 15-22.

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