AM真菌对紫花苜蓿应答蚜虫胁迫的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019150

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫花苜蓿是优质的多年生豆科牧草,广泛种植于世界各地。豌豆蚜是紫花苜蓿的主要害虫之一,其不仅可危害植物生长,还会传播多种植物病害,从而降低牧草产量和品质,造成巨大的经济损失。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌可与80%的陆生植物根系共生形成互惠共生的菌根结构,其可促进植物对矿物营养的吸收,增强植株抗逆性。以紫花苜蓿为材料,探究AM真菌对植物应答豌豆蚜胁迫的生化机理。结果表明,AM真菌可以通过促进植物生长和养分吸收,改变植株防御性酶活性以及植物激素信号物质含量来调控植物自身对蚜虫的响应。2种AM真菌根内球囊霉和幼套球囊霉均显著提高了紫花苜蓿生物量、分枝数和植株N、P含量(P<0.05)。此外,根内球囊霉显著提高了植物过氧化物酶(POD)活性,且蚜虫处理下,较不接菌处理,根内球囊霉植株的POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及激素信号物质水杨酸(SA)含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。在蚜虫处理下,相比不接菌处理,幼套球囊霉显著增强了植株POD活性(P<0.05)。蚜虫取食显著提高了植株SA含量,降低了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05);且接种AM真菌后,蚜虫处理下的根系POD活性和SA含量提升程度更大,表明AM真菌可抑制蚜虫对植株造成的负效应。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 豌豆蚜, AM真菌

Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is widely planted around the world, and is one of the most important perennial forage legumes due to its high yield and good feed quality, including a high nitrogen content. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is also important globally as an insect pest of many crops and forages. The pea aphid can cause serious production losses in alfalfa, and is also the major vector of many plant viruses. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are very important soil microorganisms which can colonize plant roots of 80% of terrestrial plant species, and then form mutualistic symbioses with the roots in natural and agricultural ecosystems. The AM fungus generally confers growth and fitness benefits on its host plants and can promote host plant nutrient uptake. The AM fungus also plays important roles in plant defenses against both biotic and abiotic stress. The present study was designed to test the effect of two AM fungi, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, on alfalfa responses to pea aphid stress. It was found that AM fungi can regulate the plant response to aphids by promoting plant growth and nutrient uptake, changing plant defense enzyme activity, and concentration of plant hormone signaling substances. Presence of R. intraradices and C. etunicatum significantly increased the biomass, branch number and N and P content of alfalfa (P<0.05). In addition, R. intraradices significantly promoted peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity. Compared to plants with no mycorrhizal treatment, AM plants had higher catalase activity and salicylic acid (SA) concentration after aphid infestation (P<0.05). C. etunicatum significantly promoted POD activity (P<0.05). SA and nitric oxide (NO) concentration of alfalfa was increased after aphid infestation, and aphid infestation significantly inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P<0.05). AM fungal colonization further promoted root P content, POD and SOD activities, and SA concentration of aphid-infested plants, which suggests that AM fungi can alleviate pea aphid damage to alfalfa.

Key words: Medicago sativa, Acyrthosiphon pisum, AM fungi

李应德, 丁婷婷, 段廷玉. AM真菌对紫花苜蓿应答蚜虫胁迫的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(1): 155-162.

LI Ying-de, DING Ting-ting, DUAN Ting-yu. Effect of AM fungi on alfalfa responses to aphid stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(1): 155-162.

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