GA3浸种对入侵植物节节麦种子破眠及发芽特性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019366

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 节节麦入侵已严重威胁到我国小麦的生产。节节麦种子具有较强的休眠特性,探讨赤霉素(GA₃)浸种对其破眠及发芽特性的影响,旨在为节节麦的后续研究提供参考。在光照和黑暗条件下,分别利用0、100、200、300、400、500 mg·L^-1的GA₃对种子进行处理,首先进行种子发芽率及发芽势的测定,并检测了500 mg·L^-1 GA₃及蒸馏水处理节节麦种子发芽过程中保护酶活性、MDA及内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:1)GA₃浸种处理提高了种子的发芽率及发芽势,其中以500 mg·L^-1 GA₃处理最为显著。此外,光照条件下种子的发芽率及发芽势均明显高于黑暗条件,表明节节麦种子的发芽需要一定光照条件;2)与蒸馏水处理相比,500 mg·L^-1的GA₃处理提高了种子内SOD及POD活性,减轻了质膜氧化损伤程度,致使MDA含量持续下降,从而促使种子朝有利于发芽的方向发展。此外,500 mg·L^-1GA₃处理在提高种子内促进生长内源GA₃、IAA及ZR含量的同时,并降低了抑制生长的内源ABA含量,致使GA₃/ABA、IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA值均明显高于蒸馏水处理,最终促进了节节麦种子的发芽。

关键词: 节节麦, 种子休眠, 赤霉素, 生理生化指标, 内源激素

Abstract: The invasion of Aegilops tauschii has seriously threatened the production of wheat in China. The seeds of A. tauschii display obvious dormancy. This research studied the effectiveness of exogenous gibberellin for breaking seed dormancy and effects on germination behavior and physiological traits of invasive A. tauschii, in order to provide technical support for control efforts. Seeds of A. tauschii were imbibed for 24 h in different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA₃) solution (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg·L^-1) or imbibed in distilled water as a Control (0 mg·L^-1 GA₃), under light or dark conditions, and seed germination rate and germination energy measured over a 35 day period. For seeds of Control and 500 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also measured at 7 day intervals over the 35 day experiment, as were endogenous levels of hormones GA₃, indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin Riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA). It was found that: 1) The Control treatment germination was 40% and 21% in light and dark conditions, respectively, and exhibited a near linear GA₃ dose response, reaching 89% and 71% in light and dark conditions, respectively, for the 500 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment. Both the GA₃ and light responses were highly statistically significant, indicating that light exposure enhanced the germination of A. tauschii. 2) Compared with the Control treatment, the activities of SOD and POD in seeds were increased in the 500 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment, the degree of cytoplasmic membrane oxidation was reduced, and the content of MDA was decreased, thus altering seed physiology in a direction favorable for germination. In addition, exogenous treatment with 500 mg·L^-1 GA₃ promoted the production of endogenous GA₃, IAA and ZR in seeds, and decreased the content of endogenous ABA, while the ratios of GA₃∶ABA, IAA∶ABA and ZR∶ABA were significantly higher than those of controls imbibed in distilled water, and these GA₃ mediated changes would also be expected to promote the germination of A. tauschii.

Key words: Aegilops tauschii, seed dormancy, gibberellin, physiological and biochemical indexes, endogenous hormones

王宁, 付亚军, 袁美丽, 刘征阳, 张铭鑫, 米银法. GA₃浸种对入侵植物节节麦种子破眠及发芽特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 73-81.

WANG Ning, FU Ya-jun, YUAN Mei-li, LIU Zheng-yang, ZHANG Ming-xin, MI Yin-fa. Effectiveness of exogenous GA₃ for dormancy breaking in invasive Aegilops tauschii, and effect on germination physiology[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 73-81.

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GA₃浸种对入侵植物节节麦种子破眠及发芽特性的影响

Effectiveness of exogenous GA₃ for dormancy breaking in invasive Aegilops tauschii, and effect on germination physiology

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