紫云英荚果分层成熟特性及其种子产量研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019201

草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 64-72.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019201

紫云英荚果分层成熟特性及其种子产量研究

张梦¹, 李本银¹, 刘春增^1,*, 吕玉虎², 张成兰¹, 陈雪青², 曹卫东³

1.河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州 450002;
2.信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳 454000;
3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081

收稿日期:2019-03-22 修回日期:2019-06-05 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-02-20
通讯作者: E-mail: liucz321@aliyun.com
作者简介:张梦(1986-),男,河南沁阳人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: 458945208@qq.com
基金资助:
国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)和河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(HNNKY-ZZCX-31)资助

A study of stratified maturity characteristics of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) pods and their seed yield

ZHANG Meng¹, LI Ben-yin¹, LIU Chun-zeng^1,*, LÜ Yu-hu², ZHANG Cheng-lan¹, CHEN Xue-qing², CAO Wei-dong³

1.Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resource and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
2.Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang 454000, China;
3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2019-03-22 Revised:2019-06-05 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-02-20
Contact: E-mail: liucz321@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫云英是我国重要的冬季绿肥,具有无限花序的生长特性。对不同时期紫云英各枝位荚果开展调查,研究荚果的成熟规律及各枝位对种子产量的贡献。结果表明,紫云英荚果生物量随生育期延长逐渐增加,第1~2枝位荚果生物量显著高于第5及以上枝位。种子总产量表现为26 d≈33 d>19 d>12 d>5 d,最高产量为123.2 g·m^-2,其中80%来自第1~4枝位荚果。荚果成熟具有明显的分层特征,第1~4枝位荚果成熟指数随时间呈现“S”形变化,于盛花期后12~26 d快速成熟;第5及以上枝位荚果成熟指数呈指数型变化,在第19~33 d快速成熟。下层枝位最大荚果长和宽、荚果内粒数、种子千粒重均显著高于上层枝位。荚果成熟度由Ⅰ级至Ⅵ级,荚色由青绿色转变为黑色,花序最大荚果长度增长2倍,宽度增长4倍,种子千粒重增长6倍。第1~3枝位种子产量随成熟指数变化的速率是第4~6⁺枝位的2.58倍。综合荚果成熟和种子产量,1~4枝位荚果应作为紫云英种子收获的主要部位,顶层荚果成熟度达Ⅳ级后收割可获最高产量。

关键词: 紫云英, 分层成熟, 荚果性状, 种子产量

Abstract: Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is widely used as a winter green manure crop in China. CMV has a long flowering period and an indeterminate flowering habit, meaning that pods at basal nodes mature first and pods at higher nodes mature later. This research was conducted in Xinyang, Henan provinces, and studied how seed yield traits change with pod maturity status at different node positions of plants and at different times after the full-bloom stage of crop development, in order to develop harvest regimes to optimize seed yield. It was found that pod biomass increased as pods matured and that pod biomass of the 1st-2nd node sites was higher than that of the 5th-6⁺th node sites. The total seed yield increased with days from full bloom (yield at 26 d≈33 d>19 d>12 d>5 d), and the maximum yield was 123.2 g·m^-2 at 33 days after full-bloom growth stage. The seeds from the 1st-4th node sites accounted for more than 80% of the total seed yield. Pod ripening was stratified and occurred in a progression from lower nodes to upper nodes. Pod maturity was measured using a Ⅰ-Ⅵ scale and the maturity index of pods on the 1st-4th node sites showed a sigmoid curve over time, while the maturity index of pods on the 5th-6⁺th node sites displayed an exponential shape. Rapid ripening occurred at 12-26 d after full-bloom for pods on the 1st-4th node sites, and at 19-33 days after full-bloom for pods on the 5th-6⁺th node sites. As maturity status progressed from Ⅰ to Ⅵ, the pod color changed from light-green to deep-black, and the pod length and width of the largest pod within each inflorescence increased up to four-fold and two-fold, respectively, while the 1000-seed weight increased six-fold. The rate of change of seed yield relative to maturity index for pods on the 1st-3rd node sites was 2.58 times that of pods on the 4th-6⁺th node sites. On the basis of the maturation patterns and seed yields observed, it is clear that the lower and middle pods should be the key focus of seed production of CMV. The time when the uppermost pods reached maturity state IV was found to be a convenient indicator of maximum crop seed yield.

Key words: Astragalus sinicus, stratified maturation, pod traits, seed yield

张梦, 李本银, 刘春增, 吕玉虎, 张成兰, 陈雪青, 曹卫东. 紫云英荚果分层成熟特性及其种子产量研究[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(2): 64-72.

ZHANG Meng, LI Ben-yin, LIU Chun-zeng, LÜ Yu-hu, ZHANG Cheng-lan, CHEN Xue-qing, CAO Wei-dong. A study of stratified maturity characteristics of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) pods and their seed yield[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(2): 64-72.

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紫云英荚果分层成熟特性及其种子产量研究

A study of stratified maturity characteristics of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) pods and their seed yield

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