干旱胁迫及复水对入侵植物节节麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018485

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以节节麦幼苗为试材,采用盆栽称重控水法,进行了28 d干旱及7 d复水处理,研究干旱胁迫及复水对节节麦幼苗叶、根生物量比等形态参数、保护酶活性等生理参数的影响。旨在探讨节节麦形态和生理特征可塑性对土壤水分变化的响应特性,为其耐旱机制研究提供参考依据。结果表明:1)干旱胁迫过程中,叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均呈持续增加的变化趋势;叶绿素含量呈先升后降变化趋势;轻度及中度干旱胁迫下超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性持续增加,而重度干旱胁迫中则呈先升后降的变化趋势;2)干旱胁迫致使节节麦幼苗叶生物量比、比叶面积下降,根生物量比及根冠比增加;3)复水后,叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸等多数指标均能迅速恢复至正常水平,表明节节麦对干旱胁迫造成的损伤具有较高的修复能力。节节麦通过一系列形态及生理特征的可塑性变化适应土壤干旱生境,从而表现出较强的耐旱性。此外,生理参数可塑性指数的均值明显大于形态参数,说明节节麦主要通过调整生理代谢以适应短期干旱胁迫。

关键词: 节节麦, 干旱胁迫, 复水, 形态参数, 生理参数

Abstract: A weighting method was used to control soil water content to produce a soil water stress gradient. The effects of drought and rewatering on the changes of the morphological and physiological parameters of potted Aegilops tauschii seedlings were measured on the 28th day after imposition of watering treatments and the 7th day following rewatering. The relative water content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde and proline content increased with increasing drought. Chlorophyll initially increased and then decreased during drought stress. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) increased in light drought and moderate drought stress, but initially increased and then decreased during strong drought. Leaf mass ratio and specific leaf area declined with drought stress, but root mass ratio and root∶shoot ratio increased with increasing stress. After rewatering, most indexes of physiological status such as relative water content and proline content recovered to the level of the control treatment (no water stress). These preliminarily results indicate that A. tauschii is well adapted to a high degrees of drought stress because of its ability to physiological metabolism.

Key words: Aegilops tauschii, drought stress, rewatering, morphological parameters, physiological parameters

王宁, 袁美丽, 陈浩, 李真真, 张铭鑫. 干旱胁迫及复水对入侵植物节节麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(1): 70-78.

WANG Ning, YUAN Mei-li, CHEN Hao, LI Zhen-zhen, ZHANG Ming-xin. Effects of drought stress and rewatering on growth and physiological characteristics of invasive Aegilops tauschii seedlings[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(1): 70-78.

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