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草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 121-130.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020026

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

二月兰种带真菌致病性研究

肖博文1(), 冯伟2(), 段廷玉1   

  1. 1.兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北 石家庄 050051
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-20 修回日期:2020-03-03 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2020-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 冯伟
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: fwnpw@163.com
    肖博文(1996-),女,四川仁寿人,在读硕士。E-mail: xiaobw15@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家绿肥技术产业体系(CARS-22)

Pathogenicity ofseed-borne fungi of Orychophragmus violaceus

Bo-wen XIAO1(), Wei FENG2(), Ting-yu DUAN1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Institute of Agro-resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
  • Received:2020-01-20 Revised:2020-03-03 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2020-12-28
  • Contact: Wei FENG

摘要:

二月兰是重要的地被、景观和绿肥作物。通过种子、离体叶片和温室盆栽试验,对分离自二月兰种子的链格孢菌,芸薹生链格孢,细极链格孢,黑附球菌,变红镰刀菌,顶孢哈氏霉,细基格孢属等5属7种可培养真菌进行了致病性测定。结果表明,7种真菌可致二月兰种子萌发后烂种烂芽率16.50%~68.50%,其中芸薹生链格孢、顶孢哈氏霉可引致种子发芽率降低18.18%~27.27%。7种种带真菌分别引致二月兰离体叶片出现褪绿和坏死腐烂等症状,发病率100%,病斑面积8.84%~99.38%,病情指数22.50~95.00。盆栽条件下,种带真菌均可致植物出现萎蔫褪绿和坏死叶斑等症状,病株率100%,叶片发病率41.56%~79.88%,病情指数16.22~56.93。与对照(不接种带真菌)相比,种带真菌侵染二月兰植株后第9天植物丙二醛(MDA)含量增加30.40%~204.15%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性变幅为-1.81%~82.87%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高18.78%~86.14%,叶绿素含量(SPAD值)降低13.24%~37.85%。致病性试验表明,芸薹生链格孢致病性最强,顶孢哈氏霉致病性最弱。

关键词: 二月兰, 绿肥, 种带真菌, 致病性

Abstract:

Orychophragmus violaceus is an important ground cover, landscape, and green manure crop species. Seven species of seed-borne fungi in five genera were isolated from the seeds of O. violaceus, and their pathogenicity was determined in seed germination, in vitro leaf inoculation, and greenhouse potted plant tests. The seed-borne fungi were Alternaria alternataAlternaria brassicicolaAlternaria tenuissimaEpicoccum nigrumFusarium incarnatumHarzia acremonioides, and Ulocladium sp. The percentages of seed rot and seedling rot caused by the seed-borne fungi ranged from 16.50% to 68.50%. A. brassicicola and H. acremonioides caused the seed germination percentage to decrease by 18.18%-27.27%. All the fungi caused symptoms such as chlorosis and leaf rot when inoculated onto O. violaceus leaves in vitro: the disease incidence was 100%, the lesion area was 8.84%-99.38%, and the disease index was 22.50-95.00. In potted greenhouse-grown O. violaceus plants, the seed-borne fungi caused wilt, chlorosis, leaf spot, or leaf rot symptoms. The percentage of diseased seedlings was 100%, the diseased leaf rate was 41.56%-79.88%, and the disease index was 16.22-56.93. We compared various biochemical indexes between control plants (not inoculated with seed-borne fungi) and those infected with seed-borne fungi at 9 days after inoculation. Compared with the control plants, the infected plants showed 30.40%-204.15% increases in malondialdehyde content, -1.81%-82.87% and 18.78%-86.14% increases in peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, respectively, and 13.24%-37.85% reductions in SPAD value. The results of the pathogenicity tests showed that A. brassicicola and H. acremonioides had the strongest and weakest pathogenicity against O. violaceus, respectively.

Key words: Orychophragmus violaceus, green manure, seed borne fungi, pathogenicity