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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 88-100.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020525

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

五爪金龙两种化感作用途径释放的化学成分分析及其效应研究

陈金慧1,3(), 马慧燕2,3, 陈煜1,3, 何禾1,3()   

  1. 1.海南大学生态与环境学院,海南 海口 570228
    2.海南大学林学院,海南 海口 570228
    3.海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室,海南 海口 570228
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-30 修回日期:2021-02-25 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2021-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 何禾
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: graminese@126.com
    陈金慧(1997-),女,山西临汾人,学士。E-mail: 1104503975@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    海南省自然科学基金项目(419QN174);海南省自然科学基金项目(420MS118);国家自然科学基金项目(31660145);海南大学科研启动项目(hdkyqd201601)

A study of chemicals released as volatiles or by rain leaching from Ipomoea cairica and their allelopathic effects

Jin-hui CHEN1,3(), Hui-yan MA2,3, Yu CHEN1,3, He HE1,3()   

  1. 1.College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China
    2.College of Foresty,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China
    3.Key laboratory of Ago-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China
  • Received:2020-11-30 Revised:2021-02-25 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2021-12-22
  • Contact: He HE

摘要:

五爪金龙是我国华南地区具有强入侵性的外来植物,其入侵机制与化感作用间的关系备受学者关注。通过模拟自然条件下五爪金龙挥发和淋溶两种途径的作用,发现这两种途径对三叶鬼针草和生菜种子发芽率、发芽速率表现出不同程度的抑制。继而采取顶空固相微萃取及树脂洗脱法分别收集这两种途径释放的物质,并用气相色谱与质谱联用法分析各自成分。结果表明,五爪金龙叶片挥发物被检测出18种萜烯类化合物,其中石竹烯(28.17%),β-罗勒烯(16.59%),α-蒎烯(13.65%)和β-柏木烯(9.43%)相对含量较多。淋溶水主要为酚酸类,肉桂酸(39.21%),琥珀酸(15.15%),丙酸(11.12%)及月桂酸(9.38%)相对含量居于前四。在定量得出上述主要物质实际浓度后,进一步处理受试植物发现,淋溶途径释放的肉桂酸和月桂酸显著抑制两种受体植物的种子发芽率和发芽速率,丙酸和琥珀酸则对两种受体植物大部分指标无显著影响。此外,4种主要叶片挥发物对受体植物种子萌发的影响也有明显差异,β-柏木烯和石竹烯的作用明显强于α-蒎烯和β-罗勒烯。综上所述,挥发与淋溶是五爪金龙重要的化感效应作用途径,它们分别产生以萜烯及酚酸类为代表的物质,且这两类物质对受体植物种子萌发能形成抑制,但不同物质对受体植物的抑制程度显著不同。由此可见外来植物五爪金龙产生的化感物质可以通过多种途径释放并发挥作用,其中的关键物质则对其化感作用效果产生决定性影响。

关键词: 化感作用, 五爪金龙, 挥发, 淋溶, 萜烯类, 酚酸类

Abstract:

The invasive alien plant Ipomoea cairica is widespread throughout South China. Allelopathy has been considered a key mechanism to explain the invasiveness of this species. In this research, bioassays showed that the germination of Bidens pilosa and Lactuca sativa seeds was significantly inhibited when mimicking the natural volatile and leaching conditions that would occur near plants of I. cairica. Substances released in these two ways were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatiles from I. cairica contained 18 terpenes, of which caryophyllene (28.17%), β-ocimene (16.59%), α-pinene (13.65%), and (+)-β-cedrene (9.43%) had the highest relative contents. The rain leachates were mainly phenolic acids, with the four with highest relative contents being cinnamic acid (39.21%), succinic acid (15.15%), propionic acid (11.12%) and lauric acid (9.38%). Further analyses of these eight main chemicals were conducted to determine their actual concentrations in collected vapors and leachates. At these actual concentrations, laboratory bioassay results showed that cinnamic acid and lauric acids significantly inhibited the seed germination of B. pilosa and L. sativa seeds. In contrast, propionic acid and succinic acid didn’t show a significant adverse effect. Similarly, for the main volatiles present, the germination of B. pilosa and L. sativa seeds was significantly inhibited by treatment with (+)-β-cedrene and caryophyllene, while there was no noticeable effect when the seeds were treated with α-pinene or β-ocimene. In summary, some terpenes and phenolic acids were phytotoxic to other plant species when they were released as volatiles or by rain leaching from I. cairica.

Key words: allelopathic effects, Ipomoea cairica, volatile, rain leaching, terpenes, phenolic acids