草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 178-189.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021128
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
赵娟娟1(), 车大璐1, 郭玮婷2, 张伟涛3, 刘连超4, 赵俐辰1, 高玉红1(), 孙新胜5(), 李雪梅1(), 王媛6
收稿日期:
2021-04-07
修回日期:
2021-05-17
出版日期:
2022-05-20
发布日期:
2022-03-30
通讯作者:
高玉红,孙新胜,李雪梅
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: gyhsxs0209@126.com, 2002444908@sohu.com, meinyli@126.com基金资助:
Juan-juan ZHAO1(), Da-lu CHE1, Wei-ting GUO2, Wei-tao ZHANG3, Lian-chao LIU4, Li-chen ZHAO1, Yu-hong GAO1(), Xin-sheng SUN5(), Xue-mei LI1(), Yuan WANG6
Received:
2021-04-07
Revised:
2021-05-17
Online:
2022-05-20
Published:
2022-03-30
Contact:
Yu-hong GAO,Xin-sheng SUN,Xue-mei LI
摘要:
针对目前生产中绵羊遭受热应激的现状,研究了热应激条件下复方中药对杂交羊(小尾寒羊×内蒙古细毛羊)生产性能、生理参数和血液理化指标的影响。选择4味中草药(香薷、大黄、厚朴和黄芩),按3∶3∶2∶2进行组方。选择240只、体重(36.61±0.73) kg相近的育肥后期杂交绵羊,随机分为4组,各组羊分别饲喂含干物质含量的0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的复方中药,每组60只羊。试验期为28 d,试验期间羊舍温湿指数平均达79.68。结果表明:1)从生理指标上,日粮中添加不同剂量的中药可显著降低羊的呼吸频率(P<0.05),并提高了羊的躺卧比例,尤其是下午12:00-16:00,较对照组提高了13.38%~19.15%。2)从生产性能上,饲喂中药显著提高了羊的平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),不同中药组的ADFI较对照组提高了1.05%~7.21%(P<0.05),ADG和料重比(F/G)以0.5%组效果最好,ADG较对照组提高了12.12%(P<0.05),F/G降低了14.68%(P<0.05)。3)从血液理化指标上,饲喂中药组的血清甲状腺素(T4)和皮质醇(COR)含量分别表现出增加和降低趋势(P<0.05),尤其0.5%组,T4含量较对照组提高了13.97%(P<0.05),而COR含量降低了33.15%(P<0.05)。从血清常规代谢营养指标看,各组间尿素氮(BUN)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量均表现出显著性差异(P<0.05),0.5%组GLU含量较对照组极显著提高(P<0.01),而BUN含量显著下降(P<0.05)。4)从经济效益分析,饲喂0.5%~1.5%中药可使增重效益提高了7.50%~13.91%,0.5%组净收益最高(4.85元·d-1·只-1)。可见,该复方中药可以有效缓解杂交小尾寒羊的热应激,添加日粮干物质的0.5%最佳。
赵娟娟, 车大璐, 郭玮婷, 张伟涛, 刘连超, 赵俐辰, 高玉红, 孙新胜, 李雪梅, 王媛. 复方中药对热应激条件下杂交小尾寒羊生产性能、生理参数和血液理化指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(5): 178-189.
Juan-juan ZHAO, Da-lu CHE, Wei-ting GUO, Wei-tao ZHANG, Lian-chao LIU, Li-chen ZHAO, Yu-hong GAO, Xin-sheng SUN, Xue-mei LI, Yuan WANG. Effect of a Chinese medicine formula on the performance and physiological and blood biochemical parameters of hybrid Small-Tail Han sheep under heat stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5): 178-189.
原料Material | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn (%) | 43.0 | 代谢能Metabolizable energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 11.15 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 5.0 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %) | 15.07 |
棉粕Cotton meal (%) | 4.6 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 27.01 |
花生饼Peanut cake (%) | 4.3 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 17.38 |
豆腐渣Tofu (%) | 10.0 | 粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %) | 2.78 |
酒糟Distiller (%) | 10.0 | 钙Calcium (Ca, %) | 0.51 |
花生秧Peanut seedling (%) | 20.0 | 磷Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.25 |
小苏打NaHCO3 (%) | 0.5 | ||
盐NaCl (%) | 0.6 | ||
预混料Premix1) (%) | 2.0 | ||
合计Total (%) | 100.0 |
表1 基础日粮组成及营养水平
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)
原料Material | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn (%) | 43.0 | 代谢能Metabolizable energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 11.15 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 5.0 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %) | 15.07 |
棉粕Cotton meal (%) | 4.6 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 27.01 |
花生饼Peanut cake (%) | 4.3 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 17.38 |
豆腐渣Tofu (%) | 10.0 | 粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %) | 2.78 |
酒糟Distiller (%) | 10.0 | 钙Calcium (Ca, %) | 0.51 |
花生秧Peanut seedling (%) | 20.0 | 磷Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.25 |
小苏打NaHCO3 (%) | 0.5 | ||
盐NaCl (%) | 0.6 | ||
预混料Premix1) (%) | 2.0 | ||
合计Total (%) | 100.0 |
周期 Preiod (d) | 剂量 Dose | 呼吸频率 Respiratory rate (times·min-1) | 直肠温度 Rectal temperature (℃) | 体表温度 Skin temperature (℃) |
---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 0 | 119.09±2.81 | 39.33±0.09 | 35.81±0.30 |
0.5% | 108.17±4.24 | 39.53±0.07 | 35.52±0.13 | |
1.0% | 111.33±5.99 | 39.60±0.06 | 35.34±0.33 | |
1.5% | 109.08±3.48 | 39.80±0.25 | 35.44±0.20 | |
14 | 0 | 115.92±3.41 | 39.78±0.14 | 35.95±0.26 |
0.5% | 102.13±2.45 | 39.53±0.08 | 35.30±0.22 | |
1.0% | 103.93±4.27 | 39.65±0.11 | 35.24±0.25 | |
1.5% | 109.80±2.52 | 39.75±0.10 | 35.30±0.06 | |
21 | 0 | 113.71±2.42 | 39.80±0.23 | 35.61±0.13 |
0.5% | 105.27±2.33 | 39.48±0.09 | 35.07±0.24 | |
1.0% | 107.47±4.30 | 39.70±0.15 | 35.27±0.42 | |
1.5% | 106.60±4.08 | 39.78±0.09 | 35.13±0.31 | |
28 | 0 | 112.88±3.13 | 39.76±0.05 | 35.34±0.05 |
0.5% | 106.31±2.34 | 39.36±0.06 | 34.96±0.33 | |
1.0% | 107.50±3.15 | 39.58±0.10 | 34.79±0.25 | |
1.5% | 108.88±2.91 | 39.44±0.09 | 34.99±0.43 | |
P | 剂量 Dose | 0.015 | 0.083 | 0.151 |
周期Period | 0.049 | 0.195 | 0.079 | |
剂量×周期Dose×period | 0.735 | 0.611 | 0.991 |
表2 复方中药对育肥羊生理指标的影响
Table 2 The effect of compound Chinese medicine on the physiological indexes of fattening sheep
周期 Preiod (d) | 剂量 Dose | 呼吸频率 Respiratory rate (times·min-1) | 直肠温度 Rectal temperature (℃) | 体表温度 Skin temperature (℃) |
---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 0 | 119.09±2.81 | 39.33±0.09 | 35.81±0.30 |
0.5% | 108.17±4.24 | 39.53±0.07 | 35.52±0.13 | |
1.0% | 111.33±5.99 | 39.60±0.06 | 35.34±0.33 | |
1.5% | 109.08±3.48 | 39.80±0.25 | 35.44±0.20 | |
14 | 0 | 115.92±3.41 | 39.78±0.14 | 35.95±0.26 |
0.5% | 102.13±2.45 | 39.53±0.08 | 35.30±0.22 | |
1.0% | 103.93±4.27 | 39.65±0.11 | 35.24±0.25 | |
1.5% | 109.80±2.52 | 39.75±0.10 | 35.30±0.06 | |
21 | 0 | 113.71±2.42 | 39.80±0.23 | 35.61±0.13 |
0.5% | 105.27±2.33 | 39.48±0.09 | 35.07±0.24 | |
1.0% | 107.47±4.30 | 39.70±0.15 | 35.27±0.42 | |
1.5% | 106.60±4.08 | 39.78±0.09 | 35.13±0.31 | |
28 | 0 | 112.88±3.13 | 39.76±0.05 | 35.34±0.05 |
0.5% | 106.31±2.34 | 39.36±0.06 | 34.96±0.33 | |
1.0% | 107.50±3.15 | 39.58±0.10 | 34.79±0.25 | |
1.5% | 108.88±2.91 | 39.44±0.09 | 34.99±0.43 | |
P | 剂量 Dose | 0.015 | 0.083 | 0.151 |
周期Period | 0.049 | 0.195 | 0.079 | |
剂量×周期Dose×period | 0.735 | 0.611 | 0.991 |
周期 Preiod (d) | 剂量 Dose | 采食量 Feed intake (kg) | 饮水量 Drinking water (L) | 周期 Preiod (d) | 剂量 Dose | 采食量 Feed intake (kg) | 饮水量 Drinking water (L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 0 | 1.30±0.04 | 4.27±0.22 | 28 | 0 | 1.43±0.05 | 3.72±0.15 |
0.5% | 1.29±0.02 | 4.30±0.12 | 0.5% | 1.46±0.04 | 3.89±0.24 | ||
1.0% | 1.40±0.02 | 4.20±0.24 | 1.0% | 1.57±0.05 | 3.99±0.15 | ||
1.5% | 1.40±0.02 | 4.22±0.22 | 1.5% | 1.47±0.04 | 3.78±0.14 | ||
14 | 0 | 1.36±0.12 | 4.07±0.18 | P | 剂量 Dose | 0.016 | 0.123 |
0.5% | 1.38±0.03 | 4.27±0.13 | 周期 Period | 0.005 | 0.382 | ||
1.0% | 1.42±0.08 | 4.36±0.22 | 剂量×周期 Dose×period | 0.753 | 0.842 | ||
1.5% | 1.39±0.07 | 4.22±0.07 | |||||
21 | 0 | 1.41±0.08 | 3.98±0.17 | ||||
0.5% | 1.41±0.09 | 4.10±0.09 | |||||
1.0% | 1.50±0.07 | 4.11±0.18 | |||||
1.5% | 1.43±0.07 | 4.07±0.07 |
表3 复方中药对育肥羊采食量和饮水量的影响
Table 3 Effect of compound Chinese medicine on feed intake and drinking water of fattening sheep
周期 Preiod (d) | 剂量 Dose | 采食量 Feed intake (kg) | 饮水量 Drinking water (L) | 周期 Preiod (d) | 剂量 Dose | 采食量 Feed intake (kg) | 饮水量 Drinking water (L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 0 | 1.30±0.04 | 4.27±0.22 | 28 | 0 | 1.43±0.05 | 3.72±0.15 |
0.5% | 1.29±0.02 | 4.30±0.12 | 0.5% | 1.46±0.04 | 3.89±0.24 | ||
1.0% | 1.40±0.02 | 4.20±0.24 | 1.0% | 1.57±0.05 | 3.99±0.15 | ||
1.5% | 1.40±0.02 | 4.22±0.22 | 1.5% | 1.47±0.04 | 3.78±0.14 | ||
14 | 0 | 1.36±0.12 | 4.07±0.18 | P | 剂量 Dose | 0.016 | 0.123 |
0.5% | 1.38±0.03 | 4.27±0.13 | 周期 Period | 0.005 | 0.382 | ||
1.0% | 1.42±0.08 | 4.36±0.22 | 剂量×周期 Dose×period | 0.753 | 0.842 | ||
1.5% | 1.39±0.07 | 4.22±0.07 | |||||
21 | 0 | 1.41±0.08 | 3.98±0.17 | ||||
0.5% | 1.41±0.09 | 4.10±0.09 | |||||
1.0% | 1.50±0.07 | 4.11±0.18 | |||||
1.5% | 1.43±0.07 | 4.07±0.07 |
项目 Items | 组别 Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | |
平均日采食量ADFI (kg) | 1.43±0.15b | 1.46±0.24ab | 1.57±0.15a | 1.47±0.14ab |
平均日增重 ADG (g) | 242.59±10.35b | 276.06±8.48a | 271.08±10.58ab | 266.75±11.31ab |
料重比 F/G | 6.13±0.29a | 5.23±0.17b | 5.79±0.25ab | 5.87±0.30ab |
表4 不同剂量复方中药对育肥羊生产性能的影响
Table 4 The effect of different doses of compound Chinese medicine on performance of fattening sheep
项目 Items | 组别 Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | |
平均日采食量ADFI (kg) | 1.43±0.15b | 1.46±0.24ab | 1.57±0.15a | 1.47±0.14ab |
平均日增重 ADG (g) | 242.59±10.35b | 276.06±8.48a | 271.08±10.58ab | 266.75±11.31ab |
料重比 F/G | 6.13±0.29a | 5.23±0.17b | 5.79±0.25ab | 5.87±0.30ab |
项目 Items | 组别 Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | |
三碘甲状腺原氨酸 T3 (ng·mL-1) | 32.50±0.82a | 35.64±0.79a | 32.76±1.55a | 34.21±1.49a |
甲状腺素 T4 (ng·mL-1) | 984.05±48.17b | 1121.50±34.20a | 1097.97±29.92ab | 1099.82±28.80ab |
生长激素 GH (ng·mL-1) | 0.85±0.14a | 1.38±0.04a | 1.33±0.23a | 1.14±0.31a |
皮质醇 COR (ng·mL-1) | 27.27±1.33a | 18.23±1.44b | 21.09±0.39ab | 22.37±3.37ab |
葡萄糖 GLU (mmol·L-1) | 3.69±0.19B | 4.65±0.16Aa | 4.03±0.22Aab | 3.91±0.21Ab |
尿素氮 BUN (mmol·L-1) | 9.47±0.37a | 7.56±0.91b | 8.05±0.37ab | 9.00±0.40ab |
总蛋白 TP (g·L-1) | 76.53±1.58ab | 80.72±0.97a | 75.16±2.01b | 77.66±0.61ab |
白蛋白 ALB (g·L-1) | 39.50±1.12a | 40.92±0.78a | 39.34±0.84a | 38.61±0.71a |
球蛋白 GLB (g·L-1) | 35.62±1.98a | 40.87±2.47a | 36.29±2.50a | 37.89±2.11a |
表5 不同剂量复方中药对育肥羊血清理化指标的影响
Table 5 The effect of different doses of compound Chinese medicine on biochemical parameters in serum of fattening sheep
项目 Items | 组别 Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | |
三碘甲状腺原氨酸 T3 (ng·mL-1) | 32.50±0.82a | 35.64±0.79a | 32.76±1.55a | 34.21±1.49a |
甲状腺素 T4 (ng·mL-1) | 984.05±48.17b | 1121.50±34.20a | 1097.97±29.92ab | 1099.82±28.80ab |
生长激素 GH (ng·mL-1) | 0.85±0.14a | 1.38±0.04a | 1.33±0.23a | 1.14±0.31a |
皮质醇 COR (ng·mL-1) | 27.27±1.33a | 18.23±1.44b | 21.09±0.39ab | 22.37±3.37ab |
葡萄糖 GLU (mmol·L-1) | 3.69±0.19B | 4.65±0.16Aa | 4.03±0.22Aab | 3.91±0.21Ab |
尿素氮 BUN (mmol·L-1) | 9.47±0.37a | 7.56±0.91b | 8.05±0.37ab | 9.00±0.40ab |
总蛋白 TP (g·L-1) | 76.53±1.58ab | 80.72±0.97a | 75.16±2.01b | 77.66±0.61ab |
白蛋白 ALB (g·L-1) | 39.50±1.12a | 40.92±0.78a | 39.34±0.84a | 38.61±0.71a |
球蛋白 GLB (g·L-1) | 35.62±1.98a | 40.87±2.47a | 36.29±2.50a | 37.89±2.11a |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | |
中药成本Cost of herb (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 0 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.42 |
饲料成本Feed cost (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 2.27 | 2.30 | 2.44 | 2.36 |
增重成本Weight gain cost (Yuan·kg-1) | 9.46 | 8.21 | 9.38 | 9.07 |
育肥羊销售价格Sheep sale price (Yuan·kg-1) | 26.40 | 26.40 | 26.40 | 26.40 |
增重效益Weight gain income (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 6.40 | 7.29 | 6.88 | 6.86 |
净收益Net income (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 4.13 | 4.85 | 4.16 | 4.08 |
表6 经济效益分析
Table 6 Economic benefit analysis
项目 Item | 组别 Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | |
中药成本Cost of herb (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 0 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.42 |
饲料成本Feed cost (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 2.27 | 2.30 | 2.44 | 2.36 |
增重成本Weight gain cost (Yuan·kg-1) | 9.46 | 8.21 | 9.38 | 9.07 |
育肥羊销售价格Sheep sale price (Yuan·kg-1) | 26.40 | 26.40 | 26.40 | 26.40 |
增重效益Weight gain income (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 6.40 | 7.29 | 6.88 | 6.86 |
净收益Net income (Yuan·d-1·piece-1) | 4.13 | 4.85 | 4.16 | 4.08 |
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