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草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 184-192.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019432

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

早期补饲粉状精料和颗粒料对羔羊生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响

孙大明1,2,**, 殷雨洋3,**, 吴建良4, 刘理想1,2, 毛胜勇1,2, 刘军花1,2,*   

  1. 1.国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室,南京农业大学消化道微生物研究室,江苏 南京210095;
    2.动物科学类国家级实验教学示范中心,南京农业大学,江苏 南京210095;
    3.湖州市农业科学研究院湖羊研究所,浙江 湖州313000;
    4.浙江省农业科学院, 浙江 杭州 310016
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-10 修回日期:2019-12-02 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-07-20
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: liujunhua0011@163.com
  • 作者简介:孙大明(1993-),男,山东聊城人,在读博士。E-mail: sundm128@163.com;殷雨洋(1987-),男,安徽阜阳人,畜牧师,硕士。E-mail: yinyuyang@163.com。 **共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31501980),南京农业大学动物科技学院青年人才拔尖项目(DKQB201904)和湖州市公益性应用计划项目(2017GY18)资助

Effect of early mashed and pelleted concentrate starter supplementation on animal performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract in lambs

SUN Da-ming1,2,**, YIN Yu-yang3,**, WU Jian-liang4, LIU Li-xiang1,2, MAO Sheng-yong1,2, LIU Jun-hua1,2,*   

  1. 1. National Centre for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing 210095, China;
    2. National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
    3. Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China;
    4. Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310016, China
  • Received:2019-10-10 Revised:2019-12-02 Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-07-20

摘要: 旨在研究断奶前补饲粉状精料和颗粒料对羔羊生长性能及整个胃肠道发育的影响,为颗粒料在幼龄反刍动物上的合理使用提供依据。试验选取18只体重相近、体况良好的新生湖羊(公羔),在其12日龄时与母羊分离,饲喂按一定比例配置好的羊奶粉(羊奶粉:水=1:10)。经过3 d适应期后将其随机分为对照组(control group,n=9)和试验组(treatment group,n=9):对照组羔羊自由采食粉状精料,试验组羔羊自由采食颗粒料。两组羔羊每只每天均给予相同的奶粉量(600 mL·d-1),所有羔羊自由饮水。试验过程每天记录羔羊采食量,每周于晨饲前称量羔羊体重。羔羊42日龄时颈静脉采血后屠宰采样,称量胃肠道各部位重量,采集胃肠道各部位组织样品进行上皮形态测定。结果显示,与补饲粉状精料相比,补饲颗粒料显著增加羔羊第6周龄(P=0.047)的平均日采食量,显著增加羔羊第4(P=0.030)和第5周龄(P=0.019)的平均日增重。早期补饲颗粒料显著增加第4(P=0.048)、5(P<0.001)和6周龄(P<0.001)的羔羊体重。与补饲粉状精料相比,补饲颗粒料对羔羊胃肠道重量和肠道长度无显著(P>0.05)影响;显著增加羔羊瘤胃乳头的长(P<0.001)、宽(P<0.001)和上皮吸收面积(P=0.038),但对瘤胃上皮乳头个数(P=0.230)无显著影响。通过HE染色观察胃肠道上皮结构,结果显示,与补饲粉状精料相比,补饲颗粒料显著增加了羔羊瘤胃上皮颗粒层厚度(P=0.027),但对瘤胃上皮角质层(P=0.577)、棘基层(P=0.153)和上皮总厚度无显著影响(P=0.486)。补饲颗粒料显著增加了羔羊十二指肠绒毛高度(P<0.001)和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P<0.001)、显著降低了十二指肠隐窝深度(P=0.010)。补饲颗粒料显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P=0.010)、对空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值有增加的趋势(P=0.087),但对空肠绒毛高度无显著影响(P=0.258)。补饲颗粒料显著增加了回肠绒毛高度(P<0.001)和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P=0.002),但对回肠隐窝深度(P=0.761)无显著影响。两组羔羊盲肠上皮(P=0.266)和结肠上皮(P=0.526)厚度无显著差异。以上结果表明,与补饲粉状精料相比,补饲颗粒料显著促进了羔羊瘤胃上皮和小肠上皮的发育,但对后肠上皮的发育无显著影响。

关键词: 颗粒料, 生产性能, 胃肠道发育, 羔羊

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early mashed and pelleted concentrate starter supplementation on animal performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract in pre-weaned lambs. The findings may provide a basis for the use of pellets in ruminant husbandry. In the present study, 18 newborn Hu lambs with similar birth weights were selected and separated from the ewes at 12 days of age and fed with goat milk powder (goat milk powder:water=1:10). After a three-day acclimation period, they were randomly divided into a control group (n=9, Con) and a treatment group (n=9, TG). The Con lambs received mashed concentrate ad libitum while the TG lambs received pelleted concentrate ad libitum. The two groups of lambs were given the same daily ration of milk powder (600 mL·d-1). All lambs had free access to clean drinking water throughout the experimental period. During the experimental period, the feed intake of the lambs was recorded daily, and the lambs were weighed weekly to determine their weight gain. At the end of the feeding trial (42 days), all lambs were slaughtered, skinned and each part of the gastrointestinal tract was weighed. Tissue samples from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract were collected and sections were taken for epithelial morphometry. The results obtained revealed that pellet supplementation significantly (P=0.047) increased average daily feed intake of lambs at the age of 6 weeks compared to the control group. Pellet supplementation also significantly increased the average daily gain of lambs aged 4 weeks (P=0.030) and 5 weeks (P=0.019). Pellet supplementation significantly increased body weight of lambs aged 4 weeks (P=0.048), 5 weeks (P<0.001), and 6 weeks (P<0.001). There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the two groups of lambs in the weight or length of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the length (P<0.001) and width (P<0.001) of the rumen papillae, and absorptive area of ruminal epithelium (P=0.038) were significantly increased by pellet supplementation. The gastrointestinal epithelial structure was observed using hematoxylin eosin staining and it was found that, compared with mashed concentrate, pellet supplementation significantly increased the thickness of the stratum granulosum of the rumen epithelium (P=0.027). The treatment group was observed to have significantly higher duodenal villus height (P<0.001) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P<0.001) but had a significantly lower duodenal crypt depth (P=0.010) compared to the control group. The pellet supplementation also significantly reduced jejunal crypt depth (P=0.010) and increased the ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth (P=0.087), but did not affect the jejunum villus height (P=0.258). The pellet supplementation significantly increased ileal villus height (P<0.001) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P=0.002), but the ileal crypt depths of lambs in both groups were similar (P=0.761). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the cecal epithelium (P=0.266) and colonic epithelium (P=0.526) between the two groups of lambs. These results show that pellet supplementation significantly promoted the development of the rumen epithelium and intestinal epithelium of the lambs, but did not affect the development of the hindgut epithelium.

Key words: pellets, performance, gastrointestinal development, lamb