草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 61-68.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021151
高瑞1(), 艾宁1,2(), 刘广全2, 刘长海1, 强方方1
收稿日期:
2021-04-20
修回日期:
2021-06-01
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-05-11
通讯作者:
艾宁
作者简介:
E-mail: aining_office@126.com基金资助:
Rui GAO1(), Ning AI1,2(), Guang-quan LIU2, Chang-hai LIU1, Fang-fang QIANG1
Received:
2021-04-20
Revised:
2021-06-01
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-05-11
Contact:
Ning AI
摘要:
为了解鄂尔多斯聚鑫龙煤矿不同修复年限林下草本植物群落特征及其与土壤因子的耦合关系,以修复年限为3~7年的林下草本植物群落与土壤因子为研究对象,并以人工草地和撂荒地作为对照,调查不同样地草本群落物种组成及其土壤理化性质,并利用灰色关联耦合模型法对草本植物群落与土壤因子的关系进行研究,探明二者的响应机制。结果表明:1)研究区共调查草本植物种类55种,其中主要以禾本科、菊科和豆科为主,三者共占比为60%。2)随着修复年限增加,林下草本植物种数呈现先减少后增加的趋势,且逐渐接近于人工草地的植物种数;草本群落的Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,而Pielou指数和Simpson指数变化不明显。3)研究区草本植物群落多样性与土壤粉粒、砂粒、pH和土壤容重关系较为密切。4)研究区草本植物的多样性与土壤的耦合协调程度随修复年限增加呈现“升高-降低-升高”的变化趋势,其中修复7年样地的草本植物与土壤耦合度最高(0.72),为中度协调。研究表明研究区林下草本植物多样性与土壤系统的协调程度表现出良性发展的趋势,但还未达到最佳的协调程度。
高瑞, 艾宁, 刘广全, 刘长海, 强方方. 煤矿复垦区不同修复年限林下草本群落特征及其与土壤耦合关系[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(6): 61-68.
Rui GAO, Ning AI, Guang-quan LIU, Chang-hai LIU, Fang-fang QIANG. Characteristics of understory herb communities across time during restoration in coal mine reclamation areas and their coupling with soil properties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(6): 61-68.
样地编号 Sample number | 样地类型 Plot type | 修复年限 Restore year (yr) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 株距×行距 Plant spacing (m)×row spacing (m) | 基径 Base diameter (cm) | 高度 Height (cm) | 郁闭度 Canopy closure(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 7 | 1360 | 2×2 | 3.0±0.11 | 157±3.37 | 55 |
2 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 6 | 1360 | 2×2 | 3.5±0.11 | 166±4.64 | 55 |
3 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 5 | 1370 | 2×2 | 3.7±0.13 | 183±4.04 | 60 |
4 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 4 | 1370 | 2×2 | 3.2±0.10 | 172±2.80 | 85 |
5 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 3 | 1340 | 2×2 | 3.2±0.13 | 138±2.62 | 40 |
6 | 撂荒地Abandoned land | 7 | 1390 | / | / | / | 20 |
7 | 人工草地Artificial grassland | 7 | 1390 | / | / | / | 65 |
表1 标准地基本信息
Table 1 Basic information of sample land
样地编号 Sample number | 样地类型 Plot type | 修复年限 Restore year (yr) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 株距×行距 Plant spacing (m)×row spacing (m) | 基径 Base diameter (cm) | 高度 Height (cm) | 郁闭度 Canopy closure(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 7 | 1360 | 2×2 | 3.0±0.11 | 157±3.37 | 55 |
2 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 6 | 1360 | 2×2 | 3.5±0.11 | 166±4.64 | 55 |
3 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 5 | 1370 | 2×2 | 3.7±0.13 | 183±4.04 | 60 |
4 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 4 | 1370 | 2×2 | 3.2±0.10 | 172±2.80 | 85 |
5 | 沙棘林Seabuckthorn forest | 3 | 1340 | 2×2 | 3.2±0.13 | 138±2.62 | 40 |
6 | 撂荒地Abandoned land | 7 | 1390 | / | / | / | 20 |
7 | 人工草地Artificial grassland | 7 | 1390 | / | / | / | 65 |
耦合度Coupling degree (C) | 0≤C<0.4 | 0.4≤C<0.5 | 0.5≤C<0.6 | 0.6≤C<0.7 | 0.7≤C<0.8 | 0.8≤C<0.9 | 0.9≤C<1.0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
协调评价 Type of coordination | 严重不协调 Serious incoordination | 中度不协调 Middle incoordination | 轻度不协调 Light incoordination | 弱协调 Light coordination | 中度协调 Middle coordination | 良好协调 Favorable coordination | 优质协调 Superior coordination |
表2 系统耦合协调度标准
Table 2 Standard of system coupling coordination
耦合度Coupling degree (C) | 0≤C<0.4 | 0.4≤C<0.5 | 0.5≤C<0.6 | 0.6≤C<0.7 | 0.7≤C<0.8 | 0.8≤C<0.9 | 0.9≤C<1.0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
协调评价 Type of coordination | 严重不协调 Serious incoordination | 中度不协调 Middle incoordination | 轻度不协调 Light incoordination | 弱协调 Light coordination | 中度协调 Middle coordination | 良好协调 Favorable coordination | 优质协调 Superior coordination |
修复年限 Restore year (yr) | 物种数总数 Total number of plant species | 重要值前五位 Top five importance values | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 26 | 狗尾草 Setaria viridis | 黄花蒿 Artemisia annua | 苦苣 Sonchus oleraceus | 芦苇 Phragmites australis | 芨芨草 A. splendens |
0.2187 | 0.1003 | 0.0821 | 0.0645 | 0.0610 | ||
6 | 23 | 黄花蒿 A. annua | 鹅绒藤 Cynanchum chinense | 苦苣 S. oleraceus | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 刺儿菜 Cirsium setosum |
0.1476 | 0.1335 | 0.1234 | 0.0721 | 0.0454 | ||
5 | 13 | 黄花蒿 A. annua | 狗尾草 S. viridis | 羊茅草 Festuca | 稗草 Echinochloa crusgalli | 芦苇 P. australis |
0.1280 | 0.1204 | 0.1093 | 0.0985 | 0.0978 | ||
4 | 15 | 黄花蒿 A. annua | 稗草 E. crusgalli | 油蒿 Artemisia ordosica | 角蒿 Incarvillea sinensis | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana |
0.1903 | 0.1484 | 0.1171 | 0.0867 | 0.0821 | ||
3 | 20 | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 稗草 E. crusgalli | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 拂子茅 Calamagrostis epigeios |
0.1135 | 0.0966 | 0.0952 | 0.0883 | 0.0811 | ||
撂荒地 Abandoned land | 28 | 大籽蒿 A. sieversiana | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 铁杆蒿 Artemisia sacrorum | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense | 茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris |
0.1035 | 0.0816 | 0.0787 | 0.0787 | 0.0612 | ||
人工草地 Artificial grassland | 32 | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense | 芦苇 P. australis | 大籽蒿 A. sieversiana | 细叶葱 Allium tenuissimum |
0.1107 | 0.0794 | 0.0768 | 0.0729 | 0.0677 |
表3 不同修复年限林下草本植物群落概况
Table 3 General situation of herbaceous plant communities under forests with different restoration years
修复年限 Restore year (yr) | 物种数总数 Total number of plant species | 重要值前五位 Top five importance values | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | 26 | 狗尾草 Setaria viridis | 黄花蒿 Artemisia annua | 苦苣 Sonchus oleraceus | 芦苇 Phragmites australis | 芨芨草 A. splendens |
0.2187 | 0.1003 | 0.0821 | 0.0645 | 0.0610 | ||
6 | 23 | 黄花蒿 A. annua | 鹅绒藤 Cynanchum chinense | 苦苣 S. oleraceus | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 刺儿菜 Cirsium setosum |
0.1476 | 0.1335 | 0.1234 | 0.0721 | 0.0454 | ||
5 | 13 | 黄花蒿 A. annua | 狗尾草 S. viridis | 羊茅草 Festuca | 稗草 Echinochloa crusgalli | 芦苇 P. australis |
0.1280 | 0.1204 | 0.1093 | 0.0985 | 0.0978 | ||
4 | 15 | 黄花蒿 A. annua | 稗草 E. crusgalli | 油蒿 Artemisia ordosica | 角蒿 Incarvillea sinensis | 大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana |
0.1903 | 0.1484 | 0.1171 | 0.0867 | 0.0821 | ||
3 | 20 | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 稗草 E. crusgalli | 羊草 Leymus chinensis | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 拂子茅 Calamagrostis epigeios |
0.1135 | 0.0966 | 0.0952 | 0.0883 | 0.0811 | ||
撂荒地 Abandoned land | 28 | 大籽蒿 A. sieversiana | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 铁杆蒿 Artemisia sacrorum | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense | 茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris |
0.1035 | 0.0816 | 0.0787 | 0.0787 | 0.0612 | ||
人工草地 Artificial grassland | 32 | 芨芨草 A. splendens | 鹅绒藤 C. chinense | 芦苇 P. australis | 大籽蒿 A. sieversiana | 细叶葱 Allium tenuissimum |
0.1107 | 0.0794 | 0.0768 | 0.0729 | 0.0677 |
土壤因子 Soil factor | Margalef指数 Margalef index | Pielou指数 Pielou index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index |
---|---|---|---|---|
黏粒Clay | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.61 |
粉粒Silt | 0.78 | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.64 |
砂粒Sand | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
土壤水分Soil moisture | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.69 |
土壤容重Soil bulk density | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.84 |
饱和含水量Saturation moisture content | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
毛管持水量Capillary capacity | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
总孔隙度Total porosity | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.56 |
pH值pH value | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.57 | 0.54 |
电导率Electric conductivity | 0.68 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.72 |
有机质Organic matter | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.78 |
速效磷Available phosphorus | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.73 |
速效钾Available potassium | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.59 |
速效氮Available nitrogen | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.50 | 0.62 |
表4 植物多样性与土壤耦合矩阵
Table 4 Plant diversity and soil coupling matrix
土壤因子 Soil factor | Margalef指数 Margalef index | Pielou指数 Pielou index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index |
---|---|---|---|---|
黏粒Clay | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.61 |
粉粒Silt | 0.78 | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.64 |
砂粒Sand | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
土壤水分Soil moisture | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.69 |
土壤容重Soil bulk density | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.84 |
饱和含水量Saturation moisture content | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
毛管持水量Capillary capacity | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
总孔隙度Total porosity | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.56 |
pH值pH value | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.57 | 0.54 |
电导率Electric conductivity | 0.68 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.72 |
有机质Organic matter | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.78 |
速效磷Available phosphorus | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
全磷Total phosphorus | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.73 |
速效钾Available potassium | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.59 |
速效氮Available nitrogen | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.50 | 0.62 |
修复年限Restore year | 耦合度Coupling | 协调类型Coordination type |
---|---|---|
7 | 0.72 | 中度协调Middle coordination |
6 | 0.67 | 弱协调Light coordination |
5 | 0.62 | 弱协调Light coordination |
4 | 0.70 | 中度协调Middle coordination |
3 | 0.67 | 弱协调Light coordination |
撂荒地Abandoned land | 0.66 | 弱协调Light coordination |
人工草地Artificial grassland | 0.48 | 中度不协调Middle incoordination |
表5 不同修复年限样地植物多样性与土壤系统耦合协调评价模型
Table 5 Coordination evaluation model of plant diversity and soil system coupling in different restoration years
修复年限Restore year | 耦合度Coupling | 协调类型Coordination type |
---|---|---|
7 | 0.72 | 中度协调Middle coordination |
6 | 0.67 | 弱协调Light coordination |
5 | 0.62 | 弱协调Light coordination |
4 | 0.70 | 中度协调Middle coordination |
3 | 0.67 | 弱协调Light coordination |
撂荒地Abandoned land | 0.66 | 弱协调Light coordination |
人工草地Artificial grassland | 0.48 | 中度不协调Middle incoordination |
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