草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 113-123.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021323
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李晨芹1,2,3(), 李军乔1,2,3(), 王鑫慈1,2,3, 牛永昆1,2,3, 曲俊儒1,2,3
收稿日期:
2021-08-30
修回日期:
2021-10-18
出版日期:
2022-04-20
发布日期:
2022-01-25
通讯作者:
李军乔
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: ljqlily2002@126.com基金资助:
Chen-qin LI1,2,3(), Jun-qiao LI1,2,3(), Xin-ci WANG1,2,3, Yong-kun NIU1,2,3, Jun-ru QU1,2,3
Received:
2021-08-30
Revised:
2021-10-18
Online:
2022-04-20
Published:
2022-01-25
Contact:
Jun-qiao LI
摘要:
对从青海省湟源县蕨麻人工种植基地的蕨麻块根部位分离得到的菌株D2进行了致病性检测、形态学观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定,同时开展相关生物学特性研究,结果表明,分离所得菌株D2为镰刀菌Fusarium perseae,是蕨麻根腐病的病原真菌。生物学特性研究表明,菌株D2菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25、30和25 ℃,菌丝致死温度为64 ℃ (10 min),全光照条件不利于菌丝生长。pH值5.0~12.0菌丝均能较好生长,弱碱条件更利于其生长和产孢。该菌能利用多种碳、氮源,最适碳源为果糖,最适氮源为牛肉浸膏,部分碳、氮源可以促进菌株D2产生绿色色素。D2菌株对氮的有效利用表现为有机氮>硝态氮>铵态氮,而铵态氮更利于其产孢。因此,在蕨麻人工种植田间应当多注意田园卫生和水肥管理,防止蕨麻根腐病的发生与蔓延。该研究结果可为蕨麻根腐病的诊断及防控提供较为可靠的基础理论依据。
李晨芹, 李军乔, 王鑫慈, 牛永昆, 曲俊儒. 蕨麻根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(4): 113-123.
Chen-qin LI, Jun-qiao LI, Xin-ci WANG, Yong-kun NIU, Jun-ru QU. Isolation, identification, and biological characteristics of Fusarium perseae isolated from Potentilla anserina roots[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(4): 113-123.
图1 蕨麻根腐病症状a: 健康植株根部The roots of healthy P. anserina; b: 健康植株根部及其根际土壤The roots of healthy P. anserina and its interstate soil; c: 健康植株块根The earthnut of healthy P. anserina; d: 健康植株横切面The cross-section of healthy P. anserina; e: 发病植株根部The roots of diseased P. anserina; f: 密布白色菌丝的发病植株根部The roots of diseased P. anserina with white mycelium densely; g: 黑褐色的蕨麻块根 The dark brown earthnut of P. anserina; h: 发病块根的横切面The cross-section of diseased P. anserina.
Fig.1 P. anserina root rot symptoms
图2 菌株D2致病性测定结果(离体回接)a: 无伤口离体回接CK Control group (no wound in vitro inoculation); b: 无伤口离体回接处理Treatment group (no wound in vitro inoculation); c: 有伤口离体回接CK Control group (wound in vitro inoculation); d: 有伤口离体回接处理Treatment group (wound in vitro inoculation).
Fig.2 Pathogenicity determination results of strains D2 (in vitro inoculation)
图3 菌株D2致病性测定结果(活体回接)a: 植株感病叶部位症状Symptoms of the diseased leaves; b: 植株感病茎基部症状Symptoms of the base of the diseased stem; c: 植株感病块根部位症状Symptoms of the diseased earthnut; d: 感病块根的横切面The cross-section of the diseased earthnut; e: 健康植株块根The earthnut of healthy P. anserina; f: 健康块根的横切面The cross-section of the healthy earthnut; g: 感病植株Diseased P. anserina; h: 健康植株CK Healthy P. anserina (CK).
Fig.3 Pathogenicity determination results of strains D2 (in vivo inoculation)
图4 菌株D2在PDA培养基上的菌落形态及显微形态a: 菌落形态 (正面) Colonial morphology (front); b: 菌落形态(背面) Colonial morphology (back); c: 有隔菌丝Septahypha; d: 产孢结构Conidiogenous structure; e: 大型分生孢子Macroconidium; f: 小型分生孢子Microconidium; g: 厚垣孢子Chlamydospore.
Fig.4 Colony and microscopic morphologies of D2 on PDA medium
图6 不同生物学特性对菌株D2菌丝生长和产孢的影响不同小写字母表示数据在0.05水平上差异显著。下同。Different lowercase letters represented significant differences at 0.05 levels. The same below.
Fig.6 Effects of different biological characteristics on mycelium growth and sporulation of strain D2
处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 产孢量 Sporulation (×105·mL-1) |
---|---|---|
缺碳对照 No carbon source (C1) | 4.67±0.07Aa | 16.67±1.67Aa |
葡萄糖 Glucose (C2) | 5.43±0.02Cd | 93.33±4.41Bb |
蔗糖Sucrose (C3) | 5.18±0.07BCc | 223.33±7.26Ee |
乳糖Lactose (C4) | 4.65±0.08Aa | 178.33±8.82Dd |
可溶性淀粉Soluble starch (C5) | 5.37±0.07Ccd | 236.67±7.26Ee |
果糖Fructose (C6) | 4.98±0.07Bb | 263.33±7.26Ff |
甘露醇Mannitol (C7) | 5.28±0.02Ccd | 141.67±1.67Cc |
表1 不同碳源对病原菌菌丝生长及产孢的影响
Table 1 Effects of different carbon source on mycelium growth and sporulation
处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 产孢量 Sporulation (×105·mL-1) |
---|---|---|
缺碳对照 No carbon source (C1) | 4.67±0.07Aa | 16.67±1.67Aa |
葡萄糖 Glucose (C2) | 5.43±0.02Cd | 93.33±4.41Bb |
蔗糖Sucrose (C3) | 5.18±0.07BCc | 223.33±7.26Ee |
乳糖Lactose (C4) | 4.65±0.08Aa | 178.33±8.82Dd |
可溶性淀粉Soluble starch (C5) | 5.37±0.07Ccd | 236.67±7.26Ee |
果糖Fructose (C6) | 4.98±0.07Bb | 263.33±7.26Ff |
甘露醇Mannitol (C7) | 5.28±0.02Ccd | 141.67±1.67Cc |
图7 菌株D2在不同碳源培养基上的菌落形态a~g分别为C1~C7不同培养基培养D2菌株第5天的菌落正面图;A~G分别为C1~C7不同培养基培养D2菌株第5天的菌落背面图。Pictures (a-g) show the colonial morphology (front) with different carbon sources (C1-C7) on the fifth day; Pictures (A-G) show the colonial morphology (back) with different carbon sources (C1-C7) on the fifth day.
Fig.7 Colony morphologies of D2 on different carbon source medium
处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 产孢量 Sporulation (×105·mL-1) |
---|---|---|
缺氮对照 No nitrogen source (N1) | 4.22±0.04Dd | 153.33±4.41Bb |
甘氨酸Glycine (N2) | 4.47±0.04Ee | 241.67±6.67Dd |
磷酸二氢铵Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (N3) | 2.45±0.03Aa | 280.00±7.64Ee |
硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate (N4) | 3.17±0.03Bb | 186.67±3.33Cc |
硫酸铵Ammonium sulphate (N5) | 3.27±0.03Bb | 320.00±8.66Ff |
蛋白胨Peptone (N6) | 3.53±0.02Cc | 90.00±0.00Aa |
牛肉浸膏Beef extract (N7) | 4.27±0.02Dd | 285.00±7.64Ee |
硝酸钠Sodium nitrate (N8) | 5.18±0.07Ff | 223.33±7.26Dd |
表2 不同氮源对病原菌菌丝生长及产孢的影响
Table 2 Effects of different nitrogen source on mycelium growth and sporulation
处理 Treatment | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 产孢量 Sporulation (×105·mL-1) |
---|---|---|
缺氮对照 No nitrogen source (N1) | 4.22±0.04Dd | 153.33±4.41Bb |
甘氨酸Glycine (N2) | 4.47±0.04Ee | 241.67±6.67Dd |
磷酸二氢铵Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (N3) | 2.45±0.03Aa | 280.00±7.64Ee |
硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate (N4) | 3.17±0.03Bb | 186.67±3.33Cc |
硫酸铵Ammonium sulphate (N5) | 3.27±0.03Bb | 320.00±8.66Ff |
蛋白胨Peptone (N6) | 3.53±0.02Cc | 90.00±0.00Aa |
牛肉浸膏Beef extract (N7) | 4.27±0.02Dd | 285.00±7.64Ee |
硝酸钠Sodium nitrate (N8) | 5.18±0.07Ff | 223.33±7.26Dd |
图8 菌株D2在不同氮源培养基上的菌落形态a~h分别为N1~N8不同培养基培养D2菌株第5天的菌落正面图;A~H分别为N1~N8不同培养基培养D2菌株第5天的菌落背面图。Pictures (a-h) show the colonial morphology (front) with different nitrogen sources (N1-N8) on the fifth day; Pictures (A-H) show the colonial morphology (back) with different nitrogen sources (N1-N8) on the fifth day.
Fig.8 Colony morphologies of D2 on different nitrogen source medium
培养基 Medium | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 产孢量 Sporulation (×105·mL-1) |
---|---|---|
蕨麻煎汁培养基 P. anserina juice medium (JM) | 4.35±0.08Aa | 251.67±3.33BCc |
硝酸钠为氮源的蕨麻煎汁培养基 P. anserina juice medium with sodium nitrate (JMN) | 4.33±0.04Aa | 261.67±10.14Cc |
葡萄糖为碳源的蕨麻煎汁培养基 P. anserina juice medium with glucose (JMC) | 5.18±0.09Bb | 353.33±1.67Dd |
Luria-Bertani培养基Lysogeny broth medium (LB) | 4.50±0.00Aa | 155.00±10.41Aa |
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基 Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) | 5.28±0.03Bb | 351.67±7.26Dd |
查贝克氏培养基 Czapek’s medium (CZ) | 5.18±0.07Bb | 223.33±7.26Bb |
表3 培养基对病原菌菌丝生长及产孢的影响
Table 3 Effects of medium on mycelium growth and sporulation
培养基 Medium | 菌落直径 Colony diameter (cm) | 产孢量 Sporulation (×105·mL-1) |
---|---|---|
蕨麻煎汁培养基 P. anserina juice medium (JM) | 4.35±0.08Aa | 251.67±3.33BCc |
硝酸钠为氮源的蕨麻煎汁培养基 P. anserina juice medium with sodium nitrate (JMN) | 4.33±0.04Aa | 261.67±10.14Cc |
葡萄糖为碳源的蕨麻煎汁培养基 P. anserina juice medium with glucose (JMC) | 5.18±0.09Bb | 353.33±1.67Dd |
Luria-Bertani培养基Lysogeny broth medium (LB) | 4.50±0.00Aa | 155.00±10.41Aa |
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基 Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) | 5.28±0.03Bb | 351.67±7.26Dd |
查贝克氏培养基 Czapek’s medium (CZ) | 5.18±0.07Bb | 223.33±7.26Bb |
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