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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 113-123.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021323

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

蕨麻根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

李晨芹1,2,3(), 李军乔1,2,3(), 王鑫慈1,2,3, 牛永昆1,2,3, 曲俊儒1,2,3   

  1. 1.青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海 西宁 810000
    2.青海民族大学青藏高原蕨麻研究中心,青海 西宁 810000
    3.青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海 西宁 810000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-30 修回日期:2021-10-18 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 李军乔
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: ljqlily2002@126.com
    李晨芹(1997-),女,四川成都人,在读硕士。E-mail: qin1067519402@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省自然科学基金资助项目(2021-ZJ-911);青海民族大学2021年研究生创新项目(54M2021001)

Isolation, identification, and biological characteristics of Fusarium perseae isolated from Potentilla anserina roots

Chen-qin LI1,2,3(), Jun-qiao LI1,2,3(), Xin-ci WANG1,2,3, Yong-kun NIU1,2,3, Jun-ru QU1,2,3   

  1. 1.College of Ecological Environment and Resources,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810000,China
    2.Tibetan Plateau Juema Research Centre,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810000,China
    3.Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of High Value Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants,Xining 810000,China
  • Received:2021-08-30 Revised:2021-10-18 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-01-25
  • Contact: Jun-qiao LI

摘要:

对从青海省湟源县蕨麻人工种植基地的蕨麻块根部位分离得到的菌株D2进行了致病性检测、形态学观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定,同时开展相关生物学特性研究,结果表明,分离所得菌株D2为镰刀菌Fusarium perseae,是蕨麻根腐病的病原真菌。生物学特性研究表明,菌株D2菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为25、30和25 ℃,菌丝致死温度为64 ℃ (10 min),全光照条件不利于菌丝生长。pH值5.0~12.0菌丝均能较好生长,弱碱条件更利于其生长和产孢。该菌能利用多种碳、氮源,最适碳源为果糖,最适氮源为牛肉浸膏,部分碳、氮源可以促进菌株D2产生绿色色素。D2菌株对氮的有效利用表现为有机氮>硝态氮>铵态氮,而铵态氮更利于其产孢。因此,在蕨麻人工种植田间应当多注意田园卫生和水肥管理,防止蕨麻根腐病的发生与蔓延。该研究结果可为蕨麻根腐病的诊断及防控提供较为可靠的基础理论依据。

关键词: 蕨麻, 镰刀菌属, 病原真菌, 生物学特性

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the causal pathogen of root rot from Juema (Potentilla anserina). Samples were collected from the roots of Juema plants with root rot at the Juema artificial planting base in Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province, China. Strain D2 isolated from diseased samples was comprehensively evaluated in terms of its pathogenicity, morphology, rDNA-ITS sequence, and biological characteristics. The isolated strain D2 was identified as Fusarium perseae, a pathogenic fungus of Juema causing root rot. The optimum temperatures for mycelium growth, sporulation, and spore germination of strain D2 were 25, 30 and 25 ℃, respectively. The lethal temperature for mycelia was 64 ℃ (10 min), and constant light conditions were not optimal for mycelial growth. Strain D2 was able to grow in a pH range of 5.0 to 12.0, and weak alkali conditions were more conducive to its growth and sporulation. The strain was able to use a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources, with fructose as the optimal carbon source and beef extract as the optimum nitrogen source. Some carbon and nitrogen sources promoted the production of a green pigment in strain D2. The types of nitrogen sources were ranked, from most to least efficient utilization by D2, as follows: Organic nitrogen>nitrate nitrogen>ammonium nitrogen. Ammonium nitrogen was more conducive to sporulation. These findings indicate that more attention should be paid to pastoral hygiene and water/fertilizer management to prevent the occurrence and spread of root rot at the Juema artificial planting base. These results provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis and prevention of the root rot in Juema.

Key words: Potentilla anserina, Fusarium spp., pathogenic fungi, biological characteristics