草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 112-121.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022014
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
陈映霞(), 杜雨, 王玉祥(), 张博(), 阿迪莱·阿布都热合曼
收稿日期:
2022-01-07
修回日期:
2022-03-03
出版日期:
2023-01-20
发布日期:
2022-11-07
通讯作者:
王玉祥,张博
作者简介:
E-mail: xjauzb@sina.com基金资助:
Ying-xia CHEN(), Yu DU, Yu-xiang WANG(), Bo ZHANG(), Abduriherman ADILE
Received:
2022-01-07
Revised:
2022-03-03
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2022-11-07
Contact:
Yu-xiang WANG,Bo ZHANG
摘要:
以乌苏1号无芒雀麦为材料,设置2个生长环境(荒漠绿洲区、高海拔地带),通过观测幼穗分化进程及开花习性,探究生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化及生殖格局的影响。结果表明,无芒雀麦幼穗分化从分蘖期开始至抽穗期结束,分为初生期、伸长期、结节期、小穗原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期和完穗期8个时期。幼穗分化是从生长锥顶端第1枝梗原基与小花原基开始分化,相同小枝梗上原基与小花原基均是自下逐渐向上发育;整穗是从顶部向下逐渐开花,下部枝梗开花时间小于上部枝梗;小穗上的小花由下向上逐步开花。与荒漠绿洲区相比,高海拔地带的无芒雀麦幼穗分化时间晚,周期缩短,穗部赤霉素(GA)、脱落酸(ABA)及叶片可溶性蛋白含量相对较高,细胞分裂素(CTK)含量和种子千粒重较低,但高海拔地带单穗成熟种子粒数与单位面积内种子产量高,更适合无芒雀麦种子生产。
陈映霞, 杜雨, 王玉祥, 张博, 阿迪莱·阿布都热合曼. 生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化进程及生殖格局的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(1): 112-121.
Ying-xia CHEN, Yu DU, Yu-xiang WANG, Bo ZHANG, Abduriherman ADILE. Young spike differentiation and reproductive pattern of Bromus inermis in different habitats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(1): 112-121.
幼穗分化时期 Young spike differentiation stages | 时间Time (月-日Month-day) | 幼穗长度Young spike length (mm) | 物候期 Phenophase | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
三坪Sanping | 谢家沟Xiejiagou | 三坪Sanping | 谢家沟Xiejiagou | ||
初生期Vegetative stage | 04-09-04-10 | 05-07-05-08 | <0.10 | <0.10 | 分蘖期Tillering stage |
伸长期Elongation stage | 04-11-04-14 | 05-09-05-11 | 0.41±0.009a | 0.45±0.012a | 分蘖期Tillering stage |
结节期Single ridge stage | 04-15-04-21 | 05-12-05-17 | 1.39±0.015b | 1.47±0.012a | 分蘖期Tillering stage |
小穗原基分化期Spikelet primordial stage | 04-22-04-25 | 05-18-05-20 | 8.61±0.113b | 9.20±0.159a | 拔节期Jointing stage |
小花原基分化期Floret primordial stage | 04-26-04-29 | 05-21-05-24 | 22.06±0.520b | 27.65±0.635a | 拔节期Jointing stage |
雌雄蕊原基分化期Stamen primordial formation stage | 04-30-05-04 | 05-23-05-27 | 91.56±0.885b | 101.86±1.436a | 孕穗期Booting stage |
雌雄蕊形成期Stamen formation stage | 05-05-05-11 | 05-28-06-01 | 166.93±1.302b | 176.28±1.331a | 孕穗期Booting stage |
完穗期Spike completion stage | 05-12-05-20 | 06-02-06-09 | 188.81±1.743b | 210.40±1.990a | 抽穗期Heading stage |
表1 不同地区幼穗分化时期与穗长变化以及所处物候期关系
Table 1 The relationship between young spike differentiation stages, differentiation length and phenological in different regions
幼穗分化时期 Young spike differentiation stages | 时间Time (月-日Month-day) | 幼穗长度Young spike length (mm) | 物候期 Phenophase | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
三坪Sanping | 谢家沟Xiejiagou | 三坪Sanping | 谢家沟Xiejiagou | ||
初生期Vegetative stage | 04-09-04-10 | 05-07-05-08 | <0.10 | <0.10 | 分蘖期Tillering stage |
伸长期Elongation stage | 04-11-04-14 | 05-09-05-11 | 0.41±0.009a | 0.45±0.012a | 分蘖期Tillering stage |
结节期Single ridge stage | 04-15-04-21 | 05-12-05-17 | 1.39±0.015b | 1.47±0.012a | 分蘖期Tillering stage |
小穗原基分化期Spikelet primordial stage | 04-22-04-25 | 05-18-05-20 | 8.61±0.113b | 9.20±0.159a | 拔节期Jointing stage |
小花原基分化期Floret primordial stage | 04-26-04-29 | 05-21-05-24 | 22.06±0.520b | 27.65±0.635a | 拔节期Jointing stage |
雌雄蕊原基分化期Stamen primordial formation stage | 04-30-05-04 | 05-23-05-27 | 91.56±0.885b | 101.86±1.436a | 孕穗期Booting stage |
雌雄蕊形成期Stamen formation stage | 05-05-05-11 | 05-28-06-01 | 166.93±1.302b | 176.28±1.331a | 孕穗期Booting stage |
完穗期Spike completion stage | 05-12-05-20 | 06-02-06-09 | 188.81±1.743b | 210.40±1.990a | 抽穗期Heading stage |
图1 无芒雀麦幼穗分化过程A: 初生期Vegetative stage (×130); B: 伸长期Elongation stage (×100); C~F: 结节期Single ridge stage: C: 第1枝梗原基分化期Primary branch primordial stage (×120); D: 第2枝梗分化期Secondary branch primordial stage (×134); E: 第3枝梗分化期Third branch primordial stage (×130); F: 第3枝梗原基分化期侧面图Third branch primordial stage (side face, ×86); G~H: 小穗原基分化期Spikelet primordial stage (×90, ×2); I: 小花原基分化期Floret primordial stage (×140); J: 雌雄蕊原基分化期Stamen primordial formation stage (×113); K: 药隔形成期Stamen connective formation stage (×90); L: 小花原基分化期的穗Young spike of floret primordial stage (×7); M: 雌雄蕊形成期的雌蕊Pistil of stamen formation stage (×62); N: 雌雄蕊形成期的花药Stamens of stamen formation stage (×30); O: 雌雄蕊形成期的子房Ovary of stamen formation stage (×25); P: 完穗期的雌蕊Pistil of spike completion stage (×9); Q: 完穗期的雄蕊Stamens of spike completion stage (×4); R: 完穗期的小穗The young spike of spike completion stage (×2); S: 开花期Flowering stage (×1).
Fig.1 Differentiation process of young spike of B. inermis
处理 Treatment | 开花期 Flowering stage (月-日Month-day) | 盛花期 Full bloom stage (月-日Month-day) | 小穗开花期天数 Spikelet flowering days (d) | 当日开花时间 Flowering time of the day (h) | 每小穗小花数 Number of floret per spikelet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
三坪Sanping | 05-21-06-01 | 05-23-05-29 | 7 | 17:00-20:00 | 4~9 |
谢家沟Xiejiagou | 06-10-06-18 | 06-12-06-16 | 5 | 17:00-20:00 | 4~9 |
表2 不同地区无芒雀麦开花习性
Table 2 The flowering habit of B. inermis in different regions
处理 Treatment | 开花期 Flowering stage (月-日Month-day) | 盛花期 Full bloom stage (月-日Month-day) | 小穗开花期天数 Spikelet flowering days (d) | 当日开花时间 Flowering time of the day (h) | 每小穗小花数 Number of floret per spikelet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
三坪Sanping | 05-21-06-01 | 05-23-05-29 | 7 | 17:00-20:00 | 4~9 |
谢家沟Xiejiagou | 06-10-06-18 | 06-12-06-16 | 5 | 17:00-20:00 | 4~9 |
图2 无芒雀麦幼穗分化各时期穗部内源激素及叶片可溶性蛋白含量的变化GA: 赤霉素Gibberellin; CTK: 细胞分裂素Cytokinin; ABA: 脱落酸Abscisic acid. Ⅰ: 初生期Vegetative stage, Ⅱ: 伸长期Elongation stage, Ⅲ: 结节期Single ridge stage, Ⅳ: 小穗原基分化期Spikelet primordial stage, Ⅴ: 小花原基分化期Floret primordial stage, Ⅵ: 雌雄蕊原基分化期Stamen primordial formation stage, Ⅶ: 雌雄蕊形成期Stamen formation stage, Ⅷ: 完穗期Spike completion stage; 不同小写字母表示相同地区不同时期间差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示相同时期不同地区间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among stages at the same regions at 0.05 level; Different capital letters indicate significant differences between regions at the same stages at 0.05 level. 下同The same below.
Fig.2 Changes of endogenous hormones and leaf soluble protein content in young spike of B. inermis at different stages of spike differentiation
处理 Treatment | 分蘖数 Number of tiller (No.?m-2) | 生殖枝数 Number of shoots (No.?m-2) | 每花序小花数 Number of floret per inflorescence | 每花序种子数 Number of seeds per inflorescence | 花序长度 Spike length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
三坪Sanping | 759.10±14.67a | 470.40±11.28a | 399.30±16.52a | 90.90±2.14b | 18.78±0.24b |
谢家沟Xiejiagou | 758.60±17.94a | 496.30±18.40a | 386.00±6.63a | 108.50±3.40a | 20.91±0.55a |
处理 Treatment | 每花序小穗数 Number of spikelets per inflorescence | 单株株高 Individual plant height (cm) | 千粒重 1000 grain weight (g) | 种子产量 Seed yield (kg·hm-2) | 结实率 Seed setting rate (%) |
三坪Sanping | 49.40±1.36a | 83.56±1.39b | 3.653±0.08a | 1582.39±65.52b | 22.78±0.49b |
谢家沟Xiejiagou | 44.40±1.33b | 107.42±2.58a | 3.139±0.06b | 1795.87±11.62a | 28.56±1.78a |
表3 不同生境对无芒雀麦产量性状的影响
Table 3 Effects of different habitats on yield and traits of B. inermis
处理 Treatment | 分蘖数 Number of tiller (No.?m-2) | 生殖枝数 Number of shoots (No.?m-2) | 每花序小花数 Number of floret per inflorescence | 每花序种子数 Number of seeds per inflorescence | 花序长度 Spike length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
三坪Sanping | 759.10±14.67a | 470.40±11.28a | 399.30±16.52a | 90.90±2.14b | 18.78±0.24b |
谢家沟Xiejiagou | 758.60±17.94a | 496.30±18.40a | 386.00±6.63a | 108.50±3.40a | 20.91±0.55a |
处理 Treatment | 每花序小穗数 Number of spikelets per inflorescence | 单株株高 Individual plant height (cm) | 千粒重 1000 grain weight (g) | 种子产量 Seed yield (kg·hm-2) | 结实率 Seed setting rate (%) |
三坪Sanping | 49.40±1.36a | 83.56±1.39b | 3.653±0.08a | 1582.39±65.52b | 22.78±0.49b |
谢家沟Xiejiagou | 44.40±1.33b | 107.42±2.58a | 3.139±0.06b | 1795.87±11.62a | 28.56±1.78a |
幼穗分化时期 Young spike differentiation period | 赤霉素 GA | 排序 Sequence | 细胞分裂素 CTK | 排序 Sequence | 脱落酸 ABA | 排序 Sequence | 可溶性蛋白 SP | 排序 Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 0.5112 | 5 | 0.4686 | 15 | 0.4829 | 11 | 0.4786 | 13 |
Ⅱ | 0.4982 | 9 | 0.5026 | 8 | 0.5038 | 7 | 0.5190 | 3 |
Ⅲ | 0.5154 | 4 | 0.5045 | 6 | 0.5562 | 2 | 0.4870 | 10 |
Ⅳ | 0.4741 | 14 | 0.4654 | 16 | 0.4803 | 12 | 0.5719 | 1 |
Ⅴ | 0.5065 | 8 | 0.3749 | 16 | 0.5117 | 6 | 0.5282 | 4 |
Ⅵ | 0.4540 | 15 | 0.4791 | 13 | 0.4938 | 10 | 0.5154 | 5 |
Ⅶ | 0.5723 | 1 | 0.5080 | 7 | 0.5515 | 3 | 0.4902 | 12 |
Ⅷ | 0.5587 | 2 | 0.5027 | 9 | 0.4937 | 11 | 0.4766 | 14 |
表4 无芒雀麦产量因子与穗部内源激素及叶片可溶性蛋白含量的灰色关联性分析
Table 4 Grey correlation analysis between yield factors and endogenous hormones in spike and soluble protein content in leaves of B. inermis
幼穗分化时期 Young spike differentiation period | 赤霉素 GA | 排序 Sequence | 细胞分裂素 CTK | 排序 Sequence | 脱落酸 ABA | 排序 Sequence | 可溶性蛋白 SP | 排序 Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 0.5112 | 5 | 0.4686 | 15 | 0.4829 | 11 | 0.4786 | 13 |
Ⅱ | 0.4982 | 9 | 0.5026 | 8 | 0.5038 | 7 | 0.5190 | 3 |
Ⅲ | 0.5154 | 4 | 0.5045 | 6 | 0.5562 | 2 | 0.4870 | 10 |
Ⅳ | 0.4741 | 14 | 0.4654 | 16 | 0.4803 | 12 | 0.5719 | 1 |
Ⅴ | 0.5065 | 8 | 0.3749 | 16 | 0.5117 | 6 | 0.5282 | 4 |
Ⅵ | 0.4540 | 15 | 0.4791 | 13 | 0.4938 | 10 | 0.5154 | 5 |
Ⅶ | 0.5723 | 1 | 0.5080 | 7 | 0.5515 | 3 | 0.4902 | 12 |
Ⅷ | 0.5587 | 2 | 0.5027 | 9 | 0.4937 | 11 | 0.4766 | 14 |
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