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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 188-198.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023003

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

我国羊草产业亟待振兴

陶雅1,3(), 徐丽君2, 李峰1, 李文龙1, 孙启忠1, 徐畅1, 林克剑1()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院草原研究所,农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
    3.国家乳业技术创新中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-04 修回日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 林克剑
  • 作者简介:E-mail: linkejian@caas.cn
    陶雅(1982-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,副研究员,博士。E-mail: taoya2001@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-科研攻关-1),呼和浩特市科技计划(2022-农-重-2-2)和中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR 2016-02)

The Leymus chinensis industry in China needs to be urgently revitalized

Ya TAO1,3(), Li-jun XU2, Feng LI1, Wen-long LI1, Qi-zhong SUN1, Chang XU1, Ke-jian LIN1()   

  1. 1.Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010010,China
    2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    3.National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy,Hohhot 010000,China
  • Received:2023-01-04 Revised:2023-03-20 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Ke-jian LIN

摘要:

羊草为我国著名的禾本科饲草,在我国已有70多年的栽培史,其在生态建设和畜牧业生产中都发挥着重要的作用。21世纪初,羊草在我国现代奶业发展中曾发挥过重要的作用。然而,进入新的发展时期,当苜蓿、燕麦产业得到蓬勃发展时,羊草产业发展则处于低迷状态,而在我国苜蓿和燕麦产业面临诸多困难与挑战(如用地、用水难)的当下,用新理念、新视角、新技术审视振兴羊草产业的新优势与新意义就显得尤为重要与紧迫。与燕麦相比,羊草在抗逆生态生物学、栽培生物学等方面具有明显的优势,然而由于羊草产业受政策扶持有限,导致其发展落后于苜蓿、燕麦。今后应加大羊草产业的政策支持力度,强化羊草科技创新,在羊草“三低”问题和种子产量提升上取得重大突破,在羊草规模化种植、智能化管理、节水化灌溉、机械化作业、标准化加工、专业化生产和节约化经营等全产业链关键核心技术上取得更大进步;在扩大羊草种植面积、提高质量、增加产量和实现生态经济双赢等方面取得显著效果。充分发挥羊草生态生物学优势和栽培生物学特性,利用边际土地大力发展羊草种植,突破资源约束,培育羊草龙头企业,建立数字交易平台,打通羊草产品的销售渠道,打造羊草知名产品和品牌。

关键词: 羊草, 苜蓿, 燕麦, 饲草, 盐碱地, 撂荒地

Abstract:

Leymus chinensis is a famous Poaceous forage in China, with a history of breeding and improvement programs spanning more than 70 years. It plays an important role in ecological construction and animal husbandry production. As at the beginning of the 21st century, L. chinensis had played an important role in the development of the modern dairy industry. However, as China enters the current new development period, with the alfalfa and forage oats industries booming, the L. chinensis industry is in a depressed state. However, China’s alfalfa and forage oats industries are facing many difficult challenges (such as land and water shortages); Hence, it is particularly important and urgent to examine the new advantages and new meanings of revitalizing the L. chinensis industry with new ideas, new perspectives and new technologies. Compared with forage oats, L. chinensis has obvious advantages in both stress resistance eco-biology and cultivation requirements. However, due to the limited policy support for the L. chinensis industry, its development lags behind that of the alfalfa and forage oat industries. In the future, policy support for the L. chinensis industry and scientific and technological innovation should be strengthened. Major breakthroughs should be pursued in the “three-low” problems (low heading rate, low seed setting rate and low germination rate) and seed yield improvement. Greater progress should be an imperative in the key core technologies of the whole L. chinensis industrial chain, such as large-scale planting, intelligent management, water-saving irrigation, mechanized operation, standardized processing, specialized production and competitive cost of the forage to users. Significant effort should be expended to expand the planting area, improve the quality and increase the yield of L. chinensis, as well as to realize the win-win situation for both ecology and economy. Full play should be given to the ecological and biological advantages and cultural biological characteristics of L. chinensis, by developing its use on marginal land, so as to break resource constraints, cultivate leading enterprises, establish a digital trading platform, open up the sales channels of products, and create well-known L. chinensis products and brands.

Key words: Leymus chinensis, alfalfa, forage oats, forage, saline-alkali land, abandoned farmland