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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 130-142.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022424

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

15个进口饲用燕麦品种炭疽病的抗病性评价及损失分析

石永红1(), 高鹏1,2(), 方志红1, 赵祥1, 韩伟3, 魏江铭1, 刘琳1, 李锦臻1   

  1. 1.山西农业大学草业学院,山西 晋中 030801
    2.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,山西 晋中 030801
    3.大同千叶牧草科技有限公司,山西 大同 038200
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-27 修回日期:2023-02-02 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 高鹏
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zyjt_721@163.com
    石永红(1972-),男,甘肃庆阳人,研究员,博士。E-mail: shiyh007@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ37);山西省重点研发项目(201903D211012);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-34);草业科学国家级一流专业建设项目(20211331-3)

Evaluation of resistance to Colletotrichum cereale and analysis of loss in a field of fifteen imported oat cultivars

Yong-hong SHI1(), Peng GAO1,2(), Zhi-hong FANG1, Xiang ZHAO1, Wei HAN3, Jiang-ming WEI1, Lin LIU1, Jin-zhen LI1   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China
    2.Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinzhong 030801,China
    3.Datong Qianye Pasture Science and Technology Limited Company,Datong 038200,China
  • Received:2022-10-27 Revised:2023-02-02 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-07-12
  • Contact: Peng GAO

摘要:

引进国外优质、高产的饲用燕麦品种是促进我国草牧业发展的重要措施,但在使用进口饲用燕麦品种进行大规模商业化连作种植的地区,由禾谷炭疽菌引致的炭疽病呈爆发流行特点。为筛选抗病能力较强的饲用燕麦品种,明确炭疽病造成的危害,本研究选择我国广泛推广种植的15个进口饲用燕麦品种,采用反应型法、病情指数法和聚类分析法评价了其田间抗性,测定了不同发病程度下科纳品种的产量和营养成分含量,分析了对草产量和饲用价值造成的损失。结果表明:3种方法均鉴定出相同的4个抗病品种,分别为太阳神、爱沃、领袖和蒙特;其余品种黑玫克、大富翁、莫妮卡、摄政王、海威、三星、牧乐思和魅力为低感材料,燕王和梦龙为感病材料,科纳为高感材料;科纳品种饲用燕麦病株的叶片干重、茎秆干重、穗干重和株高均随发病程度的增加呈线性下降趋势,草产量损失率(y)为7.5%~28.1%,与病情指数中值(x)的回归方程为y=0.3023x+1.6822(R2=0.9837, P<0.05);与健康植株相比,中度发病植株的粗蛋白、总氨基酸、粗灰分和磷含量分别降低了7.2%、26.5%、9.0%和12.8%(P<0.05),重度发病植株降低了11.1%、44.5%、16.0%、20.8%;与健康植株相比,中度发病植株的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著增加了6.4%(P<0.05),重度发病植株的中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别显著增加了11.9%和10.0%(P<0.05);发病植株的饲用价值损失率(y)为3.2%~15.9%,与病情指数中值(x)的回归方程为y=0.1812x+0.5032(R2=0.9963, P<0.05)。建议在使用进口饲用燕麦品种进行大规模商业化种植的地区要高度重视炭疽病的问题,在发病严重的地区优先选择太阳神、爱沃、领袖和蒙特品种种植,及时采取科学有效的防治措施,下一步亟需从我国地方品种中挖掘抗病能力强的优异种质。

关键词: 燕麦, 禾谷炭疽菌, 抗病评价, 产量损失, 营养品质

Abstract:

Oat (Avena sativa) varieties of high quality and high yield are introduced from other countries and such imports are important to the development of forage-based livestock husbandry in China. However, anthracnose diseased caused by Collectotrichum cereale outbreaks in commercial oat crops is a significant problem with imported varieties. In this study, a total of 15 imported oat varieties were screened for high resistance to anthracnose disease. Simultaneously, we examined the oat yield reduction and quality loss caused by anthracnose. Four resistant varieties were identified: Titan, Everleaf, Souris and Monte. All other varieties were found to be susceptible to anthracnose. The leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, ear dry weight and plant height of the diseased plant of the highly susceptible “Kona” feed oat showed a linear downward trend in proportion to the degree of disease incidence. The forage yield reduction was 7.5%-28.1%, and the regression equation between the yield reduction and mean disease index score was y=0.3023x+1.6822 (R2=0.9837, P<0.05). In this equation, y represents the forage yield reduction of mean disease index score (x) of units. The contents of crude protein, total amino acid, crude ash and phosphorus of moderately and severely diseased plants were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of healthy plants by 7.2%, 26.5%, 9.0% and 12.8% and by 11.1%, 44.5%, 16.0% and 20.8% respectively. The content of acid detergent fiber in moderately diseased plants increased significantly (P<0.05) by 6.4% compared with healthy plants. The content of neutral and acid detergent fiber in severely diseased plants increased significantly (P<0.05) 11.9% and 10.0% compared with healthy plants, respectively. The reduction in feeding value was 3.2%-15.9%, and the regression equation between the reduction in feeding value and the mean disease index was y=0.1812x+0.5032 (R2=0.9963, P<0.05). In this equation, y represents the forage yield reduction of mean disease index score (x) of units. Hence, the resistant varieties Titan, Everleaf, Souris and Monte are recommended for planting in areas with serious anthracnose. In addition timely and scientifically effective control measures should be implemented. The next step is to screen for superior germplasm with strong disease resistance among local varieties used in China.

Key words: oat (Avena sativa), Collectotrichum cereale, resistance evaluation, yield loss, nutritional quality