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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 107-119.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023127

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

宁夏引黄灌区燕麦与箭筈豌豆的混播效果研究

冯琴1,2(), 何小莉4, 王斌1,2, 王腾飞1,2, 倪旺1,2, 马霞1,2, 明雪花1,2, 邓建强1,2, 兰剑1,2,3()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,北京 100125
    4.石嘴山市畜牧水产技术推广服务中心,宁夏 石嘴山 753000
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-18 修回日期:2023-07-10 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2023-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 兰剑
  • 作者简介:E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com
    冯琴(1999-),女,贵州遵义人,在读硕士。E-mail: Fengqin0818@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2020 BBF02001)

A study of mixed sowing effects for oat and common vetch in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

Qin FENG1,2(), Xiao-li HE4, Bin WANG1,2, Teng-fei WANG1,2, Wang NI1,2, Xia MA1,2, Xue-hua MING1,2, Jian-qiang DENG1,2, Jian LAN1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Ningxia Grass and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Innovation Key Laboratory of Forage Efficient Production Mode of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China
    4.Animal Husbandry Technique Extensional Service Center of Shizuishan,Shizuishan 753000,China
  • Received:2023-04-18 Revised:2023-07-10 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2023-12-27
  • Contact: Jian LAN

摘要:

豆禾混播比例是影响混播草地产量和品质的关键因素,为筛选宁夏引黄灌区适宜的燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播比例,试验设置燕麦与箭筈豌豆4个比例[A5V5(5∶5)、A6V4(6∶4)、A7V3(7∶3)和A8V2(8∶2)]混播及两者单播共6个处理,对混播草地生产性能、种间竞争以及营养价值进行研究。结果表明,混播处理的年干草产量为14.84~17.62 t·hm-2,较燕麦单播提高4.53%~24.10%,较箭筈豌豆单播提高64.03%~94.75%,其中A8V2处理的年干草产量最高(17.62 t·hm-2),且显著高于单播及A5V5处理,A6V4次之(16.61 t·hm-2)。所有混播的土地当量比均大于1,表明混播提高了土地利用效率,且种间干扰小于种内干扰,燕麦和箭筈豌豆表现出共生关系,其中A8V2处理的土地当量比最高,为1.30,说明该处理增产效益最为明显。混播群落中燕麦的相对产量均大于箭筈豌豆,燕麦的侵略强度大于0,燕麦的竞争比率大于箭筈豌豆,表明燕麦的侵占力大于箭筈豌豆,燕麦具有竞争优势。而在饲草营养品质上,各混播处理间无显著差异,其中A5V5处理营养品质数值最高,A6V4处理的粗蛋白产量最高(1.90 t·hm-2)。综上所述,燕麦和箭筈豌豆以A8V2混合配比的产量、土地当量比、系统生产力指数(8.94)以及年净收入(16418 元·hm-2)均最高。因此推荐燕麦与箭筈豌豆以8∶2比例在宁夏引黄灌区推广种植。

关键词: 燕麦, 箭筈豌豆, 混播草地, 生产性能, 种间竞争

Abstract:

The ratio of seeding rates in mixed sowings of legumes and grasses is a key factor affecting the yield and quality of mixed grassland. This research investigated the optimal ratio of mixed sowing seeding rates for oat and common vetch in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area. Six treatments were set up: Four ratios of oat and common vetch [A5V5 (5∶5), A6V4 (6∶4), A7V3 (7∶3) and A8V2 (8∶2)] together with oat and common vetch monocultures, to investigate the production, interspecific competition and nutritional value of the two monocultures and their combinations. It was found that the annual hay yield of the mixed treatments ranged from 14.84 to 17.62 t·ha-1, which was 4.53% to 24.10% higher than that of oats sown alone and 64.03% to 94.75% higher than that of common vetch sown alone. The A8V2 treatment had the highest annual hay yield (17.62 t·ha-1), which was significantly higher than that of the single sown and A5V5 treatments. The treatment A6V4 had the second highest trial yield of 16.61 t·ha-1. The land equivalent ratio of all mixtures was greater than 1, indicating that the mixtures improved land use efficiency. Interspecies disturbance was less than intraspecies disturbance, and oat and common vetch showed a synergistic relationship, whereby the highest land equivalent ratio of 1.30 was found in the A8V2 treatment, indicating that this treatment had the greatest benefit in terms of increased yield. The relative yields of oat were all greater than those of common vetch in the mixed treatments. The aggression intensity of oat was greater than 0 and the competition ratio of oat was greater than that of common vetch, indicating that the aggression of oats was greater than that of common vetch and that oat had a competitive advantage. Regarding the nutritional quality of the forage, there was no significant difference between the mixed treatments. However, A5V5 had the numerically highest nutritional quality and A6V4 had the numerically highest crude protein yield (1.90 t·ha-1). Overall, mixed cropped oat and common vetch had the highest yield, land equivalent ratio, system productivity index (8.94) and net annual income (16418 yuan·ha-1) with the A8V2 mixture. Therefore, it is recommended that oat and common vetch mixtures planted at a ratio of 8∶2 should be promoted in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area.

Key words: oat, common vetch, mixed grassland, production performance, interspecific competition