草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 107-119.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023127
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
冯琴1,2(), 何小莉4, 王斌1,2, 王腾飞1,2, 倪旺1,2, 马霞1,2, 明雪花1,2, 邓建强1,2, 兰剑1,2,3()
收稿日期:
2023-04-18
修回日期:
2023-07-10
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2023-12-27
通讯作者:
兰剑
作者简介:
E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com基金资助:
Qin FENG1,2(), Xiao-li HE4, Bin WANG1,2, Teng-fei WANG1,2, Wang NI1,2, Xia MA1,2, Xue-hua MING1,2, Jian-qiang DENG1,2, Jian LAN1,2,3()
Received:
2023-04-18
Revised:
2023-07-10
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
Jian LAN
摘要:
豆禾混播比例是影响混播草地产量和品质的关键因素,为筛选宁夏引黄灌区适宜的燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播比例,试验设置燕麦与箭筈豌豆4个比例[A5V5(5∶5)、A6V4(6∶4)、A7V3(7∶3)和A8V2(8∶2)]混播及两者单播共6个处理,对混播草地生产性能、种间竞争以及营养价值进行研究。结果表明,混播处理的年干草产量为14.84~17.62 t·hm-2,较燕麦单播提高4.53%~24.10%,较箭筈豌豆单播提高64.03%~94.75%,其中A8V2处理的年干草产量最高(17.62 t·hm-2),且显著高于单播及A5V5处理,A6V4次之(16.61 t·hm-2)。所有混播的土地当量比均大于1,表明混播提高了土地利用效率,且种间干扰小于种内干扰,燕麦和箭筈豌豆表现出共生关系,其中A8V2处理的土地当量比最高,为1.30,说明该处理增产效益最为明显。混播群落中燕麦的相对产量均大于箭筈豌豆,燕麦的侵略强度大于0,燕麦的竞争比率大于箭筈豌豆,表明燕麦的侵占力大于箭筈豌豆,燕麦具有竞争优势。而在饲草营养品质上,各混播处理间无显著差异,其中A5V5处理营养品质数值最高,A6V4处理的粗蛋白产量最高(1.90 t·hm-2)。综上所述,燕麦和箭筈豌豆以A8V2混合配比的产量、土地当量比、系统生产力指数(8.94)以及年净收入(16418 元·hm-2)均最高。因此推荐燕麦与箭筈豌豆以8∶2比例在宁夏引黄灌区推广种植。
冯琴, 何小莉, 王斌, 王腾飞, 倪旺, 马霞, 明雪花, 邓建强, 兰剑. 宁夏引黄灌区燕麦与箭筈豌豆的混播效果研究[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(3): 107-119.
Qin FENG, Xiao-li HE, Bin WANG, Teng-fei WANG, Wang NI, Xia MA, Xue-hua MING, Jian-qiang DENG, Jian LAN. A study of mixed sowing effects for oat and common vetch in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 107-119.
材料 Material | 纯净度 Purity (%) | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g) | 来源 Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦 A. sativa | 98.0 | 94.0 | 36.7 | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd |
箭筈豌豆 V. sativa | 92.0 | 80.0 | 65.5 |
表1 供试材料信息
Table 1 Information of test materials
材料 Material | 纯净度 Purity (%) | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g) | 来源 Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦 A. sativa | 98.0 | 94.0 | 36.7 | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd |
箭筈豌豆 V. sativa | 92.0 | 80.0 | 65.5 |
处理 Treatment | 燕麦播种量 The seeding rate of oats | 箭筈豌豆播种量 The seeding rate of common vetch |
---|---|---|
A | 180 | - |
A5V5 | 106 | 120 |
A6V4 | 127 | 100 |
A7V3 | 148 | 80 |
A8V2 | 169 | 60 |
V | - | 150 |
表2 各处理播种量详细信息
Table 2 Test processing information (kg·hm-2)
处理 Treatment | 燕麦播种量 The seeding rate of oats | 箭筈豌豆播种量 The seeding rate of common vetch |
---|---|---|
A | 180 | - |
A5V5 | 106 | 120 |
A6V4 | 127 | 100 |
A7V3 | 148 | 80 |
A8V2 | 169 | 60 |
V | - | 150 |
项目 Items | 单价 Unit price |
---|---|
燕麦种子 Oat seed (元Yuan·kg-1) | 12 |
箭筈豌豆种子 Common vetch seed (元Yuan·kg-1) | 8 |
机械 Machine (元Yuan·hm-2) | 400 |
肥料 Fertilizer (元Yuan·hm-2) | 500 |
灌溉 Irrigation (元Yuan·hm-2) | 2000 |
人工 Artificial (元Yuan·hm-2) | 4000 |
收割 Harvest (元Yuan·hm-2) | 1000 |
燕麦干草 Oat hay (元Yuan·t-1) | 2100 |
箭筈豌豆干草 Common vetch hay (元Yuan·t-1) | 2400 |
表3 各项目的价格信息
Table 3 Price information of each item
项目 Items | 单价 Unit price |
---|---|
燕麦种子 Oat seed (元Yuan·kg-1) | 12 |
箭筈豌豆种子 Common vetch seed (元Yuan·kg-1) | 8 |
机械 Machine (元Yuan·hm-2) | 400 |
肥料 Fertilizer (元Yuan·hm-2) | 500 |
灌溉 Irrigation (元Yuan·hm-2) | 2000 |
人工 Artificial (元Yuan·hm-2) | 4000 |
收割 Harvest (元Yuan·hm-2) | 1000 |
燕麦干草 Oat hay (元Yuan·t-1) | 2100 |
箭筈豌豆干草 Common vetch hay (元Yuan·t-1) | 2400 |
图3 不同混播比例下燕麦和箭筈豌豆的株高不同大写字母表示不同处理间有显著性差异,不同小写字母表示同一茬次不同处理间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。C:表示不同茬次间的显著性;R:表示不同处理间的显著性;C×R:表示茬次与处理的交互作用的显著性。ns:表示无显著效应;*:表示在0.05水平下存在显著作用;**:表示在0.01水平下存在显著作用,下同。Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments in the same cutting (P<0.05). C: Indicating the significance between different cutting times; R: Indicating the significance among different treatments; C×R: Indicating the significance of the interaction between cutting times and treatment. ns: Indicating that no significant effect; *: Indicating significant effect at the level of 0.05; **: Indicating significant effect at 0.01 level, the same below.
Fig.3 Plant height of oat and common vetch under different mixed sowing ratios
项目 Items | 燕麦产量Hay yield of oats | 箭筈豌豆产量Hay yield of common vetch | 总干草产量Total hay yield |
---|---|---|---|
茬次 Cutting times | 13.10** | 96.21** | 32.77** |
比例 Ratio | 5.96** | 923.39** | 37.55** |
茬次×比例 Cutting times×ratio | 3.34* | 38.01** | 2.90* |
表4 牧草产量的显著性检验(F值)
Table 4 Significance test of forage yield (F value)
项目 Items | 燕麦产量Hay yield of oats | 箭筈豌豆产量Hay yield of common vetch | 总干草产量Total hay yield |
---|---|---|---|
茬次 Cutting times | 13.10** | 96.21** | 32.77** |
比例 Ratio | 5.96** | 923.39** | 37.55** |
茬次×比例 Cutting times×ratio | 3.34* | 38.01** | 2.90* |
图4 不同混播比例下牧草的干草产量图a和b中不同大写字母表示不同处理间草地总产量存在显著差异,不同小写字母表示同一作物不同处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05),图c同图3,图d和e不同小写字母表示不同处理存在显著差异。Different capital letters in figures a and b indicate significant differences in total grass yield among treatments, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments of the same crop (P<0.05), figure c is the same as figure 3, and different lowercase letters in figures d and e indicate significant differences among treatments.
Fig.4 Hay yield of forage grass under different mixed sowing ratios
项目 Items | 箭筈豌豆的偏土地当量比Partial land equivalent ratio for common vetch ( | 燕麦的偏土地当量比Partial land equivalent ratio for oats ( | 土地当量比Land equivalent ratio ( | 箭筈豌豆的相对产量 Relative yield for common vetch ( | 燕麦的相对产量 Relative yield for oats ( | 相对产量总和 Total relative yield ( | 箭筈豌豆的侵略强度Aggressivity for common vetch ( | 燕麦的侵略强度Aggressivity for oats ( | 箭筈豌豆的竞争比率 Competitive ratio for common vetch ( | 燕麦的竞争比率 Competitive ratio for oats ( |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬次 Cutting times | ns | 19.76** | 19.63** | ns | 19.38** | 18.73** | 16.12** | 16.12** | ns | ns |
比例 Ratio | 12.18** | 4.21* | ns | 2.96* | 6.72** | ns | 7.25** | 7.25** | 5.86** | ns |
茬次×比例 Cutting times×ratio | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表5 牧草土地生产力及竞争指标的显著性检验(F值)
Table 5 Significance test of pasture land productivity and competition index (F value)
项目 Items | 箭筈豌豆的偏土地当量比Partial land equivalent ratio for common vetch ( | 燕麦的偏土地当量比Partial land equivalent ratio for oats ( | 土地当量比Land equivalent ratio ( | 箭筈豌豆的相对产量 Relative yield for common vetch ( | 燕麦的相对产量 Relative yield for oats ( | 相对产量总和 Total relative yield ( | 箭筈豌豆的侵略强度Aggressivity for common vetch ( | 燕麦的侵略强度Aggressivity for oats ( | 箭筈豌豆的竞争比率 Competitive ratio for common vetch ( | 燕麦的竞争比率 Competitive ratio for oats ( |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬次 Cutting times | ns | 19.76** | 19.63** | ns | 19.38** | 18.73** | 16.12** | 16.12** | ns | ns |
比例 Ratio | 12.18** | 4.21* | ns | 2.96* | 6.72** | ns | 7.25** | 7.25** | 5.86** | ns |
茬次×比例 Cutting times×ratio | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
图6 牧草的竞争指数图c、d、e、f中的不同小写字母表示同一物种不同处理存在显著差异。图g中的不同大写字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异,不同小写字母表示同一茬次不同处理间存在显著性差异。Different lowercase letters in figures c, d, e, and f indicate significant differences among treatments of the same species. Different uppercase letters in figure g indicate significant differences between treatments, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments for the same cutting.
Fig.6 Competition index of herbage
茬次 Cutting times | 处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feed value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cutting | A | 9.96±0.10cd | 60.46±0.52abc | 35.98±0.17bc | 93.67±0.99abc |
A5V5 | 13.10±0.14ab | 58.08±0.37bc | 37.36±0.49abc | 95.80±1.21ab | |
A6V4 | 11.57±0.08abc | 61.48±0.26ab | 39.74±0.13a | 87.67±0.24bc | |
A7V3 | 10.80±0.26bc | 63.50±0.95a | 41.25±0.91a | 83.23±2.30c | |
A8V2 | 10.21±0.20c | 63.62±1.12a | 39.27±0.53ab | 85.33±2.06bc | |
V | 18.01±0.09a | 46.41±0.21c | 35.58±0.20c | 122.64±0.42a | |
第2茬 The second cutting | A | 7.51±0.52d | 68.75±2.96a | 42.00±2.33a | 76.49±5.51bc |
A5V5 | 12.19±0.34ab | 65.14±0.20abc | 40.36±0.70ab | 82.07±1.03abc | |
A6V4 | 11.35±0.18abc | 63.07±0.51bc | 39.47±0.74ab | 85.78±1.26ab | |
A7V3 | 10.20±0.24cd | 66.59±1.51ab | 42.94±0.77a | 77.55±2.15c | |
A8V2 | 10.64±0.04bcd | 65.50±0.86ab | 43.59±1.57a | 78.02±0.88bc | |
V | 25.97±0.18a | 45.53±0.22c | 34.87±0.96b | 126.13±0.97a | |
平均Average | A | 8.74±0.59c | 64.61±2.28a | 38.99±1.70ab | 85.08±4.58ab |
A5V5 | 12.65±0.26ab | 61.61±1.59ab | 38.86±0.77ab | 88.93±3.15ab | |
A6V4 | 11.46±0.10abc | 62.28±0.43ab | 39.61±0.34ab | 86.73±0.71ab | |
A7V3 | 10.50±0.20bc | 65.05±1.05a | 42.09±0.65a | 80.39±1.89b | |
A8V2 | 10.42±0.13bc | 64.56±0.75a | 41.43±1.21a | 81.67±1.91b | |
V | 21.99±1.78a | 45.97±0.24b | 35.23±0.46b | 124.38±0.91a | |
茬次 Cutting times | 26.51** | 29.94** | 16.57** | 34.72** | |
比例 Ratio | 820.41** | 87.50** | 11.79** | 127.69** | |
茬次×比例 Cutting times×ratio | 122.55** | 4.98** | 3.46* | 6.68** |
表6 不同混播比例的牧草营养品质比较
Table 6 Comparison of nutrient quality of herbage in different mixed sowing ratio
茬次 Cutting times | 处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feed value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cutting | A | 9.96±0.10cd | 60.46±0.52abc | 35.98±0.17bc | 93.67±0.99abc |
A5V5 | 13.10±0.14ab | 58.08±0.37bc | 37.36±0.49abc | 95.80±1.21ab | |
A6V4 | 11.57±0.08abc | 61.48±0.26ab | 39.74±0.13a | 87.67±0.24bc | |
A7V3 | 10.80±0.26bc | 63.50±0.95a | 41.25±0.91a | 83.23±2.30c | |
A8V2 | 10.21±0.20c | 63.62±1.12a | 39.27±0.53ab | 85.33±2.06bc | |
V | 18.01±0.09a | 46.41±0.21c | 35.58±0.20c | 122.64±0.42a | |
第2茬 The second cutting | A | 7.51±0.52d | 68.75±2.96a | 42.00±2.33a | 76.49±5.51bc |
A5V5 | 12.19±0.34ab | 65.14±0.20abc | 40.36±0.70ab | 82.07±1.03abc | |
A6V4 | 11.35±0.18abc | 63.07±0.51bc | 39.47±0.74ab | 85.78±1.26ab | |
A7V3 | 10.20±0.24cd | 66.59±1.51ab | 42.94±0.77a | 77.55±2.15c | |
A8V2 | 10.64±0.04bcd | 65.50±0.86ab | 43.59±1.57a | 78.02±0.88bc | |
V | 25.97±0.18a | 45.53±0.22c | 34.87±0.96b | 126.13±0.97a | |
平均Average | A | 8.74±0.59c | 64.61±2.28a | 38.99±1.70ab | 85.08±4.58ab |
A5V5 | 12.65±0.26ab | 61.61±1.59ab | 38.86±0.77ab | 88.93±3.15ab | |
A6V4 | 11.46±0.10abc | 62.28±0.43ab | 39.61±0.34ab | 86.73±0.71ab | |
A7V3 | 10.50±0.20bc | 65.05±1.05a | 42.09±0.65a | 80.39±1.89b | |
A8V2 | 10.42±0.13bc | 64.56±0.75a | 41.43±1.21a | 81.67±1.91b | |
V | 21.99±1.78a | 45.97±0.24b | 35.23±0.46b | 124.38±0.91a | |
茬次 Cutting times | 26.51** | 29.94** | 16.57** | 34.72** | |
比例 Ratio | 820.41** | 87.50** | 11.79** | 127.69** | |
茬次×比例 Cutting times×ratio | 122.55** | 4.98** | 3.46* | 6.68** |
处理 Treatment | 毛收入Gross income | 净收入Net income | 平均Average | 年净收入 Annual net income | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cutting | 第2茬 The second cutting | 第1茬 The first cutting | 第2茬 The second cutting | 支出 Expenditure | 毛收入 Gross income | 净收入 Net income | ||
A | 12855 | 16962 | 2795 | 6902 | 10060 | 14909 | 4849 | 9697 |
A5V5 | 15173 | 16421 | 5041 | 6289 | 10132 | 15797 | 5665 | 11330 |
A6V4 | 17356 | 17863 | 7132 | 7639 | 10224 | 17610 | 7386 | 14771 |
A7V3 | 14974 | 19210 | 4658 | 8893 | 10316 | 17092 | 6776 | 13551 |
A8V2 | 18131 | 19104 | 7723 | 8695 | 10408 | 18617 | 8209 | 16418 |
V | 8670 | 13045 | -429 | 3945 | 9100 | 10858 | 1758 | 3516 |
表7 不同处理草地支出、毛收入、净收入的比较
Table 7 Comparison of grassland expenditure, gross income and net income under different treatments (元Yuan·hm-2)
处理 Treatment | 毛收入Gross income | 净收入Net income | 平均Average | 年净收入 Annual net income | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1茬 The first cutting | 第2茬 The second cutting | 第1茬 The first cutting | 第2茬 The second cutting | 支出 Expenditure | 毛收入 Gross income | 净收入 Net income | ||
A | 12855 | 16962 | 2795 | 6902 | 10060 | 14909 | 4849 | 9697 |
A5V5 | 15173 | 16421 | 5041 | 6289 | 10132 | 15797 | 5665 | 11330 |
A6V4 | 17356 | 17863 | 7132 | 7639 | 10224 | 17610 | 7386 | 14771 |
A7V3 | 14974 | 19210 | 4658 | 8893 | 10316 | 17092 | 6776 | 13551 |
A8V2 | 18131 | 19104 | 7723 | 8695 | 10408 | 18617 | 8209 | 16418 |
V | 8670 | 13045 | -429 | 3945 | 9100 | 10858 | 1758 | 3516 |
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