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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 169-181.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023144

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

混播比例及乳酸菌剂对燕麦-饲用豌豆发酵TMR品质及瘤胃降解特性的影响

张珈敏1(), 关皓1(), 李海萍2,3, 贾志锋2, 马祥2, 刘文辉2, 陈有军1, 陈仕勇1, 蒋永梅2,4, 甘丽1, 周青平1, 杨丽雪1()   

  1. 1.西南民族大学四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,四川 成都 610041
    2.青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    3.青海师范大学数学与统计学院,青海 西宁 810016
    4.四川文理学院化学化工学院,四川 达州 635000
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-29 修回日期:2023-06-08 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 关皓,杨丽雪
  • 作者简介:yanglixue@swun.edu.cn
    E-mail: guanh0427@outlook.com
    张珈敏(1998-),女,四川资阳人,在读硕士。E-mail: Jiamin.Z@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省重点研发与转化计划“高品质燕麦生产及牦牛高效转化利用关键技术研究”(2022-NK-130);国家重点研发与转化项目(2022YFD1601601);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2022NYXXS040)

Effects of oat∶feed pea sowing ratio and lactic acid bacteria addition on crop silage fermentation and ruminal degradation characteristics of the resulting total mixed ration

Jia-min ZHANG1(), Hao GUAN1(), Hai-ping LI2,3, Zhi-feng JIA2, Xiang MA2, Wen-hui LIU2, You-jun CHEN1, Shi-yong CHEN1, Yong-mei JIANG2,4, Li GAN1, Qing-ping ZHOU1, Li-xue YANG1()   

  1. 1.Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    3.School of Mathematics and Statistics,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China
    4.Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science,Dazhou 635000,China
  • Received:2023-04-29 Revised:2023-06-08 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-11-23
  • Contact: Hao GUAN,Li-xue YANG

摘要:

为探究燕麦和饲用豌豆混播比例及乳酸菌剂对发酵全混合日粮(TMR)品质和瘤胃降解特性的影响,筛选出适宜制作发酵TMR的燕麦饲用豌豆混播比例,本试验将青海甜燕麦和青建一号饲用豌豆进行混播种植,混播比例为(燕麦∶饲用豌豆)0∶10,5∶5,6∶4,7∶3,8∶2,10∶0。在燕麦乳熟期和豌豆结荚期刈割后调制袋装发酵TMR,共设计12个处理,其中6个不接种乳酸菌,按照6个不同混播比例分别为C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6;另外6个处理在各比例基础上均匀加入混合乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌160∶短乳杆菌248∶戊糖乳杆菌260,比例为1∶1∶1,菌活:106 cfu·mL-1左右),即分别为I1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6。所有处理按照饲草和农副7∶3的比例加入农副产品(青稞秸秆∶油菜秸秆∶油菜粕=1∶1∶1),实验室温度(20±5) ℃下发酵60 d后对其营养成分、发酵品质及瘤胃降解特性进行测定。结果表明,随原料中燕麦比例的增加,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈上升趋势,粗蛋白呈下降趋势,产气量呈下降趋势;添加混合乳酸菌显著降低了干物质损失(P<0.05)、pH和NH3-N/TN(P<0.05),其中C3和I3的干物质损失为0.38%和0.15%,显著低于同组其他处理(P<0.05);各混合比例的燕麦-饲用豌豆发酵TMR的粗蛋白降解率和酸性洗涤纤维降解率显著高于单一燕麦发酵TMR和单一豌豆发酵TMR(P<0.05),其中I2的瘤胃降解率最优。C3和I3的瘤胃NH3-N含量为29.65%和31.68%,显著高于同组其他处理(P<0.05)。通过隶属函数法和主成分分析对发酵TMR品质进行综合评价,得分最高的为I2(0.868),其次是I3(0.610)和C3(0.469)。因此当燕麦和饲用豌豆混播比例为6∶4或5∶5时,可将其作为主要饲草来源生产高品质发酵TMR饲料。

关键词: 燕麦, 饲用豌豆, 混播比例, 发酵TMR, 品质, 主成分分析

Abstract:

This research investigated the effects of oat∶feed pea sowing ratio and lactic acid bacteria addition on crop fermentation, total mixed ration (TMR) nutritive value and rumen degradation characteristics of the resulting silage. Qinghai sweet oat and Qingjian No.1 feed pea were mixed-planted at oat∶feed pea sowing ratios of 0∶10, 5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 10∶0. In the oat milk-ripening stage and pea-podding stage, crops of the six abovementioned mixtures were harvested and samples of each placed in fermentation bags after inoculation with a lactic acid bacterial preparation (I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 and I6, respectively)or uninoculated (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, respectively), making a total of 12 treatments. The lactic acid bacterial preparation contained Lactobacillus plantarum 160, Lactobacillus brevis 248 and Lactobacillus pentosus 260 mixed at a ratio of 1∶1∶1 (bacterial activity: about 106 cfu·mL-1). The oat∶feed pea mixtures were combined with feed supplement (highland barley straw, rape straw, and rape meal, mixed 1∶1∶1) in a forage∶supplement of 7∶3. After fermentation at (20±5) ℃ for 60 days, the nutrient composition, fermentation quality and rumen degradation characteristics were determined. The results showed that with increase in the proportion of oats, the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content increased, the crude protein content decreased, and the gas production decreased. The addition of the mixed lactic acid bacterial preparation significantly reduced dry matter loss, pH and NH3-N/TN (P<0.05). The dry matter loss in C3 and I3 was 0.38% and 0.15% and both of these values were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of other treatments in the respective control and inoculated groups. The rumen crude protein and acid detergent fiber degradation rates of the oat-feed pea ensiled TMR were significantly higher than those of the TMR of the two monocrops (P<0.05), and the rumen degradation rate of I2 was the best. The rumen NH3-N content of C3 was 29.65% and I3 was 31.68%, and both of these values were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of other treatments in the respective inoculated or control groups. The quality of oat-feed pea silage TMR was evaluated by the membership function and principal component analysis methods, and in these multivariate assessments the highest score was I2 (0.868), followed by I3 (0.610) and C3 (0.469). Therefore, when using mixed oat∶feed pea crops to produce ensiled TMR, oat∶feed pea planting ratios of 6∶4 or 5∶5 are optimal for ensuring high quality ensiled TMR feed, based on these results.

Key words: oats, feed peas, proportion of mixed sowing, fermentation TMR, quality, principal component analysis