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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 40-50.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023382

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

长刺蒺藜草两异型种子形态和萌发过程的生理动态特征比较

郝丽芬1(), 徐晓阳1, 季玉1, 王瑞2, 吴德宝1,3, 李宇宇1(), 林克剑1()   

  1. 1.农业农村部人工草地生物灾害监测与绿色防控重点实验室,中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100193
    3.安徽农业大学植物保护学院,安徽 合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11 修回日期:2023-11-16 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 李宇宇,林克剑
  • 作者简介:linkejian@caas.cn
    E-mail: liyuyu@caas.cn
    郝丽芬(1987-),内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: haolifen@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2022LHQN03002);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610332023002)

Comparison of the dynamic morphological and physiological characteristics of twin seeds during the germination of field sandbur

Li-fen HAO1(), Xiao-yang XU1, Yu JI1, Rui WANG2, De-bao WU1,3, Yu-yu LI1(), Ke-jian LIN1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring and Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Hohhot 010010,China
    2.State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
    3.College of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China
  • Received:2023-10-11 Revised:2023-11-16 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-06-20
  • Contact: Yu-yu LI,Ke-jian LIN

摘要:

长刺蒺藜草刺苞内含有M型和P型两异型种子,两异型种子萌发具有异时性,是其适应异质性环境的策略。为了揭示导致两异型种子异时萌发的内在生理因素,本研究首先比较了两异型种子形态结构和萌发特性指标,同时测定了萌发过程中(干燥、吸胀、露白和出芽期)的生理指标。结果表明,长刺蒺藜草异型种子(M型、P型、刺苞内M型)千粒重、吸水量和萌发率的变化趋势为:刺苞内M型>M型>P型;含水量的变化趋势为:P型>M型>刺苞。P型种子比M型种子种皮致密,淀粉粒出现水解孔滞后,且水解孔更小;干燥期P型种子的脱落酸(ABA)含量显著高于M型种子,而露白期P型种子赤霉素(GA4)含量高于M型种子;M型种子可溶性蛋白含量在干燥、吸胀和露白阶段均高于P型种子;在萌发前期(干燥和吸胀期)两异型种子可溶性糖含量无显著差异,在露白和出芽期P型种子可溶性糖含量显著高于M型种子;干燥、吸胀和露白期M型种子葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性显著高于P型种子,出芽期P型种子显著高于M型种子。综上所述,M型种子先于P型种子萌发,这与种皮结构、ABA/GA4、可溶性蛋白含量和G6PDH活性显著相关,与可溶性糖基础含量无关,M型种子和P型种子的内在萌发机制存在明显差异,可为制定长刺蒺藜草种子引发剂提供理论指导。

关键词: 异型种子萌发, 形态结构, 脱落酸, 赤霉素, 可溶性蛋白, 可溶性糖, 葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶

Abstract:

The burs of Cenchrus longispinus contain two types of heteromorphic seeds, namely, M-type and P-type seeds, which germinate at different times, allowing adaptation of the plant to varying environmental conditions. To elucidate the physiological factors underlying the differences in germination, this study first compared the morphological structures and germination characteristics of the twin seeds, and measured the physiological indicators during the germination process (i.e. at the dry seed, imbibition, radical exposure, and sprouting stages). The results showed that the 1000-seed weight, water absorption, and germination rate differed according to seed type, with the ranking being: M-type in burs>M-type>P-type, and water content change was P-type>M-type>M-type in burs. The seed coats of P-type seeds were denser than those of M-type seeds, and the hydrolytic pores of P-type seeds were both smaller and slower to allow water ingress than those of M-type seeds. The abscisic acid (ABA) contents of P-type seeds during the drying stage of seed maturation were significantly higher than those of M-type seeds, while the gibberellin (GA4) content of P-type seeds at the radical exposure stage was higher than that of M-type seeds. The soluble protein content was greater in M-type seeds at the drying, imbibition, and radical exposure stages, while the soluble sugar contents of the twin seeds did not differ significantly during the early germination stages (drying and imbibition). However, the soluble sugar contents were significantly higher in P-type seeds during the radical exposure and sprouting stages. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate (G6PDH) during the drying, imbibition, and radical exposure stages were significantly higher in M-type seeds but were higher in sprouting P-type seeds than in M-type seeds. In summary, the germination of M-type seeds before P-type seeds was associated with the seed coat structure and levels of ABA/GA4, soluble protein content, and G6PDH activity, but not related to the soluble sugar content. There were significant differences in the internal germination mechanisms of M-type and P-type seeds.

Key words: heteromorphic seed germination, morphological structure, abscisic acid, gibberellin, soluble protein, soluble sugar, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase