草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 40-50.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023382
郝丽芬1(), 徐晓阳1, 季玉1, 王瑞2, 吴德宝1,3, 李宇宇1(), 林克剑1()
收稿日期:
2023-10-11
修回日期:
2023-11-16
出版日期:
2024-09-20
发布日期:
2024-06-20
通讯作者:
李宇宇,林克剑
作者简介:
linkejian@caas.cn基金资助:
Li-fen HAO1(), Xiao-yang XU1, Yu JI1, Rui WANG2, De-bao WU1,3, Yu-yu LI1(), Ke-jian LIN1()
Received:
2023-10-11
Revised:
2023-11-16
Online:
2024-09-20
Published:
2024-06-20
Contact:
Yu-yu LI,Ke-jian LIN
摘要:
长刺蒺藜草刺苞内含有M型和P型两异型种子,两异型种子萌发具有异时性,是其适应异质性环境的策略。为了揭示导致两异型种子异时萌发的内在生理因素,本研究首先比较了两异型种子形态结构和萌发特性指标,同时测定了萌发过程中(干燥、吸胀、露白和出芽期)的生理指标。结果表明,长刺蒺藜草异型种子(M型、P型、刺苞内M型)千粒重、吸水量和萌发率的变化趋势为:刺苞内M型>M型>P型;含水量的变化趋势为:P型>M型>刺苞。P型种子比M型种子种皮致密,淀粉粒出现水解孔滞后,且水解孔更小;干燥期P型种子的脱落酸(ABA)含量显著高于M型种子,而露白期P型种子赤霉素(GA4)含量高于M型种子;M型种子可溶性蛋白含量在干燥、吸胀和露白阶段均高于P型种子;在萌发前期(干燥和吸胀期)两异型种子可溶性糖含量无显著差异,在露白和出芽期P型种子可溶性糖含量显著高于M型种子;干燥、吸胀和露白期M型种子葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性显著高于P型种子,出芽期P型种子显著高于M型种子。综上所述,M型种子先于P型种子萌发,这与种皮结构、ABA/GA4、可溶性蛋白含量和G6PDH活性显著相关,与可溶性糖基础含量无关,M型种子和P型种子的内在萌发机制存在明显差异,可为制定长刺蒺藜草种子引发剂提供理论指导。
郝丽芬, 徐晓阳, 季玉, 王瑞, 吴德宝, 李宇宇, 林克剑. 长刺蒺藜草两异型种子形态和萌发过程的生理动态特征比较[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(9): 40-50.
Li-fen HAO, Xiao-yang XU, Yu JI, Rui WANG, De-bao WU, Yu-yu LI, Ke-jian LIN. Comparison of the dynamic morphological and physiological characteristics of twin seeds during the germination of field sandbur[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(9): 40-50.
图1 长刺蒺藜草异型种子和刺苞的形态特征a: 刺苞前面In front of the burs; b: 刺苞上面Above the burs; c: 种子背面(左为P型种子,右为M型种子) Back of the seed (left for P-type seed, right for M-type seed); d: 种子腹面(左为P型种子,右为M型种子) Seed ventral surface (P-type seed on the left, M-type seed on the right); e: M型种子种皮Seed coat of M-type seed; f: P型种子种皮Seed coat of P-type seeds.
Fig.1 Morphological characteristics of heteromorphic seeds and burs of C. longispinus
种子类型Seed types | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | 含水量Water content (%) | 萌发率Germination rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
M型种子M-type seeds | 7.73±0.08b | 4.38±0.07a | 83.89±0.92b |
P型种子P-type seeds | 4.50±0.09c | 4.42±0.07a | 56.72±1.73c |
刺苞内M型种子M-type seed in burs | 13.73±0.05a | 4.23±0.05a | 95.26±1.37a |
表1 M型种子、P型种子和刺苞种子的千粒重、含水量和萌发率测定
Table 1 Determination of 1000-grain weight, water content and germination rate of M-type seeds, P-type seeds and burs
种子类型Seed types | 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) | 含水量Water content (%) | 萌发率Germination rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
M型种子M-type seeds | 7.73±0.08b | 4.38±0.07a | 83.89±0.92b |
P型种子P-type seeds | 4.50±0.09c | 4.42±0.07a | 56.72±1.73c |
刺苞内M型种子M-type seed in burs | 13.73±0.05a | 4.23±0.05a | 95.26±1.37a |
图3 长刺蒺藜草M型种子和P型种子胚乳结构特征D:干燥Drying; I:吸胀Imbibition; E:露白Exposure; B:出芽Sprouting.
Fig.3 Endosperm structure of M-type and P-type seeds of C. longispinus during germination
图4 长刺蒺藜草异型种子(P型、M型)萌发过程中ABA和GA4含量的变化不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.4 Changes of ABA and GA4 content in heteromorphic seeds (P-type and M-type) of C. longispinus during germination
图5 长刺蒺藜草异型种子(P型、M型)萌发过程中可溶性蛋白含量的变化
Fig.5 Changes of soluble protein content in heteromorphic seeds (P-type and M-type) during germination of C. longispinus
图6 长刺蒺藜草异型种子(P型、M型)萌发过程中可溶性糖含量的变化
Fig.6 Changes of soluble sugar content in heteromorphic seeds (P-type and M-type) during germination of C. longispinus
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