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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 132-148.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024368

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

不同修复材料对退化高寒草地土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

张琨1(), 乔建霞2, 李金升3, 王育鹏3(), 刘克思4()   

  1. 1.山西大同大学农学与生命科学学院,山西 大同 037009
    2.乌兰察布市草原工作站,内蒙古 乌兰察布 012000
    3.安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽 合肥 230000
    4.中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-23 修回日期:2024-11-25 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 王育鹏,刘克思
  • 作者简介:kliu@cau.edu.cn
    E-mail: wangyupeng@ahau.edu.cn
    张琨(1988-),男,山西大同人,副教授,博士。E-mail: 876828320@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32271764);安徽省高校基金(2023AH051011);山西大同大学产学研项目(2022CXY22)

Effects of different restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in degraded alpine grassland

Kun ZHANG1(), Jian-xia QIAO2, Jin-sheng LI3, Yu-peng WANG3(), Ke-si LIU4()   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China
    2.Ulanqab Grassland Workstation,Ulanqab 012000,China
    3.School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230000,China
    4.College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2024-09-23 Revised:2024-11-25 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-06-16
  • Contact: Yu-peng WANG,Ke-si LIU

摘要:

为阐明不同修复材料作用下退化高寒草地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的变化规律,以不添加任何材料的退化高寒草地为对照(CK),设置氮肥(22 g·m-2)、生物炭(4 kg·m-2)和微生物菌剂(250 mL·m-2)共3个修复材料处理,探究修复材料对退化高寒草地土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响。结果表明:修复材料对地上植被生物量有显著促进作用(P<0.05),其中生物炭和微生物菌剂的促进效果较好,总生物量较CK分别提高了151.06%和149.11%。与CK相比,修复材料作用下土壤含水量显著提高(P<0.05),电导率显著下降(P<0.05),土壤养分(碳、氮、磷)含量显著增加(P<0.05),其中土壤有机碳、全氮和有效磷含量在生物炭处理下达到最大。此外,修复材料的施用还引起了土壤微生物群落结构的变化,特别是在生物炭和微生物菌剂的作用下,土壤微生物总量、真菌和细菌含量显著增加(P<0.05),并有效提高了外生菌根真菌、甲烷氧化细菌和腐生真菌的相对含量。方差分解的结果显示,土壤pH、全氮、有机碳及有效磷是影响耕层(0~20 cm)土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。与其他材料不同,生物炭显著促进了微生物与大多数土壤环境因子的互作关系,使土壤环境与微生物群落结构的变化显现出良好的协同性。综上所述,3种修复材料均能改善退化高寒草地的土壤状况,但生物炭对培肥土壤及改善微生物群落结构作用突出,综合修复效果更为显著,在退化高寒草地的修复中具有更大的应用潜力。

关键词: 修复材料, 高寒草地, 土壤理化性质, 微生物群落, 退化草地修复

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of different restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in degraded alpine grassland. Three restoration materials were tested: nitrogen fertilizer (22 g·m-2), biochar (4 kg·m-2), and a microbial inoculant (250 mL·m-2). Degraded alpine grassland without any added materials served as the control (CK). The effects of these restoration materials on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in degraded alpine grassland were determined. The results show that the aboveground biomass was significantly affected by the restoration materials (P<0.05), among which biochar and the microbial inoculant had better promoting effects, increasing the total biomass by 151.06% and 149.11%, respectively, compared with that in CK. The soil water content was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the soil electrical conductivity was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all the restoration treatments, compared with their respective values in CK. All the restoration materials significantly increased (P<0.05) the contents of soil nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), with the highest concentrations of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the biochar treatment. The addition of restoration materials also affected soil microbial community structure. In particular, the biochar and microbial inoculant treatments resulted in significant increases (P<0.05) in microbial biomass, bacterial biomass, and fungal biomass, and in the relative contents of ectomycorrhizal fungi, methanotrophic bacteria, and saprotrophic fungi. The results of variation partitioning analysis indicated that soil pH, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, and available phosphorus were the main environmental variables affecting the microbial community structure in topsoil (0-20 cm). Unlike other materials, biochar promoted a significant interaction between microorganisms, resulting in good synergy between changes in the soil environment and microbial community structure. In summary, although all three restoration materials improved the soil condition in degraded alpine grassland, biochar showed the best effects to fertilize soil and improve microbial community structure. Thus, biochar has greater potential for use in the restoration of degraded alpine grassland.

Key words: restoration materials, alpine grassland, soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, degraded grassland restoration