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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 99-112.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025235

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

三江源区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播对根际土壤微生物多样性的影响

李菲1(), 张琳1,2, 德科加1,2(), 冯廷旭1, 林伟山1, 向雪梅1, 魏希杰1,2   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-10 修回日期:2025-07-01 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 德科加
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: 1162157948@qq.com
    李菲(1998-),女,甘肃白银人,在读博士。E-mail: lifei010820@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划项目(2024-NK-137);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602302);青海大学三江源生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站资助

Effects of mixed sowing of oat and common vetch on the microbial diversity of inter-root soil in the Sanjiangyuan region

Fei LI1(), Lin ZHANG1,2, Ke-jia DE1,2(), Ting-xu FENG1, Wei-shan LIN1, Xue-mei XIANG1, Xi-jie WEI1,2   

  1. 1.Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2025-06-10 Revised:2025-07-01 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-03-11
  • Contact: Ke-jia DE

摘要:

三江源区作为我国重要生态屏障,其土壤微生物多样性对维系生态系统稳定意义重大。为探究混播对根际土壤微生物群落的影响,本研究以燕麦与箭筈豌豆分别按7∶3(Y7J3)、5∶5(Y5J5)、3∶7(Y3J7)建植人工混播草地,以两种饲草单播作为对照,研究土壤养分、根际微生物群落结构及多样性的变化,并通过Mantel test解析二者关联。结果表明:混播显著提高土壤pH、有机质、全氮及有效磷含量(P<0.05),其中Y7J3处理的提升效果最为显著(P<0.05)。混播降低了土壤微生物群落的丰富度及多样性,细菌群落中酸杆菌门、RB41和假单胞菌属及真菌群落中子囊菌门、被孢霉门、寡囊盘菌属、外瓶霉属的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。Mantel test分析表明,土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮及有效磷是调控土壤微生物群落的关键驱动因子(P<0.05)。综上所述,燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播通过改变三江源区根际土壤养分,显著影响土壤微生物群落结构与多样性,其中燕麦与箭筈豌豆以7∶3比例混播效果最优,土壤pH、有机质等关键因子在调控微生物群落过程中发挥核心作用。本研究结果为三江源区人工草地优化种植及改善土壤生态功能提供了重要的理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 燕麦, 箭筈豌豆, 混播比例, 高通量测序, 土壤养分, 根际微生物

Abstract:

The Sanjiangyuan region is an important ecological barrier in China, and the diversity of soil microorganisms in this region is critical for sustaining ecosystem stability. This study created artificial mixed sowings of oat (Avena sativa) and common vetch (Vicia sativa) at ratios of 7∶3 (Y7J3), 5∶5 (Y5J5), and 3∶7 (Y3J7), with oat monoculture and common vetch monoculture as controls, in order to examine the effects of mixed sowing on soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbial communities. The Mantel test was used to assess the connections between changes in soil nutrients, rhizosphere microbial community structure, and diversity. It was found that mixed sowing considerably raised the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus content (P<0.05). The Y7J3 treatment showed the greatest improvement (P<0.05). This sowing mix considerably enhanced the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, RB41 and Pseudomonas in the bacterial community and Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Thelebolus and Exophiala in the fungal community (P<0.05). Mantel test analysis revealed that the main elements influencing the control of soil microbial communities were soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus (P<0.05). In conclusion, by altering the inter-root soil nutrients, the mixed sowing of oat and common vetch had a significant impact on the structure and diversity of the soil microbial community. The best results were obtained when the oat and common vetch were sown in 7∶3, and soil pH and organic matter were highly important in the regulation of the microbial community. These results provide a scientific basis for useful recommendations for enhancing soil ecological function and optimizing artificial grassland planting in the Sanjiangyuan region.

Key words: oat, common vetch, mixed planting ratio, high-throughput sequencing, soil nutrients, rhizosphere microbiology