草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 86-99.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025186
王一博1,2,3(
), 明雪花1,2,3, 张建勇4, 袁琦5, 杜建明6, 王斌1,2,3, 王腾飞1,2,3, 张译尹1,2,3, 兰剑1,2,3, 牟乐1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-09
修回日期:2025-06-04
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-02-07
通讯作者:
牟乐
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mule069@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Yi-bo WANG1,2,3(
), Xue-hua MING1,2,3, Jian-yong ZHANG4, Qi YUAN5, Jian-ming DU6, Bin WANG1,2,3, Teng-fei WANG1,2,3, Yi-yin ZHANG1,2,3, Jian LAN1,2,3, Le MU1,2,3(
)
Received:2025-05-09
Revised:2025-06-04
Online:2026-04-20
Published:2026-02-07
Contact:
Le MU
摘要:
为应对宁夏干旱区旱作燕麦种质资源遗传多样性不足、适宜栽培品种稀缺的产业瓶颈,本研究于2023年在宁夏大学盐池四墩子试验基地,采用单因素随机区组设计对21份燕麦新种质及3个主推品种(CK1、CK2、CK3)进行田间比较试验,通过主成分分析(PCA)与聚类分析系统解析其农艺性状、种子生产性能及发芽特性的遗传差异。结果表明:L9在穗长(30.13 cm)、单株穗粒数(141.67粒)、粗蛋白产量(0.58 g·株-1)、种子宽(3.36 mm)及实际种子产量(4726.33 kg·hm-2)等核心生产指标上表现最优;L2则兼具株高(159.33 cm)、单株干重(5.69 g)、千粒重(38.53 g)、发芽率(98.67%)及种子产量(4423.53 kg·hm-2)的多维度优势。PCA综合评价模型显示,L9、L2和L17位列前三,其综合得分较CK1、CK2、CK3提升23.6%~41.8%。基于欧氏距离的聚类分析将参试材料划分为三大类群,其中第Ⅱ类群(L2、L9、L19)在种子产量、发芽特性及生物量积累等关键指标上显著优于其他类群(P<0.05)。本研究筛选出L2和L9两个抗旱高产型燕麦种质,其种子产量较区域主栽品种提高18.02%~40.47%。研究结果不仅为干旱区燕麦品种更新提供了可应用的优异种质,还为旱作燕麦育种提供了核心亲本资源。
王一博, 明雪花, 张建勇, 袁琦, 杜建明, 王斌, 王腾飞, 张译尹, 兰剑, 牟乐. 宁夏干旱区燕麦新种质生产性能和种子产量综合评价研究[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(4): 86-99.
Yi-bo WANG, Xue-hua MING, Jian-yong ZHANG, Qi YUAN, Jian-ming DU, Bin WANG, Teng-fei WANG, Yi-yin ZHANG, Jian LAN, Le MU. Multi-trait evaluation of the production performance and seed yield of new oat germplasm materials in the arid area of Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 86-99.
| 材料Material | 类型Type | 来源Source |
|---|---|---|
| CK1 (梦龙Menglong) | 品种Variety | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co.,Ltd. |
| CK2 (喜韵Xiyun) | 品种Variety | 宁夏西贝农林牧生态科技有限公司Ningxia Xibei Agriculture Forestry Animal Husbandry Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. |
| CK3 (当地燕麦Local oats) | 品种Variety | 宁夏西贝农林牧生态科技有限公司Ningxia Xibei Agriculture Forestry Animal Husbandry Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. |
| L1 | 种质Germplasm | 航天选育Aerospace breeding |
| L2 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L3 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L4 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L5 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L6 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L7 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L8 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L9 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L10 | 种质Germplasm | 航天选育Aerospace breeding |
| L11 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L12 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L13 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L14 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L15 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L16 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L17 | 种质Germplasm | 穗选选育Spike selection breeding |
| L18 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L19 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L20 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L21 | 种质Germplasm | 穗选选育Spike selection breeding |
表1 供试材料信息
Table 1 Information on test materials
| 材料Material | 类型Type | 来源Source |
|---|---|---|
| CK1 (梦龙Menglong) | 品种Variety | 北京百斯特草业有限公司Beijing Best Grass Industry Co.,Ltd. |
| CK2 (喜韵Xiyun) | 品种Variety | 宁夏西贝农林牧生态科技有限公司Ningxia Xibei Agriculture Forestry Animal Husbandry Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. |
| CK3 (当地燕麦Local oats) | 品种Variety | 宁夏西贝农林牧生态科技有限公司Ningxia Xibei Agriculture Forestry Animal Husbandry Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. |
| L1 | 种质Germplasm | 航天选育Aerospace breeding |
| L2 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L3 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L4 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L5 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L6 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L7 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L8 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L9 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L10 | 种质Germplasm | 航天选育Aerospace breeding |
| L11 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L12 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L13 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L14 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L15 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L16 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L17 | 种质Germplasm | 穗选选育Spike selection breeding |
| L18 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L19 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L20 | 种质Germplasm | 杂交选育Cross breeding |
| L21 | 种质Germplasm | 穗选选育Spike selection breeding |
图2 供试燕麦种质株高和茎粗的比较CK1、CK2、CK3为宁夏本地主推品种(对照),L1~L21为燕麦新种质,不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。CK1、CK2、CK3 are local main cultivated varieties(controls)in Ningxia, and L1-L21 are new oat germplasms; Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05); The same below.
Fig.2 Comparison of plant height and stem thickness of test oat germplasms
材料 Material | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 发芽势 Germination energy (%) | 苗长 Seedling length (cm) | 根长 Root length (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 96.33±1.53abc | 42.00±14.00ab | 6.00±1.97defgh | 5.63±1.10abc |
| CK2 | 92.33±2.52bcdefg | 41.33±5.03abc | 9.33±4.12abcde | 5.13±1.23abcd |
| CK3 | 95.33±0.58abcd | 11.33±1.15d | 4.23±1.19fgh | 3.70±1.39abcde |
| L1 | 93.67±2.52bcdef | 40.67±28.45abc | 9.93±1.36abcd | 3.60±1.47abcde |
| L2 | 98.67±1.53a | 22.00±14.42bcd | 9.87±0.57abcd | 6.00±0.36a |
| L3 | 97.33±2.08ab | 27.33±4.16abcd | 5.20±0.35efgh | 3.53±1.21abcde |
| L4 | 96.33±3.21abc | 16.67±11.55bcd | 5.37±0.75efgh | 4.13±1.91abcde |
| L5 | 92.00±2.00cdefg | 20.00±10.58bcd | 6.00±3.06defgh | 4.07±0.15abcde |
| L6 | 88.67±3.06g | 12.67±6.11d | 5.37±3.11efgh | 3.57±2.93abcde |
| L7 | 97.33±0.58ab | 37.33±7.02abcd | 7.80±1.32bcdef | 3.63±1.57abcde |
| L8 | 88.67±1.53g | 21.33±14.19bcd | 3.13±1.72gh | 3.40±1.08cde |
| L9 | 93.33±2.89bcdefg | 37.33±6.11abcd | 6.40±0.70cdefgh | 5.90±0.70ab |
| L10 | 92.00±5.20cdefg | 18.00±10.00bcd | 6.90±1.30bcdefgh | 4.53±1.29abcd |
| L11 | 90.00±5.00efg | 36.00±12.00abcd | 10.43±4.73abc | 4.53±0.74abcd |
| L12 | 89.33±1.15fg | 51.33±11.02a | 6.40±1.21cdefgh | 3.17±1.16cde |
| L13 | 82.67±4.16h | 11.33±9.24d | 6.20±2.13cdefgh | 3.60±1.97abcde |
| L14 | 90.67±2.08defg | 38.00±10.39abcd | 6.53±0.38cdefgh | 3.47±0.78bcde |
| L15 | 94.67±0.58abcde | 11.33±4.62d | 5.73±1.68defgh | 2.93±1.36de |
| L16 | 82.33±1.53h | 31.33±14.19abcd | 12.00±3.60a | 5.43±0.92abc |
| L17 | 96.00±2.00abc | 18.00±2.00bcd | 11.10±2.43ab | 5.57±0.47abc |
| L18 | 93.00±2.65bcdefg | 42.67±32.58ab | 2.80±1.21h | 1.90±0.50e |
| L19 | 96.33±2.08abc | 28.00±15.62abcd | 6.97±3.25bcdefgh | 4.97±0.99abcd |
| L20 | 97.67±1.15ab | 14.67±13.32cd | 7.40±0.26bcdefg | 4.97±0.12abcd |
| L21 | 97.67±1.53ab | 31.33±16.04abcd | 6.53±1.80cdefgh | 3.57±0.06abcde |
| 变异系数CV(%) | 2.41 | 44.54 | 27.60 | 27.58 |
表2 供试燕麦种质的种子发芽特性
Table 2 Seed germination characteristics of the tested oat germplasms
材料 Material | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 发芽势 Germination energy (%) | 苗长 Seedling length (cm) | 根长 Root length (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 96.33±1.53abc | 42.00±14.00ab | 6.00±1.97defgh | 5.63±1.10abc |
| CK2 | 92.33±2.52bcdefg | 41.33±5.03abc | 9.33±4.12abcde | 5.13±1.23abcd |
| CK3 | 95.33±0.58abcd | 11.33±1.15d | 4.23±1.19fgh | 3.70±1.39abcde |
| L1 | 93.67±2.52bcdef | 40.67±28.45abc | 9.93±1.36abcd | 3.60±1.47abcde |
| L2 | 98.67±1.53a | 22.00±14.42bcd | 9.87±0.57abcd | 6.00±0.36a |
| L3 | 97.33±2.08ab | 27.33±4.16abcd | 5.20±0.35efgh | 3.53±1.21abcde |
| L4 | 96.33±3.21abc | 16.67±11.55bcd | 5.37±0.75efgh | 4.13±1.91abcde |
| L5 | 92.00±2.00cdefg | 20.00±10.58bcd | 6.00±3.06defgh | 4.07±0.15abcde |
| L6 | 88.67±3.06g | 12.67±6.11d | 5.37±3.11efgh | 3.57±2.93abcde |
| L7 | 97.33±0.58ab | 37.33±7.02abcd | 7.80±1.32bcdef | 3.63±1.57abcde |
| L8 | 88.67±1.53g | 21.33±14.19bcd | 3.13±1.72gh | 3.40±1.08cde |
| L9 | 93.33±2.89bcdefg | 37.33±6.11abcd | 6.40±0.70cdefgh | 5.90±0.70ab |
| L10 | 92.00±5.20cdefg | 18.00±10.00bcd | 6.90±1.30bcdefgh | 4.53±1.29abcd |
| L11 | 90.00±5.00efg | 36.00±12.00abcd | 10.43±4.73abc | 4.53±0.74abcd |
| L12 | 89.33±1.15fg | 51.33±11.02a | 6.40±1.21cdefgh | 3.17±1.16cde |
| L13 | 82.67±4.16h | 11.33±9.24d | 6.20±2.13cdefgh | 3.60±1.97abcde |
| L14 | 90.67±2.08defg | 38.00±10.39abcd | 6.53±0.38cdefgh | 3.47±0.78bcde |
| L15 | 94.67±0.58abcde | 11.33±4.62d | 5.73±1.68defgh | 2.93±1.36de |
| L16 | 82.33±1.53h | 31.33±14.19abcd | 12.00±3.60a | 5.43±0.92abc |
| L17 | 96.00±2.00abc | 18.00±2.00bcd | 11.10±2.43ab | 5.57±0.47abc |
| L18 | 93.00±2.65bcdefg | 42.67±32.58ab | 2.80±1.21h | 1.90±0.50e |
| L19 | 96.33±2.08abc | 28.00±15.62abcd | 6.97±3.25bcdefgh | 4.97±0.99abcd |
| L20 | 97.67±1.15ab | 14.67±13.32cd | 7.40±0.26bcdefg | 4.97±0.12abcd |
| L21 | 97.67±1.53ab | 31.33±16.04abcd | 6.53±1.80cdefgh | 3.57±0.06abcde |
| 变异系数CV(%) | 2.41 | 44.54 | 27.60 | 27.58 |
材料 Material | 穗长 Ear length (cm) | 单株穗粒重 Grain weight per spike per plant (g) | 单株穗粒数 Number of grains per spike per plant | 轮生层数 Whorl number | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g) | 每花序小穗数 Number of spikelets per inflorescence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 23.33±3.20bcdef | 2.47±0.49abcdef | 49.67±20.55efg | 5.00±1.00ab | 27.99±1.83fghi | 25.33±5.03abc |
| CK2 | 21.50±1.74cdef | 2.99±1.41abcd | 66.00±12.17defg | 4.33±0.58b | 29.77±2.67cdefg | 22.67±7.23abc |
| CK3 | 21.90±4.42cdef | 1.86±0.29bcdef | 61.00±6.08defg | 5.00±1.00ab | 29.30±0.78defgh | 25.33±6.43abc |
| L1 | 25.60±1.56abcde | 1.31±0.62ef | 41.67±2.52g | 5.67±0.58ab | 29.12±0.82defgh | 30.00±1.73ab |
| L2 | 24.60±2.81bcde | 2.83±0.78abcde | 68.33±8.39defg | 5.00±1.00ab | 38.53±0.14a | 24.33±8.14abc |
| L3 | 23.03±2.84bcdef | 2.30±1.17abcdef | 108.67±39.63abc | 5.33±0.58ab | 24.90±2.80ij | 27.67±3.51abc |
| L4 | 18.60±4.88ef | 1.42±0.06def | 65.67±17.01defg | 4.67±0.58ab | 19.65±0.47l | 27.00±9.64abc |
| L5 | 22.87±7.74cdef | 2.58±0.83abcdef | 85.00±27.22bcde | 5.67±0.58ab | 30.17±0.79cdef | 22.00±4.00abc |
| L6 | 25.97±2.14abcde | 2.30±0.78abcdef | 80.00±21.66bcdef | 5.33±0.58ab | 28.65±2.81efghi | 24.67±2.52abc |
| L7 | 16.57±1.66f | 2.14±1.58bcdef | 47.00±2.65fg | 4.67±0.58ab | 25.78±1.35hij | 21.00±2.00bc |
| L8 | 21.37±1.86def | 3.27±0.84ab | 66.67±20.74defg | 5.00±0.00ab | 26.24±2.04ghij | 24.67±2.52abc |
| L9 | 30.10±2.55ab | 2.03±0.96bcdef | 141.67±26.63a | 4.67±0.58ab | 23.46±3.28ij | 22.00±1.73abc |
| L10 | 28.73±4.04abc | 3.72±0.50a | 50.00±4.58efg | 6.00±1.00a | 33.13±1.25bc | 27.00±3.46abc |
| L11 | 19.97±5.66def | 2.82±0.50abcdef | 81.00±14.93bcdef | 5.00±0.00ab | 32.12±1.22bcde | 19.33±1.15c |
| L12 | 20.67±4.36def | 3.16±0.83abc | 78.67±27.93cdef | 5.00±0.00ab | 25.70±1.64hij | 26.33±2.89abc |
| L13 | 26.17±0.15abcd | 2.78±0.77abcdef | 39.33±4.51g | 5.67±0.58ab | 32.86±1.34bcd | 26.00±4.58abc |
| L14 | 25.77±4.68abcde | 1.65±0.07cdef | 109.00±17.35abc | 5.00±0.00ab | 25.31±2.24ij | 22.67±2.52abc |
| L15 | 32.50±2.26a | 2.70±0.32abcdef | 94.00±32.08bcd | 5.67±1.53ab | 30.19±1.29cdef | 30.33±5.51a |
| L16 | 23.33±6.02bcdef | 1.25±0.30f | 45.33±16.17fg | 5.00±0.00ab | 28.38±1.69efghi | 21.33±2.52abc |
| L17 | 21.47±3.17cdef | 2.22±1.27abcdef | 93.33±3.51bcd | 5.00±0.00ab | 34.34±1.39b | 23.00±0.00abc |
| L18 | 18.63±0.47ef | 2.01±0.72bcdef | 75.33±6.81cdefg | 5.33±0.58ab | 20.41±4.22kl | 24.67±3.51abc |
| L19 | 22.37±1.88cdef | 2.26±0.66abcdef | 114.67±25.40ab | 6.00±1.00a | 27.14±3.11fghij | 29.67±6.66ab |
| L20 | 21.63±4.86cdef | 2.57±0.42abcdef | 76.00±2.65cdefg | 5.00±1.00ab | 34.06±1.02b | 21.67±2.52abc |
| L21 | 21.30±3.04def | 2.70±0.24abcdef | 75.67±10.60cdefg | 4.33±0.58b | 29.48±1.25cdefgh | 22.00±5.29abc |
| 变异系数CV (%) | 14.37 | 29.09 | 19.91 | 11.15 | 6.46 | 15.90 |
表3 供试燕麦种质的种子产量构成因素
Table 3 Seed yield components of the tested oat germplasms
材料 Material | 穗长 Ear length (cm) | 单株穗粒重 Grain weight per spike per plant (g) | 单株穗粒数 Number of grains per spike per plant | 轮生层数 Whorl number | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g) | 每花序小穗数 Number of spikelets per inflorescence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 23.33±3.20bcdef | 2.47±0.49abcdef | 49.67±20.55efg | 5.00±1.00ab | 27.99±1.83fghi | 25.33±5.03abc |
| CK2 | 21.50±1.74cdef | 2.99±1.41abcd | 66.00±12.17defg | 4.33±0.58b | 29.77±2.67cdefg | 22.67±7.23abc |
| CK3 | 21.90±4.42cdef | 1.86±0.29bcdef | 61.00±6.08defg | 5.00±1.00ab | 29.30±0.78defgh | 25.33±6.43abc |
| L1 | 25.60±1.56abcde | 1.31±0.62ef | 41.67±2.52g | 5.67±0.58ab | 29.12±0.82defgh | 30.00±1.73ab |
| L2 | 24.60±2.81bcde | 2.83±0.78abcde | 68.33±8.39defg | 5.00±1.00ab | 38.53±0.14a | 24.33±8.14abc |
| L3 | 23.03±2.84bcdef | 2.30±1.17abcdef | 108.67±39.63abc | 5.33±0.58ab | 24.90±2.80ij | 27.67±3.51abc |
| L4 | 18.60±4.88ef | 1.42±0.06def | 65.67±17.01defg | 4.67±0.58ab | 19.65±0.47l | 27.00±9.64abc |
| L5 | 22.87±7.74cdef | 2.58±0.83abcdef | 85.00±27.22bcde | 5.67±0.58ab | 30.17±0.79cdef | 22.00±4.00abc |
| L6 | 25.97±2.14abcde | 2.30±0.78abcdef | 80.00±21.66bcdef | 5.33±0.58ab | 28.65±2.81efghi | 24.67±2.52abc |
| L7 | 16.57±1.66f | 2.14±1.58bcdef | 47.00±2.65fg | 4.67±0.58ab | 25.78±1.35hij | 21.00±2.00bc |
| L8 | 21.37±1.86def | 3.27±0.84ab | 66.67±20.74defg | 5.00±0.00ab | 26.24±2.04ghij | 24.67±2.52abc |
| L9 | 30.10±2.55ab | 2.03±0.96bcdef | 141.67±26.63a | 4.67±0.58ab | 23.46±3.28ij | 22.00±1.73abc |
| L10 | 28.73±4.04abc | 3.72±0.50a | 50.00±4.58efg | 6.00±1.00a | 33.13±1.25bc | 27.00±3.46abc |
| L11 | 19.97±5.66def | 2.82±0.50abcdef | 81.00±14.93bcdef | 5.00±0.00ab | 32.12±1.22bcde | 19.33±1.15c |
| L12 | 20.67±4.36def | 3.16±0.83abc | 78.67±27.93cdef | 5.00±0.00ab | 25.70±1.64hij | 26.33±2.89abc |
| L13 | 26.17±0.15abcd | 2.78±0.77abcdef | 39.33±4.51g | 5.67±0.58ab | 32.86±1.34bcd | 26.00±4.58abc |
| L14 | 25.77±4.68abcde | 1.65±0.07cdef | 109.00±17.35abc | 5.00±0.00ab | 25.31±2.24ij | 22.67±2.52abc |
| L15 | 32.50±2.26a | 2.70±0.32abcdef | 94.00±32.08bcd | 5.67±1.53ab | 30.19±1.29cdef | 30.33±5.51a |
| L16 | 23.33±6.02bcdef | 1.25±0.30f | 45.33±16.17fg | 5.00±0.00ab | 28.38±1.69efghi | 21.33±2.52abc |
| L17 | 21.47±3.17cdef | 2.22±1.27abcdef | 93.33±3.51bcd | 5.00±0.00ab | 34.34±1.39b | 23.00±0.00abc |
| L18 | 18.63±0.47ef | 2.01±0.72bcdef | 75.33±6.81cdefg | 5.33±0.58ab | 20.41±4.22kl | 24.67±3.51abc |
| L19 | 22.37±1.88cdef | 2.26±0.66abcdef | 114.67±25.40ab | 6.00±1.00a | 27.14±3.11fghij | 29.67±6.66ab |
| L20 | 21.63±4.86cdef | 2.57±0.42abcdef | 76.00±2.65cdefg | 5.00±1.00ab | 34.06±1.02b | 21.67±2.52abc |
| L21 | 21.30±3.04def | 2.70±0.24abcdef | 75.67±10.60cdefg | 4.33±0.58b | 29.48±1.25cdefgh | 22.00±5.29abc |
| 变异系数CV (%) | 14.37 | 29.09 | 19.91 | 11.15 | 6.46 | 15.90 |
图6 供试燕麦种质不同指标间相关性分析PH: 株高Plant height; SD: 茎粗Stem diameter; DWP: 单株干重Dry weight per plant;GWP: 单株穗粒重Grain weight per spike per plant; NOG: 单株穗粒数Number of grains per spike per plant; GR: 发芽率Germination rat; SL: 种子长Seed length; SW: 种子宽Seed width; TGW: 千粒重Thousand grain weight; GE: 发芽势Germination energy; EL: 穗长Ear length; EW: 穗重Ear weight; NOS: 每花序小穗数Number of spikelets per inflorescence; WN: 轮生层数Whorl number; RL: 根长Root length; Sl: 苗长Seedling length; CPY: 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield; ASY: 实际种子产量Actual seed yield.
Fig.6 Correlation analysis of different indices of the tested oat germplasm
项目 Item | 主成分Principal component | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | |
| 株高Plant height | 0.624 | 0.180 | 0.008 | 0.025 | -0.538 | 0.207 |
| 茎粗Stem diameter | 0.793 | -0.137 | -0.383 | -0.138 | 0.326 | 0.107 |
| 单株干重Dry weight per plant | 0.903 | 0.068 | -0.276 | -0.159 | 0.125 | 0.056 |
| 单株穗粒重Grain weight per spike per plant | 0.647 | -0.101 | -0.478 | -0.229 | -0.013 | 0.022 |
| 单株穗粒数Number of grains per spike per plant | 0.266 | 0.023 | 0.686 | -0.455 | 0.120 | -0.392 |
| 发芽率Germination rat | 0.140 | 0.155 | 0.379 | -0.365 | -0.701 | 0.238 |
| 种子长Seed length | 0.241 | 0.172 | 0.539 | -0.042 | 0.275 | 0.472 |
| 种子宽Seed width | 0.138 | 0.570 | 0.468 | 0.313 | 0.232 | -0.041 |
| 千粒重Thousand grain weight | 0.584 | 0.266 | -0.278 | 0.532 | -0.356 | -0.086 |
| 发芽势Germination energy | -0.230 | 0.305 | 0.077 | -0.388 | 0.378 | 0.478 |
| 穗长Ear length | 0.559 | -0.367 | 0.354 | 0.403 | 0.253 | -0.220 |
| 穗重Ear weight | 0.411 | -0.459 | 0.611 | 0.271 | -0.063 | 0.050 |
| 每花序小穗数Number of spikelets per inflorescence | 0.115 | -0.736 | 0.307 | 0.206 | -0.088 | 0.402 |
| 轮生层数Whorl number | 0.291 | -0.674 | 0.022 | 0.373 | 0.060 | 0.041 |
| 根长Root length | 0.416 | 0.716 | 0.165 | 0.283 | 0.089 | 0.006 |
| 苗长Seedling length | 0.046 | 0.669 | 0.038 | 0.563 | 0.029 | 0.090 |
| 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield | 0.885 | 0.044 | -0.241 | -0.217 | 0.160 | 0.062 |
| 实际种子产量Actual seed yield | 0.617 | 0.121 | 0.421 | -0.479 | -0.111 | -0.280 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 4.731 | 2.927 | 2.515 | 2.061 | 1.442 | 1.034 |
| 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) | 26.283 | 16.260 | 13.971 | 11.450 | 8.011 | 5.743 |
| 累计贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) | 26.283 | 42.544 | 56.515 | 67.965 | 75.976 | 81.719 |
表4 供试燕麦种质各因子特征值和累计贡献率
Table 4 Characteristic value and cumulative contribution rates of the tested oat germplasm
项目 Item | 主成分Principal component | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | |
| 株高Plant height | 0.624 | 0.180 | 0.008 | 0.025 | -0.538 | 0.207 |
| 茎粗Stem diameter | 0.793 | -0.137 | -0.383 | -0.138 | 0.326 | 0.107 |
| 单株干重Dry weight per plant | 0.903 | 0.068 | -0.276 | -0.159 | 0.125 | 0.056 |
| 单株穗粒重Grain weight per spike per plant | 0.647 | -0.101 | -0.478 | -0.229 | -0.013 | 0.022 |
| 单株穗粒数Number of grains per spike per plant | 0.266 | 0.023 | 0.686 | -0.455 | 0.120 | -0.392 |
| 发芽率Germination rat | 0.140 | 0.155 | 0.379 | -0.365 | -0.701 | 0.238 |
| 种子长Seed length | 0.241 | 0.172 | 0.539 | -0.042 | 0.275 | 0.472 |
| 种子宽Seed width | 0.138 | 0.570 | 0.468 | 0.313 | 0.232 | -0.041 |
| 千粒重Thousand grain weight | 0.584 | 0.266 | -0.278 | 0.532 | -0.356 | -0.086 |
| 发芽势Germination energy | -0.230 | 0.305 | 0.077 | -0.388 | 0.378 | 0.478 |
| 穗长Ear length | 0.559 | -0.367 | 0.354 | 0.403 | 0.253 | -0.220 |
| 穗重Ear weight | 0.411 | -0.459 | 0.611 | 0.271 | -0.063 | 0.050 |
| 每花序小穗数Number of spikelets per inflorescence | 0.115 | -0.736 | 0.307 | 0.206 | -0.088 | 0.402 |
| 轮生层数Whorl number | 0.291 | -0.674 | 0.022 | 0.373 | 0.060 | 0.041 |
| 根长Root length | 0.416 | 0.716 | 0.165 | 0.283 | 0.089 | 0.006 |
| 苗长Seedling length | 0.046 | 0.669 | 0.038 | 0.563 | 0.029 | 0.090 |
| 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield | 0.885 | 0.044 | -0.241 | -0.217 | 0.160 | 0.062 |
| 实际种子产量Actual seed yield | 0.617 | 0.121 | 0.421 | -0.479 | -0.111 | -0.280 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 4.731 | 2.927 | 2.515 | 2.061 | 1.442 | 1.034 |
| 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) | 26.283 | 16.260 | 13.971 | 11.450 | 8.011 | 5.743 |
| 累计贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) | 26.283 | 42.544 | 56.515 | 67.965 | 75.976 | 81.719 |
| 材料Material | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Y6 | Y | 排名Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 0.706 | 1.063 | -0.824 | -0.080 | 0.369 | 1.382 | 0.420 | 5 |
| CK2 | -0.632 | 2.180 | 0.181 | -0.134 | 0.904 | 1.035 | 0.404 | 7 |
| CK3 | -2.042 | -0.937 | 0.221 | 0.759 | -1.918 | -0.151 | -0.898 | 21 |
| L1 | -1.618 | -1.311 | 0.982 | 2.382 | 0.001 | 2.061 | -0.134 | 13 |
| L2 | 4.386 | 2.090 | 0.595 | 0.925 | -2.061 | 0.680 | 1.903 | 2 |
| L3 | -0.392 | -0.537 | 2.167 | -0.804 | -0.201 | 0.064 | 0.010 | 10 |
| L4 | -3.520 | -0.474 | 0.671 | -0.517 | -0.434 | 0.502 | -1.191 | 22 |
| L5 | -0.069 | -0.615 | -0.008 | 0.056 | -0.270 | -1.324 | -0.258 | 16 |
| L6 | -0.613 | -1.380 | -0.044 | 0.922 | 0.179 | -1.791 | -0.459 | 19 |
| L7 | -3.434 | 1.407 | -0.987 | -0.796 | -1.520 | 0.337 | -1.230 | 23 |
| L8 | -0.092 | -1.228 | -2.316 | -1.697 | 1.152 | -0.759 | -0.848 | 20 |
| L9 | 3.400 | 1.616 | 3.234 | -1.717 | 2.479 | -0.812 | 1.913 | 1 |
| L10 | 3.887 | -1.679 | -1.562 | 1.069 | 0.814 | 1.062 | 0.953 | 4 |
| L11 | 0.135 | 2.152 | -2.403 | -0.344 | 0.338 | -1.013 | -0.025 | 11 |
| L12 | 0.116 | -0.892 | -0.986 | -1.690 | 0.975 | 1.266 | -0.361 | 18 |
| L13 | 2.044 | -1.674 | -2.533 | 2.185 | 0.787 | 0.219 | 0.290 | 8 |
| L14 | -1.776 | -0.226 | 1.964 | -0.414 | 0.565 | -0.619 | -0.326 | 17 |
| L15 | 1.221 | -3.777 | 1.626 | 1.024 | -0.899 | -1.281 | -0.116 | 12 |
| L16 | -3.564 | 2.186 | -0.517 | 3.137 | 2.116 | -1.034 | -0.225 | 14 |
| L17 | 0.616 | 2.853 | 1.668 | 1.251 | -0.412 | 0.283 | 1.206 | 3 |
| L18 | -1.898 | -1.866 | -0.368 | -2.717 | 0.731 | 1.080 | -1.278 | 24 |
| L19 | 1.173 | -1.140 | 1.956 | -0.368 | -0.473 | 0.250 | 0.405 | 6 |
| L20 | 1.896 | 0.837 | -2.073 | -1.001 | -1.389 | -1.056 | 0.071 | 9 |
| L21 | 0.068 | 1.350 | -0.644 | -1.431 | -1.832 | -0.381 | -0.226 | 15 |
表5 供试燕麦种质公因子值及综合排名
Table 5 Common factor values and comprehensive rankings of the tested oat germplasms
| 材料Material | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Y6 | Y | 排名Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 0.706 | 1.063 | -0.824 | -0.080 | 0.369 | 1.382 | 0.420 | 5 |
| CK2 | -0.632 | 2.180 | 0.181 | -0.134 | 0.904 | 1.035 | 0.404 | 7 |
| CK3 | -2.042 | -0.937 | 0.221 | 0.759 | -1.918 | -0.151 | -0.898 | 21 |
| L1 | -1.618 | -1.311 | 0.982 | 2.382 | 0.001 | 2.061 | -0.134 | 13 |
| L2 | 4.386 | 2.090 | 0.595 | 0.925 | -2.061 | 0.680 | 1.903 | 2 |
| L3 | -0.392 | -0.537 | 2.167 | -0.804 | -0.201 | 0.064 | 0.010 | 10 |
| L4 | -3.520 | -0.474 | 0.671 | -0.517 | -0.434 | 0.502 | -1.191 | 22 |
| L5 | -0.069 | -0.615 | -0.008 | 0.056 | -0.270 | -1.324 | -0.258 | 16 |
| L6 | -0.613 | -1.380 | -0.044 | 0.922 | 0.179 | -1.791 | -0.459 | 19 |
| L7 | -3.434 | 1.407 | -0.987 | -0.796 | -1.520 | 0.337 | -1.230 | 23 |
| L8 | -0.092 | -1.228 | -2.316 | -1.697 | 1.152 | -0.759 | -0.848 | 20 |
| L9 | 3.400 | 1.616 | 3.234 | -1.717 | 2.479 | -0.812 | 1.913 | 1 |
| L10 | 3.887 | -1.679 | -1.562 | 1.069 | 0.814 | 1.062 | 0.953 | 4 |
| L11 | 0.135 | 2.152 | -2.403 | -0.344 | 0.338 | -1.013 | -0.025 | 11 |
| L12 | 0.116 | -0.892 | -0.986 | -1.690 | 0.975 | 1.266 | -0.361 | 18 |
| L13 | 2.044 | -1.674 | -2.533 | 2.185 | 0.787 | 0.219 | 0.290 | 8 |
| L14 | -1.776 | -0.226 | 1.964 | -0.414 | 0.565 | -0.619 | -0.326 | 17 |
| L15 | 1.221 | -3.777 | 1.626 | 1.024 | -0.899 | -1.281 | -0.116 | 12 |
| L16 | -3.564 | 2.186 | -0.517 | 3.137 | 2.116 | -1.034 | -0.225 | 14 |
| L17 | 0.616 | 2.853 | 1.668 | 1.251 | -0.412 | 0.283 | 1.206 | 3 |
| L18 | -1.898 | -1.866 | -0.368 | -2.717 | 0.731 | 1.080 | -1.278 | 24 |
| L19 | 1.173 | -1.140 | 1.956 | -0.368 | -0.473 | 0.250 | 0.405 | 6 |
| L20 | 1.896 | 0.837 | -2.073 | -1.001 | -1.389 | -1.056 | 0.071 | 9 |
| L21 | 0.068 | 1.350 | -0.644 | -1.431 | -1.832 | -0.381 | -0.226 | 15 |
图7 供试燕麦种质农艺性状聚类分析A: 株高Plant height; B: 茎粗Stem diameter; C: 单株干重Dry weight per plant; D: 单株穗粒重Grain weight per spike per plant; E: 单株穗粒数Number of grains per spike per plant; F: 发芽率Germination rat; G: 种子长Seed length; H: 种子宽Seed width; I: 千粒重Thousand grain weight; J: 发芽势Germination energy; K: 穗长Ear length; L: 穗重Ear weight; M: 每花序小穗数Number of spikelets per inflorescence; N: 轮生层数Whorl number; O: 根长Root length; P: 苗长Seedling length; Q: 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield; R: 实际种子产量Actual seed yield.
Fig.7 Clustering analysis of agronomic traits of the tested oat germplasm
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