草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 15-29.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025401
张丁文1,2,7(
), 李洋1, 李振恺1,2,7, 董世德1, 刘汉文1, 于春晓1, 温樱5, 陈英姿6, 王光美1,2,3,4(
)
收稿日期:2025-09-30
修回日期:2026-01-05
出版日期:2026-10-20
发布日期:2026-09-09
通讯作者:
王光美
作者简介:E-mail: gmwang@yic.ac.cn基金资助:
Ding-wen ZHANG1,2,7(
), Yang LI1, Zhen-kai LI1,2,7, Shi-de DONG1, Han-wen LIU1, Chun-xiao YU1, Ying WEN5, Ying-zi Chen6, Guang-mei WANG1,2,3,4(
)
Received:2025-09-30
Revised:2026-01-05
Online:2026-10-20
Published:2026-09-09
Contact:
Guang-mei WANG
摘要:
盐碱农田土壤肥力提升是盐碱地改良与高质量开发的重要标志。为探明夏季覆盖种植对黄河三角洲盐碱农田土壤肥力的影响,于中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所黄河三角洲盐碱地农田生态系统观测研究站开展了田间试验,设置轻度(0.2%)、中度(0.4%)2个土壤盐分水平,高丹草-冬小麦(HW)、田菁-冬小麦(SW)、夏玉米-冬小麦(MW)3种轮作方式,共6个处理,每个处理3个重复,以当地传统夏玉米-冬小麦轮作为对照,探明土壤盐分水平与夏季覆盖作物类型对后茬冬小麦土壤肥力指数(SFI)的影响。结果表明,在轻度盐分土壤中,与MW相比,HW和SW土壤肥力指数在播种期分别提升了46.24%和19.98%,返青期分别提高了8.61%和7.12%,成熟期HW提高了14.29%。中度盐分土壤中,与MW相比,HW土壤肥力指数在播种期提升了14.67%。同种轮作方式下,HW在轻度盐分下播种期土壤肥力指数高于中度盐分,而MW则在中度盐分下成熟期土壤肥力指数高于轻度盐分。土壤肥力指数与土壤速效磷、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮、全磷和全钾呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤盐分呈显著负相关关系。综合来看,高丹草-冬小麦和田菁-冬小麦轮作均可提升轻度盐分农田的土壤肥力,可作为黄河三角洲盐碱地改良的轮作方式。
张丁文, 李洋, 李振恺, 董世德, 刘汉文, 于春晓, 温樱, 陈英姿, 王光美. 夏季覆盖种植对黄河三角洲盐碱农田土壤肥力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(10): 15-29.
Ding-wen ZHANG, Yang LI, Zhen-kai LI, Shi-de DONG, Han-wen LIU, Chun-xiao YU, Ying WEN, Ying-zi Chen, Guang-mei WANG. Effects of summer cover cropping on soil fertility in saline-alkali farmland of the Yellow River Delta[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(10): 15-29.
分级 Classification | pH | 含盐量Salt content (‰) | 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g?kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g?kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g?kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g?kg-1) | 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg?kg-1) | 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg?kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg?kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg?kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xa | 8.5 | 4 | 10 | 0.75 | 0.4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 40 |
| Xc | 7.5 | 2 | 20 | 1.50 | 0.6 | 20 | 5 | 25 | 10 | 100 |
| Xp | 6.5 | 1 | 30 | 2.00 | 1.0 | 25 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 150 |
表1 土壤指标分级标准
Table 1 Soil index classification standards
分级 Classification | pH | 含盐量Salt content (‰) | 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g?kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g?kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g?kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g?kg-1) | 铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg?kg-1) | 硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg?kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg?kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg?kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xa | 8.5 | 4 | 10 | 0.75 | 0.4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 40 |
| Xc | 7.5 | 2 | 20 | 1.50 | 0.6 | 20 | 5 | 25 | 10 | 100 |
| Xp | 6.5 | 1 | 30 | 2.00 | 1.0 | 25 | 10 | 50 | 20 | 150 |
因子 Factors | pH | 含盐量Salt content | 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen | 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen | 速效磷Available phosphorus | 速效钾Available potassium | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | |
| 土壤盐分水平Soil salinity level (SS) | 13.799 | 0.001** | 26.311 | <0.001** | 0.058 | 0.811 | 1.803 | 0.186 | 0.436 | 0.512 | 0.711 | 0.403 |
| 夏季覆盖作物类型Types of summer cover crops (TC) | 0.555 | 0.578 | 0.847 | 0.435 | 7.485 | 0.001** | 18.899 | <0.001** | 4.644 | 0.014* | 5.213 | 0.009** |
| 生育期Growth period (P) | 20.149 | 0.008** | 8.713 | 0.035* | 141.668 | <0.001** | 16.722 | 0.011* | 97.337 | <0.001** | 1.601 | 0.308 |
| SS×TC | 0.333 | 0.719 | 0.081 | 0.923 | 0.070 | 0.932 | 3.737 | 0.031* | 3.447 | 0.040* | 5.886 | 0.005** |
| SS×P | 0.129 | 0.882 | 6.205 | 0.059 | 0.222 | 0.810 | 40.485 | 0.002** | 34.029 | 0.003** | 1.596 | 0.309 |
| TC×P | 0.382 | 0.815 | 2.278 | 0.150 | 216.909 | <0.001** | 3.398 | 0.066 | 73.591 | <0.001** | 1.030 | 0.448 |
| SS×TC×P | 0.886 | 0.472 | 2.128 | 0.169 | 1.747 | 0.307 | 22.187 | <0.001** | 1.464 | 0.299 | 0.747 | 0.586 |
表2 不同盐分下各处理冬小麦的土壤pH、含盐量、速效养分方差分析
Table 2 Variance analysis of soil pH, salt content and available nutrients in each treatment of winter wheat under different salt levels
因子 Factors | pH | 含盐量Salt content | 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen | 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen | 速效磷Available phosphorus | 速效钾Available potassium | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | |
| 土壤盐分水平Soil salinity level (SS) | 13.799 | 0.001** | 26.311 | <0.001** | 0.058 | 0.811 | 1.803 | 0.186 | 0.436 | 0.512 | 0.711 | 0.403 |
| 夏季覆盖作物类型Types of summer cover crops (TC) | 0.555 | 0.578 | 0.847 | 0.435 | 7.485 | 0.001** | 18.899 | <0.001** | 4.644 | 0.014* | 5.213 | 0.009** |
| 生育期Growth period (P) | 20.149 | 0.008** | 8.713 | 0.035* | 141.668 | <0.001** | 16.722 | 0.011* | 97.337 | <0.001** | 1.601 | 0.308 |
| SS×TC | 0.333 | 0.719 | 0.081 | 0.923 | 0.070 | 0.932 | 3.737 | 0.031* | 3.447 | 0.040* | 5.886 | 0.005** |
| SS×P | 0.129 | 0.882 | 6.205 | 0.059 | 0.222 | 0.810 | 40.485 | 0.002** | 34.029 | 0.003** | 1.596 | 0.309 |
| TC×P | 0.382 | 0.815 | 2.278 | 0.150 | 216.909 | <0.001** | 3.398 | 0.066 | 73.591 | <0.001** | 1.030 | 0.448 |
| SS×TC×P | 0.886 | 0.472 | 2.128 | 0.169 | 1.747 | 0.307 | 22.187 | <0.001** | 1.464 | 0.299 | 0.747 | 0.586 |
图2 不同盐分下各处理冬小麦的土壤pH、含盐量不同大写字母表示相同盐分同一时期下不同覆盖作物土壤指标差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一盐分相同覆盖作物下各生育期之间土壤指标的差异显著(P<0.05);*表示相同覆盖作物同一时期下不同盐分间土壤指标差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different capital letters indicate significant differences in soil indicators of different cover crops under the same salt content and period at P<0.05 level; Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in soil indicators among the growth period under the same salt content and cover crop at P<0.05 level; * indicates significant differences in soil indicators between salinity levels for the same cover crop among the growth period at P<0.05 level, the same below.
Fig.2 Soil pH and salinity of winter wheat under different salinity levels for each treatment
因子 Factors | 全氮 Total nitrogen | 全磷 Total phosphorus | 全钾 Total potassium | 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter | 土壤肥力指数 Soil fertility index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | |
| 土壤盐分水平Soil salinity level (SS) | 0.222 | 0.640 | 4.664 | 0.036* | 1.171 | 0.285 | 0.482 | 0.492 | 3.560 | 0.067 |
| 夏季覆盖作物类型Types of summer cover crops (TC) | 0.595 | 0.556 | 4.093 | 0.023* | 0.862 | 0.429 | 2.720 | 0.079 | 29.897 | <0.001** |
| 生育期Growth period (P) | 148.607 | <0.001** | 2.725 | 0.179 | 30.551 | 0.004** | 0.566 | 0.573 | 23.487 | <0.001** |
| SS×TC | 0.331 | 0.720 | 1.196 | 0.311 | 0.014 | 0.986 | 0.145 | 0.866 | 11.063 | <0.001** |
| SS×P | 1.457 | 0.335 | 4.862 | 0.085 | 2.437 | 0.203 | 0.114 | 0.893 | 3.987 | 0.027* |
| TC×P | 0.031 | 0.983 | 5.165 | 0.024* | 1.763 | 0.281 | 0.092 | 0.984 | 8.470 | <0.001** |
| SS×TC×P | 0.477 | 0.627 | 1.349 | 0.332 | 0.258 | 0.868 | 0.073 | 0.990 | 2.053 | 0.107 |
表3 不同盐分下各处理冬小麦的土壤全量养分、有机质、土壤肥力指数方差分析
Table 3 Variance analysis of soil total nutrients, organic matter and soil fertility index of winter wheat under different salt levels in each treatment
因子 Factors | 全氮 Total nitrogen | 全磷 Total phosphorus | 全钾 Total potassium | 土壤有机质 Soil organic matter | 土壤肥力指数 Soil fertility index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | F值 F value | P值 P value | |
| 土壤盐分水平Soil salinity level (SS) | 0.222 | 0.640 | 4.664 | 0.036* | 1.171 | 0.285 | 0.482 | 0.492 | 3.560 | 0.067 |
| 夏季覆盖作物类型Types of summer cover crops (TC) | 0.595 | 0.556 | 4.093 | 0.023* | 0.862 | 0.429 | 2.720 | 0.079 | 29.897 | <0.001** |
| 生育期Growth period (P) | 148.607 | <0.001** | 2.725 | 0.179 | 30.551 | 0.004** | 0.566 | 0.573 | 23.487 | <0.001** |
| SS×TC | 0.331 | 0.720 | 1.196 | 0.311 | 0.014 | 0.986 | 0.145 | 0.866 | 11.063 | <0.001** |
| SS×P | 1.457 | 0.335 | 4.862 | 0.085 | 2.437 | 0.203 | 0.114 | 0.893 | 3.987 | 0.027* |
| TC×P | 0.031 | 0.983 | 5.165 | 0.024* | 1.763 | 0.281 | 0.092 | 0.984 | 8.470 | <0.001** |
| SS×TC×P | 0.477 | 0.627 | 1.349 | 0.332 | 0.258 | 0.868 | 0.073 | 0.990 | 2.053 | 0.107 |
图7 土壤肥力指数与化学性质的相关性Salt:含盐量Salt content;SOM:土壤有机质Soil organic matter;TN:全氮Total nitrogen;TP:全磷Total phosphorus;TK:全钾Total potassium;NH4+-N:铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen;NO3--N:硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen;AP:速效磷Available phosphorus;AK:速效钾Available potassium;SFI:土壤肥力指数Soil fertility index. 圆形:P<0.05,圆圈越大,P值越小。Circles: P<0.05, the larger the circle, the smaller the P value.
Fig.7 The correlation between soil fertility index and chemical properties
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