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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 63-73.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023356

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫花苜蓿还田对饲料玉米产量和氮素吸收转运的影响

王峥1(), 常伟2, 李俊诚2, 苏连泰1, 高鲤1, 周鹏1, 安渊1()   

  1. 1.上海交通大学农业与生物学院,农业农村部都市农业重点实验室,上海 200240
    2.上海鼎瀛农业有限公司,上海 202171
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-21 修回日期:2023-10-30 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-05-13
  • 通讯作者: 安渊
  • 作者简介:E-mail: anyuan@sjtu.edu.cn
    王峥(1998-),男,河南鹤壁人,在读硕士。E-mail: wz0215@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科技创新行动计划(22dz1208302);国家基金委青年项目(32101433)

Effects of alfalfa green manure on the yield, nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen translocation of feed maize

Zheng WANG1(), Wei CHANG2, Jun-cheng LI2, Lian-tai SU1, Li GAO1, Peng ZHOU1, Yuan AN1()   

  1. 1.School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200240,China
    2.Shanghai Dingying Agriculture Limited Company,Shanghai 202171,China
  • Received:2023-09-21 Revised:2023-10-30 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-05-13
  • Contact: Yuan AN

摘要:

紫花苜蓿作为绿肥还田,并与玉米周年轮作是改良农田土壤,增加玉米产量的有效途径,但苜蓿绿肥促进玉米增产的生理和分子机制仍不清楚。本试验分别选择秋季种植黑麦草(黑麦草地)和紫花苜蓿(苜蓿地)二个地块,将部分黑麦草还田(即黑麦草绿肥)和紫花苜蓿还田(即苜蓿绿肥)后种植饲料玉米,设置黑麦草还田+玉米(黑麦草绿肥处理)、苜蓿还田+玉米(苜蓿绿肥处理)和黑麦草地施苜蓿绿肥中等量的氮素+玉米(苜蓿等量氮肥处理,即黑麦草地添加与苜蓿绿肥氮素等量的氮肥作为基肥)3个处理。结果显示:与黑麦草绿肥处理相比,苜蓿绿肥和苜蓿等量氮肥处理明显促进了玉米株高和地上生物量的增加,收获期生物量依次提高了48.77%和37.73%,但二者的氮肥偏生产力差异巨大,分别比黑麦草绿肥处理增加48.77%和降低9.61%;苜蓿绿肥处理增加了玉米新叶、老叶和叶鞘的N含量,分别较黑麦草绿肥处理提高9.59%、9.97%和33.90%,增加幅度高于苜蓿等量氮肥处理;而根尖中N含量在苜蓿等量氮肥处理中最高,其次是苜蓿绿肥处理,较黑麦草绿肥处理依次增加78.07%和23.08%;与N转运相关的关键基因ZmNPF6.4ZmNPF6.6表达量在苜蓿绿肥处理的根中分别上调了96.48%和234.08%,同时ZmNRT2.1ZmNRT2.2ZmNPF6.6在白天叶片中显著上调,ZmNPF6.4ZmNPF6.6在夜间叶片中显著下调。结果表明,紫花苜蓿还田通过影响饲料玉米根系对土壤氮素的吸收和转运,有效促进了玉米生长,提高了玉米产量。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 玉米, 绿肥, 氮转运

Abstract:

The use of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) green manure in the cultivation of maize (Zea mays) is an effective way to improve soil quality and increase maize yield, but the mechanism by which alfalfa green manure increases maize production is still unclear. To determine the effects of green manure on maize plants, we conducted a field experiment with the following treatments: maize planted in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) soil and addition of ryegrass green manure (ryegrass green manure treatment), maize planted in alfalfa soil and addition of alfalfa green manure (alfalfa green manure treatment), and maize planted in ryegrass soil and addition of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to provide the same amount of N as that in alfalfa green manure (alfalfa-equivalent N treatment). It was found that both the alfalfa green manure treatment and the alfalfa-equivalent N treatment resulted in significant increases in plant height and the aboveground biomass of maize; the aboveground biomass was 48.77% and 37.73% higher, respectively, in those treatments than in the ryegrass green manure treatment. However, there was a significant difference in N fertilizer partial productivity between the alfalfa green manure treatment and the alfalfa-equivalent N treatment, with an increase of 48.77% and a decrease of 9.61%, respectively, compared with that in the ryegrass green manure treatment. The alfalfa green manure treatment increased the N contents in new leaves, old leaves, and leaf sheaths in maize, which were 9.59%, 9.97%, and 33.90% higher, respectively, than their values in the ryegrass green manure treatment, and these increases were greater than those in the alfalfa-equivalent N treatment. The N content in the root tip was highest in the alfalfa-equivalent N treatment, followed by the alfalfa green manure treatment (78.07% and 23.08% higher, respectively, than that in the ryegrass green manure treatment). The transcript levels of key genes related to N transport, ZmNPF6.4 and ZmNPF6.6, were upregulated by 96.48% and 234.08%, respectively, in the roots of maize plants in the alfalfa green manure treatment. In the alfalfa green manure treatment, ZmNRT2.1ZmNRT2.2, and ZmNPF6.6 were significantly upregulated in leaves during daytime (AM 10:00), whereas ZmNPF6.4 and ZmNPF6.6 were significantly downregulated in leaves during nighttime (PM 10:00). These results indicate that alfalfa green manure effectively promotes maize plant growth, and increases the aboveground biomass of maize by affecting the absorption and transport of soil N by roots.

Key words: alfalfa, maize, green manure, nitrogen translocation