不同施氮水平下接种根瘤菌对苜蓿固氮效能及种子生产的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设置田间小区试验和沙培试验,采用¹⁵N自然丰度法测定不同施氮水平下、不同方式接种根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿固氮效能、生长和种子产量的影响。结果表明,在50 kg/hm²低施氮量下,接种根瘤菌能增加苜蓿的根瘤数量和根瘤重量,苜蓿固氮率、固氮量均达到了最高,分别为(77.8±0.508)%和(452.51±2.568) kg/hm²。接种根瘤菌有效促进了苜蓿的生长,提高了地上部干物质积累,增加了有效分枝数、荚果数及种子产量,种子产量增幅平均达(59.7±0.118)%,显著高于不接种、不施氮和其他施氮处理。而施氮量超过50 kg/hm²,则会抑制根瘤菌结瘤,引起苜蓿固氮率、固氮量下降。随着施氮量增加,根瘤菌促进苜蓿植株生长的效应明显减弱,造成生物量和荚果数减少,种子增产幅度降低。比较秋播拌种和春季返青追施2种不同的根瘤菌接种方式,以秋播拌种根瘤菌结合施氮量50 kg/hm²时的增产最为显著。秋播拌种根瘤菌的生物固氮百分率和固氮量与苜蓿种子产量呈显著正相关。

Abstract: Field plot and sand pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of four different nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha) and two ways of inoculating rhizobia (soaking seeds with rhizobia in autumn and furrow inoculating rhizobia in spring) on the nitrogen fixation ability, growth characteristics and seed yield of alfalfa by using a ¹⁵N natural abundance method. The field experiments were located at the grassland ecological research station in Hutubi County of Xinjiang Agricultural University during the growing seasons 2009 to 2010. The nodule numbers and nodule fresh weight were significantly improved by inoculating rhizobial strain ACCC17544, and attained the maximum percentage and amount of nitrogen fixation (77.8±0.508)% and (452.51±2.568) kg/ha respectively under the lower level of 50 kg/ha nitrogen application. Also, inoculating rhizobia promoted growth, increased above ground dry matter accumulation, number of branches, number of pods and seed yield of alfalfa. The seed yield obtained had an average increase rate of (59.7±0.118)% that was significantly more than those in uninoculated, no nitrogen fertilization and other nitrogen rate treatments. Nitrogen application above 50 kg/ha inhibited nodulation and the percentage and amount of nitrogen fixation were reduced. With increasing amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, the inoculating rhizobial efficiency for improving alfalfa growth were obviously weakened, and the biomass, number of pods, and extent of yield increase were reduced. Soaking seeds with rhizobia in autumn combined with nitrogen application of 50 kg/ha was the best combination for increasing seed yield in the field plot experiments. There was a significant positive relationship between the amount of rhizobial nitrogen fixation and seed yield.

中图分类号:

马霞,王丽丽,李卫军,宋江平,何媛,罗明. 不同施氮水平下接种根瘤菌对苜蓿固氮效能及种子生产的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 95-102.

MA Xia, WANG Li-li, LI Wei-jun, SONG Jiang-ping, HE Yuan, LUO Ming. Effects of different nitrogen levels on nitrogen fixation and seed production of alfalfa inoculated with rhizobia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 95-102.

参考文献

[1] 曹宏, 章会玲, 盖琼辉. 22个紫花苜蓿品种的引种试验和生产性能综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 219-229.
[2] 黄新, 王亚琴, 刘建新, 等. 接种根瘤菌对不同紫花苜蓿品种结瘤和生物学产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2005, (6): 391-394.
[3] 宁国赞, 刘惠琴, 马晓彤. 中国苜蓿根瘤菌大面积应用研究现状及展望[A]. 首届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集[C]. 北京: 中国草原学会, 2001.
[4] 曾昭海, 胡跃高. 共生固氮在农牧业上的作用及影响因素研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2006, (14): 21-24.
[5] 曾昭海, 隋新华, 胡跃高. 紫花苜蓿—根瘤菌高效共生体筛选及田间作用效果[J]. 草业学报, 2004, 13(5): 95-100.
[6] Peterson T A, Russelle M P. Alfalfa and the nitrogen cycle in the corn belt[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1991, 3: 229-235.
[7] 李友国, 周俊初. 影响根瘤菌共生固氮效率的主要因素及遗传改造[J]. 微生物学通报, 2002, (6): 86-89.
[8] 李振高, 骆永明, 滕应. 土壤和环境微生物研究法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008: 125-126.
[9] Figueiredo M V B, Martinez C R, Burity H A. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving nodulation and nitrogen fixation in the common bean[J]. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2008, 7(24): 1187-1193.
[10] 杜丽娟, 施书莲, 周克瑜, 等. 利用¹⁵N 自然丰度法测定固氮植物的固氮量: III. 参比植物的选择[J]. 土壤, 1996, (4): 210-212.
[11] 何道文, 孙辉, 黄雪菊. 利用¹⁵N自然丰度法研究固氮植物生物固氮量[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2004, 21(1): 132-137.
[12] 曹亚澄, 施书莲, 杜丽娟, 等. 应用¹⁵N自然丰度法测定固氮植物固氮量: I. 草本豆科固氮植物固氮量的测定[J]. 土壤学报, 1995, 32(增刊2): 217-225.
[13] 杨子文, 沈禹颖, 谢田玲, 等. 外源供氮水平对大豆生物固氮效率的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2009, 29(3): 574-579.
[14] 姚允寅, 陈明, 马昌磷, 等. ¹⁵N 天然丰度法测量豆科牧草共生固氮的评估[J]. 核农学报, 1991, 5(3): 139-145.
[15] Bushby H V A. Colonization of rhizaospheres by Brady rhizobium sp. in relation to strain persistence and nodulation of some pasture legumes[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993, 25: 597-605.
[16] 慈恩, 高明. 环境因子对豆科共生固氮影响的研究进展[J]. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(6): 1269-1274.
[17] 闫艳红, 杨文钰, 张新. 施氮量对套作大豆花后光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 233-238.
[18] 刘莉, 周俊初, 陈华葵. 不同化合态氮浓度对大豆根瘤菌结瘤和固氮作用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 1998, 31(4): 87-89.
[19] 王树起. 施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2009, 24(2): 76-179.
[20] Cherney J H, Duxbury J M. Inorganic nitrogen supply and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in alfalfa[J]. Plant Nutrient, 1994, 17: 2053-2067.
[21] 姚允寅, 陈明, 马昌磷, 等. 低水平化合态氮素对牧草固氮及土壤氮素肥力贡献的影响[J]. 同位素, 1990, 3(2): 79-84.
[22] Gan Y B, Mark B P, Benjavan R. The effect of N fertilizer strategy on N₂ fixation growth and yield of vegetables oybean[J]. Field Crops Research, 1997, 51(3): 221-229.
[23] Fernando S, James E S, Kenneth G C, et al. Growth and nitrogen fixation in high-yielding soybean: impact of nitrogen fertilization[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2009, 104(4): 958-970.
[24] Maria J A, Silvina L. Strain selection for improvement of Brady-rhizobium japonicum competiti veness for nodulation of soybean[J]. FEMS Microiology Letters, 2008, 282: 115-123.
[25] 唐颖, 卢林纲, 隋文志, 等. 根瘤菌不同接种方式对大豆根瘤分布及产量的影响[J]. 现代化农业, 2002, 4: 13-17.
[26] 张红侠, 冯瑞华, 关大伟, 等. 黄土高原地区优良大豆根瘤菌的筛选与接种方式研究[J]. 大豆科学, 2010, 29(6): 996-1002.
[27] 姜成林, 徐丽华. 微生物肥料的生产应用及其资源利用[A]. 微生物资源开发利用[M]. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2001.
[28] 王巧兰, 吴礼树, 赵竹青, 等. ¹⁵N示踪技术在植物N素营养研究中的应用及进展[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2007, 26(1): 127-132.
[29] 姚允寅, 陈明, 马昌磷. 几种饲用牧草的δ¹⁵N 值及其固氮能力初评[J]. 同位素, 1992, 5(3): 129-134.
[30] 姚允寅, 陈明, 马昌磷. 应用¹⁵N自然丰度法估测结瘤作物的共生固氮量[J]. 核农学报, 1989, 3(2): 65-74.
[31] 王平, 周道玮, 姜世成. 半干旱地区禾—豆混播草地生物固氮作用研究[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 276-280.
[32] Chen W, McCaughey W P, Grant C A. Pasture type and fertilization effects on N₂ fixation N budgets and external energy inputs in western Canada[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2004, 36: 1205-1212.