覆盖对枸杞根系土壤环境和水分利用的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018162

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 耐旱枸杞作为西北干旱地区重要的经济作物,为进一步了解枸杞根系吸水特性,提高对土壤水分利用效率,在甘肃省古浪县农业示范基地(37.30° N,103.29° E)以4年生枸杞‘宁杞1号’植株为材料,设置4个处理:地布FM、地膜PM和秸秆SM,以裸地为对照CK,通过测定不同处理枸杞根系水力学特性和根际土壤含水量、电导率、有机碳以及微生物数量和多样性等土壤理化性质,了解覆盖使枸杞土壤微环境变化对植株根系水分运输利用的影响。覆盖处理使植株比导率均有不同程度的提高,地膜覆盖使冠层和根系比导率最大,达到裸地对照的109.7%和102.8%;地膜覆盖植物水分利用效率最小,秸秆覆盖水分利用效率最大;覆盖处理使土壤含水量均显著升高,其中地膜覆盖土壤含水量最高,在土层0~60 cm处比裸地对照高1.93%;随着土壤含水量升高,根系对土壤水分的利用也逐渐偏向于浅层,深层土壤水分贡献率由裸地对照的81.81%降低到地膜覆盖的47.06%;覆盖处理后土壤平均温度为地膜>地布>对照>秸秆;秸秆覆盖处理土壤有机碳含量、微生物数量和香浓指数分别为14.69 mg·g^-1、618.8×10⁶ CFU·g^-1和3.13(H),均高于其他处理;地膜覆盖使土壤微生物数量和多样性升高,但使总有机碳含量降低到裸地对照的97.98%;土壤温度和土壤含水量与植株导水率和水分利用效率具有显著的相关性,能够直接影响植株水分利用特性。根系水分利用效率与覆盖材料有关,秸秆覆盖较其他覆盖措施对植株生长和改良土壤环境的作用更显著,当前干旱地区农业生产中,可以通过秸秆覆盖提高枸杞根系水分利用效率。

关键词: 枸杞, 覆盖, 根际土壤, 根系, 导水率

Abstract: Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry), is the main commercial crop in arid land in northwestern China. This research aimed to improve knowledge of the water uptake characteristics of L. barbarum, in order to increase the water use efficiency of the root system. A mulching experiment was conducted at the Gulang agricultural demonstration area, Gansu province (37.30° N, 103.29° E). The experiment included four mulching treatments: plastic mulching (PM), fabric mulching (FM), stalk mulching (SM), and an un-mulched control (CK). Hydraulic conductivity of the canopy and root, and soil micro-environment were monitored in four year old seedlings of the ‘Ningqi 1’ variety of L. barbarum. It was found that the hydraulic conductivity of the canopy and roots was increased by mulching. The greatest increase occurred with PM, which had values 109.7% and 102.8% of CK. The root system absorbed water mainly in the 30-100 cm soil depth in the CK plants. Soil moisture increase in 0-30 cm was found to decrease the utilization rate by plants of deeper soil moisture. Depletion of the deep soil moisture was 81.81% in CK, compared to 47.06% in the PM treatment. WUE was lowest in the PM treatment and highest in the SM treatment. By contrast, the soil moisture content at 0-150 cm was increased by mulching, and was highest in the PM treatment. For soil average temperature, the treatments ranked PM>FM>CK>SM. soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, and microbioal diversity index were enhanced in SM (14.69 mg·g^-1, 618.8×10⁶ CFU·g^-1 and 3.13 H, respectively), compared to other treatments, while the soil organic carbon of the PM treatment was the lowest (97.98% of CK). The soil temperature, soil moisture content with the hydraulic conductivity and water use efficiency showed significant correlations. It suggested that the root water use efficiency in L. barbarum is affected by the mulching material used. Promotion of plant growth and improvement of the soil environment was more pronounced in the SM treatment with other mulching materials, It is possible to increase the water use efficiency of roots by stalk mulching.

Key words: Lycium barbarum, mulching, rhizosphere soil, root system, hydraulic conductivity

胥生荣, 张恩和, 马瑞丽, 王琦, 刘青林, 黄钰芳. 覆盖对枸杞根系土壤环境和水分利用的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(2): 12-22.

XU Sheng-rong, ZHANG En-he, MA Rui-li, WANG Qi, LIU Qing-lin, HUANG Yu-fang. Effects of mulching on soil environment and water utilization by roots of Lycium barbarum[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(2): 12-22.

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