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草业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 117-126.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019546

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

炭疽病对沙尔沁地区苜蓿产量和品质的影响

张梨梨, 史敏, 李彦忠*   

  1. 兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学甘肃省西部草业技术创新中心,兰州大学草业科学国家级实验教学示范中心,兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州730020
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-16 修回日期:2020-02-18 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-06-20
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: liyzh@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张梨梨(1991-),女,甘肃古浪人,在读硕士。 E-mail: zhangll18@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50),甘肃省科技重大专项计划草类植物种质创新与品种选育(19ZD2NA002),公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303057),国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)和南志标院士工作站(2018IC074)资助

Effect of anthracnose infection on alfalfa yield and quality in the Shaerqin area

ZHANG Li-li, SHI Min, LI Yan-zhong*   

  1. Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2019-12-16 Revised:2020-02-18 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-06-20

摘要: 由刺盘孢 (Colletotrichum americae-borealis)引致的炭疽病是苜蓿毁灭性病害之一,该病近年来在内蒙古普遍发生。为确定其对苜蓿产量和品质的影响,本研究以内蒙古沙尔沁地区的44个苜蓿品种对炭疽病的抗病性为基础,对猎人河、巨能2和驯鹿3个品种不同发病程度植株进行了产量损失评定,评价了炭疽病对驯鹿品种常规营养成分和氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,44个苜蓿品种对炭疽病抗性存在差异,高感、中感、中抗和高抗品种的百分比依次为31.82%、34.09%、31.82%和2.27%,其中猎人河、驯鹿和巨能2均属于高感品种,不宜在该地区种植。与健康植株比较,重度发病的猎人河、巨能2和驯鹿品种单株干重显著降低6.72%~27.24%(P<0.05),产量显著降低6.79%~37.39%(P<0.05);与轻度发病植株相比,重度感病驯鹿、巨能2和猎人河产量显著降低了0.49%~21.06% (P<0.05)。重度发病植株的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于健康植株(P<0.05),分别上升20.57%和15.79%,粗脂肪、粗蛋白等其他指标含量均显著低于健康植株(P<0.05),分别下降了34.53%和16.52%等;炭疽病显著降低了苜蓿氨基酸含量(P<0.05),其中蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸和组氨酸含量分别降低54.21%~85.88%。以炭疽病严重度为自变量,各品质指标的含量为因变量建立回归方程,粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸和酪氨酸呈显著负相关且拟合度较好。综上,炭疽病发生严重时,不仅显著降低苜蓿产量,而且影响品质,应加以防治。

关键词: 苜蓿, 炭疽病, 抗病性, 产量, 品质

Abstract: Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum americae-borealis is a serious disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), which has been widespread in Inner Mongolia in recent years. This study evaluated the resistance of 44 alfalfa varieties to anthracnose in the Shaerqin area of Inner Mongolia, in order to determine the anthracnose effect on alfalfa yield and quality. We also evaluated the disease severity in three alfalfa varieties: Hunter river, Magnum 2 and Reindeer. Yield loss assessments were performed to evaluate the effects of anthracnose on nutritional content and amino acid content in the variety reindeer. The results showed that there were differences in resistance to anthracnose among the 44 tested alfalfa varieties. The tested varieties were classified as having high susceptibility (13 varieties), moderate susceptibility (14 varieties), moderate resistance (13 varieties), or high resistance (1 variety). Hunter river, Reindeer, and Magnum 2 were among the highly susceptible varieties and should not be grown in this area. Compared with healthy plants, the plant dry weight of severely affected Hunter river, Magnum 2 and Reindeer varieties was reduced by 6.72%-27.24% (P<0.05), and yield was significantly reduced by 6.795-37.39% (P<0.05). Compared with lightly diseased plants, the yields of severely susceptible Reindeer, Magnum 2 and Hunter river decreased significantly by 0.49% to 21.06% (P<0.05). The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were, respectively, 20.57% and 15.79% higher in severely diseased plants than in healthy plants (P<0.05), while other indicators such as crude fat and crude protein were significantly lower (34.53% and 16.52%, respectively) than those in healthy plants (P<0.05). Anthracnose reduced the amino acid contents of the tested alfalfa varieties (P<0.05). For example, methionine, isoleucine, lysine, cysteine and histidine contents were reduced by 54.21%-85.88%. A regression equation was established with anthracnose severity as the independent variable and values of the various quality indexes as the dependent variables. Crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, threonine, leucine, alanine, and tyrosine showed a significant negative correlation and a good fit. In summary, when anthracnose is severe, the disease not only significantly reduces the yield, but also affects crop nutritive quality. Therefore, anthracnose should be controlled.

Key words: alfalfa, anthracnose, resistance, yield, quality