草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 89-99.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020167
张生伟1(), 王小平1, 张展海2, 马友记3, 滚双宝3, 杨巧丽3, 高小莉3, 张保军1()
收稿日期:
2020-04-13
修回日期:
2020-05-25
出版日期:
2021-03-20
发布日期:
2021-03-09
通讯作者:
张保军
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: gcb907@163.com基金资助:
Sheng-wei ZHANG1(), Xiao-ping WANG1, Zhan-hai ZHANG2, You-ji MA3, Shuang-bao GUN3, Qiao-li YANG3, Xiao-li GAO3, Bao-jun ZHANG1()
Received:
2020-04-13
Revised:
2020-05-25
Online:
2021-03-20
Published:
2021-03-09
Contact:
Bao-jun ZHANG
摘要:
本研究旨在探讨青贮杂交构树对肉羊生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫指标、肉品质及肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的影响。选用健康、体重(24.2±0.65) kg相近的杜泊×湖羊F1代公羔36只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只。对照组(CG)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(LG、MG、HG)在基础饲粮中分别添加6%、12%和18%的青贮杂交构树。试验期为90 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期80 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同比例的青贮杂交构树后,试验羊末重、平均日增重差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)MG和HG组血清中免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A和免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05);LG、MG和HG组血清中尿素氮含量显著低于CG组(P<0.05)。3)MG和HG组背最长肌粗蛋白质和熟肉率显著高于CG组(P<0.05),粗脂肪、胆固醇、剪切力、失水率显著低于CG组(P<0.05);各组间pH、滴水损失、肉色、大理石纹、脂肪色差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)MG组背最长肌中必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸显著高于CG、LG和HG组(P<0.05),鲜味氨基酸/总氨基酸显著高于CG组(P<0.05);MG组背最长肌必需氨基酸中缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸含量显著高于CG、LG和HG组(P<0.05)。5)LG、MG和HG组肌肉中饱和脂肪酸含量均显著低于CG组(P<0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于CG组(P<0.05);MG组亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加青贮杂交构树对肉羊生长性能无显著影响,但能提高肉羊免疫力,同时改善肌肉营养成分、肉品质、氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成,且以添加12%效果最佳。
张生伟, 王小平, 张展海, 马友记, 滚双宝, 杨巧丽, 高小莉, 张保军. 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 89-99.
Sheng-wei ZHANG, Xiao-ping WANG, Zhan-hai ZHANG, You-ji MA, Shuang-bao GUN, Qiao-li YANG, Xiao-li GAO, Bao-jun ZHANG. Effects of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and meat quality of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 89-99.
项目 Items | pH | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP,%) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (CA,%) | 钙 Calcium (Ca,%) | 磷 Phosphorus (P,%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青贮前 Before silage | 7.3 | 21.30 | 2.57 | 8.19 | 1.71 | 0.20 | 45.21 | 27.36 |
青贮后After silage | 4.4 | 21.70 | 2.82 | 9.51 | 1.35 | 0.32 | 44.02 | 29.87 |
表1 青贮杂交构树营养成分含量(干物质基础)
Table 1 The nutrient composition of B. papyrifera silage (dry matter basis)
项目 Items | pH | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP,%) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (CA,%) | 钙 Calcium (Ca,%) | 磷 Phosphorus (P,%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青贮前 Before silage | 7.3 | 21.30 | 2.57 | 8.19 | 1.71 | 0.20 | 45.21 | 27.36 |
青贮后After silage | 4.4 | 21.70 | 2.82 | 9.51 | 1.35 | 0.32 | 44.02 | 29.87 |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG |
---|---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredient | ||||
玉米Corn (%) | 16.6 | 21.5 | 28.2 | 36.8 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 26.7 | 23.5 | 20.2 | 17.7 |
麦麸Wheat bran (%) | 8.1 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 3.3 |
玉米黄贮Yellow corn silage (%) | 45.7 | 39.3 | 30.7 | 22.5 |
构树青贮Paper mulberry silage (%) | 0.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 18.0 |
石粉Limestone (%) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
食盐NaCl (%) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
预混料Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
合计Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
代谢能Matabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.38 | 10.35 | 10.35 | 10.36 |
粗蛋白CP (%) | 17.42 | 17.40 | 17.41 | 17.40 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 20.50 | 19.47 | 18.23 | 15.95 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 11.06 | 10.58 | 9.87 | 8.90 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.64 |
磷P (%) | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.31 |
表2 饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (dry matter basis)
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG |
---|---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredient | ||||
玉米Corn (%) | 16.6 | 21.5 | 28.2 | 36.8 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 26.7 | 23.5 | 20.2 | 17.7 |
麦麸Wheat bran (%) | 8.1 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 3.3 |
玉米黄贮Yellow corn silage (%) | 45.7 | 39.3 | 30.7 | 22.5 |
构树青贮Paper mulberry silage (%) | 0.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 18.0 |
石粉Limestone (%) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
食盐NaCl (%) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
预混料Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
合计Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
代谢能Matabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.38 | 10.35 | 10.35 | 10.36 |
粗蛋白CP (%) | 17.42 | 17.40 | 17.41 | 17.40 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 20.50 | 19.47 | 18.23 | 15.95 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 11.06 | 10.58 | 9.87 | 8.90 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.64 |
磷P (%) | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.31 |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
始重Initial weight (kg) | 23.50±1.89 | 25.00±1.60 | 24.67±0.88 | 23.50±1.15 | 0.649 |
末重Final weight (kg) | 46.20±1.70 | 47.17±2.69 | 47.08±3.13 | 44.60±0.78 | 0.853 |
平均日增重ADG (kg) | 0.252±0.03 | 0.246±0.02 | 0.249±0.04 | 0.234±0.01 | 0.982 |
平均干物质采食量ADMI (kg) | 1.33±0.3 | 1.35±0.1 | 1.37±0.5 | 1.35±0.2 | 0.635 |
饲粮价格 Price of diet (元Yuan·kg-1) | 1.67 | 1.52 | 1.43 | 1.35 | |
增重效益 Gain benefit (元Yuan) | 549.20±31.51 | 546.93±27.46 | 563.21±22.60 | 532.28±42.08 | 0.775 |
表3 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊生长性能和增重效益的影响
Table 3 Effects of B. papyrifera silage on growth performance and gain benefit of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
始重Initial weight (kg) | 23.50±1.89 | 25.00±1.60 | 24.67±0.88 | 23.50±1.15 | 0.649 |
末重Final weight (kg) | 46.20±1.70 | 47.17±2.69 | 47.08±3.13 | 44.60±0.78 | 0.853 |
平均日增重ADG (kg) | 0.252±0.03 | 0.246±0.02 | 0.249±0.04 | 0.234±0.01 | 0.982 |
平均干物质采食量ADMI (kg) | 1.33±0.3 | 1.35±0.1 | 1.37±0.5 | 1.35±0.2 | 0.635 |
饲粮价格 Price of diet (元Yuan·kg-1) | 1.67 | 1.52 | 1.43 | 1.35 | |
增重效益 Gain benefit (元Yuan) | 549.20±31.51 | 546.93±27.46 | 563.21±22.60 | 532.28±42.08 | 0.775 |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总蛋白Total protein (TP, mg·mL-1) | 48.33±3.54 | 55.81±6.07 | 53.91±4.86 | 57.83±5.29 | 0.597 |
尿素氮Urea nitrogen (UN, mmol·L-1) | 26.50±1.12a | 20.80±1.20b | 21.83±1.47b | 19.00±1.13b | 0.016 |
血氨Blood ammonia (BA, μmol·L-1) | 171.77±1.94 | 170.03±18.35 | 183.23±12.40 | 159.80±11.89 | 0.645 |
谷丙转氨酶Alanine aminotransferase alt (ALT, U·L-1) | 28.30±1.90 | 25.03±1.46 | 21.07±1.64 | 22.83±1.02 | 0.620 |
谷草转氨酶Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, U·L-1) | 34.97±1.13 | 37.47±1.79 | 35.80±1.35 | 36.83±0.77 | 0.261 |
免疫球蛋白G Immunoglobulin G (IgG, μg·mL-1) | 510.70±72.08b | 652.97±30.76ab | 661.93±37.37a | 728.57±16.81a | 0.044 |
免疫球蛋白A Immunoglobulin A (IgA, μg·mL-1) | 222.53±22.92b | 261.57±22.32ab | 291.63±17.67a | 288.00±11.85a | 0.027 |
免疫球蛋白M Immunoglobulin M (IgM, μg·mL-1) | 1006.90±52.48b | 1136.63±20.24ab | 1280.23±21.38a | 1261.63±51.57a | 0.036 |
γ-干扰素Interferon (IFN-γ, pg·mL-1) | 749.57±30.19 | 766.67±41.36 | 730.40±72.06 | 771.60±97.47 | 0.969 |
白细胞介素-1 Interleukin-1 (IL-1, pg·mL-1) | 409.83±22.45 | 370.80±59.13 | 388.53±54.09 | 394.93±52.51 | 0.953 |
白细胞介素-2 Interleukin-1 (IL-2, pg·mL-1) | 1087.33±16.83a | 960.93±40.80ab | 959.37±63.73ab | 938.33±24.27b | 0.018 |
表4 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊血清生化指标、免疫指标的影响
Table 4 Effects of B. papyrifera silage on serum biochemical and immune indexes of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总蛋白Total protein (TP, mg·mL-1) | 48.33±3.54 | 55.81±6.07 | 53.91±4.86 | 57.83±5.29 | 0.597 |
尿素氮Urea nitrogen (UN, mmol·L-1) | 26.50±1.12a | 20.80±1.20b | 21.83±1.47b | 19.00±1.13b | 0.016 |
血氨Blood ammonia (BA, μmol·L-1) | 171.77±1.94 | 170.03±18.35 | 183.23±12.40 | 159.80±11.89 | 0.645 |
谷丙转氨酶Alanine aminotransferase alt (ALT, U·L-1) | 28.30±1.90 | 25.03±1.46 | 21.07±1.64 | 22.83±1.02 | 0.620 |
谷草转氨酶Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, U·L-1) | 34.97±1.13 | 37.47±1.79 | 35.80±1.35 | 36.83±0.77 | 0.261 |
免疫球蛋白G Immunoglobulin G (IgG, μg·mL-1) | 510.70±72.08b | 652.97±30.76ab | 661.93±37.37a | 728.57±16.81a | 0.044 |
免疫球蛋白A Immunoglobulin A (IgA, μg·mL-1) | 222.53±22.92b | 261.57±22.32ab | 291.63±17.67a | 288.00±11.85a | 0.027 |
免疫球蛋白M Immunoglobulin M (IgM, μg·mL-1) | 1006.90±52.48b | 1136.63±20.24ab | 1280.23±21.38a | 1261.63±51.57a | 0.036 |
γ-干扰素Interferon (IFN-γ, pg·mL-1) | 749.57±30.19 | 766.67±41.36 | 730.40±72.06 | 771.60±97.47 | 0.969 |
白细胞介素-1 Interleukin-1 (IL-1, pg·mL-1) | 409.83±22.45 | 370.80±59.13 | 388.53±54.09 | 394.93±52.51 | 0.953 |
白细胞介素-2 Interleukin-1 (IL-2, pg·mL-1) | 1087.33±16.83a | 960.93±40.80ab | 959.37±63.73ab | 938.33±24.27b | 0.018 |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分Moisture (%) | 71.97±0.52 | 72.77±0.24 | 71.60±0.45 | 72.53±0.72 | 0.416 |
粗蛋白CP (%) | 21.50±0.42c | 21.87±0.03bc | 23.00±0.32ab | 23.63±0.52a | 0.012 |
粗脂肪EE (%) | 3.93±0.03a | 3.73±0.35a | 2.17±0.17b | 2.53±0.24b | 0.001 |
粗灰分Ash (%) | 1.23±0.03 | 1.13±0.07 | 1.17±0.07 | 1.27±0.03 | 0.330 |
胆固醇Cholesterol (CHO, mg·kg-1) | 672.00±34.93a | 530.30±15.03b | 518.13±47.09b | 521.67±24.50b | 0.028 |
表5 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊肌肉营养成分、胆固醇含量的影响
Table 5 Effects of B. papyrifera silage on muscle nutrient composition, cholesterol contents of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分Moisture (%) | 71.97±0.52 | 72.77±0.24 | 71.60±0.45 | 72.53±0.72 | 0.416 |
粗蛋白CP (%) | 21.50±0.42c | 21.87±0.03bc | 23.00±0.32ab | 23.63±0.52a | 0.012 |
粗脂肪EE (%) | 3.93±0.03a | 3.73±0.35a | 2.17±0.17b | 2.53±0.24b | 0.001 |
粗灰分Ash (%) | 1.23±0.03 | 1.13±0.07 | 1.17±0.07 | 1.27±0.03 | 0.330 |
胆固醇Cholesterol (CHO, mg·kg-1) | 672.00±34.93a | 530.30±15.03b | 518.13±47.09b | 521.67±24.50b | 0.028 |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH45 min | 6.19±0.08 | 6.10±0.04 | 6.30±0.10 | 6.25±0.31 | 0.294 |
pH24 h | 5.58±0.04 | 5.65±0.05 | 5.61±0.08 | 5.59±0.03 | 0.810 |
剪切力 Shear force (N) | 73.08±1.47a | 70.25±1.08ab | 67.91±1.19b | 66.83±1.05b | 0.021 |
失水率 Water loss rate (%) | 14.99±0.88a | 13.91±0.58ab | 12.64±0.61b | 12.73±0.76b | 0.022 |
滴水损失 Drip loss rate (%) | 4.61±0.47 | 4.20±0.49 | 3.97±0.41 | 4.04±0.37 | 0.738 |
熟肉率 Cooked meat rate (%) | 40.62±0.36b | 42.18±0.45ab | 43.54±0.54a | 43.81±0.73a | 0.011 |
肉色亮度 Brightness (L*) | 33.00±0.58 | 32.33±0.67 | 32.67±0.67 | 32.33±0.33 | 0.821 |
肉色红度 Redness (a*) | 21.00±0.58 | 22.67±0.33 | 23.33±0.33 | 22.00±0.58 | 0.400 |
肉色黄度 Yellowness (b*) | 0.40±0.05 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.33±0.06 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.596 |
大理石纹Marbling | B | B | B | B | |
脂肪色Fat color | A | A | A | A |
表6 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊肉品质的影响
Table 6 Effects of B. papyrifera silage on meat quality of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH45 min | 6.19±0.08 | 6.10±0.04 | 6.30±0.10 | 6.25±0.31 | 0.294 |
pH24 h | 5.58±0.04 | 5.65±0.05 | 5.61±0.08 | 5.59±0.03 | 0.810 |
剪切力 Shear force (N) | 73.08±1.47a | 70.25±1.08ab | 67.91±1.19b | 66.83±1.05b | 0.021 |
失水率 Water loss rate (%) | 14.99±0.88a | 13.91±0.58ab | 12.64±0.61b | 12.73±0.76b | 0.022 |
滴水损失 Drip loss rate (%) | 4.61±0.47 | 4.20±0.49 | 3.97±0.41 | 4.04±0.37 | 0.738 |
熟肉率 Cooked meat rate (%) | 40.62±0.36b | 42.18±0.45ab | 43.54±0.54a | 43.81±0.73a | 0.011 |
肉色亮度 Brightness (L*) | 33.00±0.58 | 32.33±0.67 | 32.67±0.67 | 32.33±0.33 | 0.821 |
肉色红度 Redness (a*) | 21.00±0.58 | 22.67±0.33 | 23.33±0.33 | 22.00±0.58 | 0.400 |
肉色黄度 Yellowness (b*) | 0.40±0.05 | 0.33±0.03 | 0.33±0.06 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.596 |
大理石纹Marbling | B | B | B | B | |
脂肪色Fat color | A | A | A | A |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
天冬氨酸 Aspartic # | 1.59±0.09b | 1.68±0.02b | 1.92±0.03a | 1.75±0.01b | 0.010 |
苏氨酸 Threonine * | 0.90±0.03b | 0.91±0.01ab | 0.99±0.03a | 0.89±0.04b | 0.017 |
丝氨酸 Serine | 0.74±0.03 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.206 |
谷氨酸 Glutamate # | 2.87±0.06b | 2.96±0.04b | 3.30±0.03a | 2.95±0.01b | 0.011 |
甘氨酸 Glycine # | 0.85±0.03b | 0.90±0.03ab | 0.98±0.02a | 0.88±0.04ab | 0.038 |
丙氨酸 Alanine # | 1.17±0.04b | 1.17±0.02b | 1.41±0.05a | 1.31±0.03a | 0.005 |
胱氨酸 Cystine | 0.21±0.01 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.19±0.02 | 0.436 |
缬氨酸 Valine * | 1.02±0.01c | 0.97±0.02c | 1.31±0.02a | 1.15±0.02b | <0.001 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine * | 1.53±0.02b | 1.52±0.01b | 1.72±0.03a | 1.64±0.05ab | 0.028 |
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine * | 0.91±0.04 | 0.89±0.02 | 1.01±0.03 | 0.92±0.06 | 0.208 |
亮氨酸 Leucine* | 1.72±0.05b | 1.77±0.04b | 1.98±0.04a | 1.82±0.04b | 0.012 |
酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 0.86±0.04a | 0.83±0.03a | 0.79±0.06ab | 0.67±0.02b | 0.031 |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine * | 0.94±0.04b | 0.91±0.05bc | 1.09±0.03a | 0.80±0.02c | 0.003 |
赖氨酸 Lysine * | 1.83±0.06c | 1.97±0.03b | 2.32±0.02a | 2.07±0.04b | <0.001 |
组氨酸 Histidine | 0.68±0.02 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.68±0.02 | 0.304 |
精氨酸 Arginine * | 2.29±0.04b | 2.30±0.02b | 2.47±0.01a | 2.32±0.03b | 0.005 |
脯氨酸 Proline | 1.21±0.05b | 1.24±0.03b | 1.19±0.04b | 1.59±0.02a | <0.001 |
必需氨基酸 Essential amino acid (EAA) | 11.14±0.29b | 11.24±0.08b | 12.92±0.11a | 11.62±0.14b | <0.001 |
鲜味氨基酸 Delicious amino acid (DAA) | 6.48±0.08b | 6.70±0.07b | 7.61±0.04a | 6.89±0.03b | 0.004 |
总氨基酸 Total amino acid TAA | 21.32±0.17b | 21.66±0.20b | 24.20±0.19a | 22.34±0.15b | 0.003 |
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸EAA/TAA | 52.26±0.45b | 51.88±0.10b | 53.37±0.25a | 51.99±0.36b | 0.038 |
鲜味氨基酸/总氨基酸DAA/TAA | 30.39±0.53b | 30.95±0.16ab | 31.43±0.18a | 30.85±0.16ab | 0.193 |
表7 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊背最长肌氨基酸组成的影响
Table 7 Effects of B. papyrifera silage on composition of amino acid in longissimus dorsi muscle of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep (μg·g-1)
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
天冬氨酸 Aspartic # | 1.59±0.09b | 1.68±0.02b | 1.92±0.03a | 1.75±0.01b | 0.010 |
苏氨酸 Threonine * | 0.90±0.03b | 0.91±0.01ab | 0.99±0.03a | 0.89±0.04b | 0.017 |
丝氨酸 Serine | 0.74±0.03 | 0.75±0.01 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.206 |
谷氨酸 Glutamate # | 2.87±0.06b | 2.96±0.04b | 3.30±0.03a | 2.95±0.01b | 0.011 |
甘氨酸 Glycine # | 0.85±0.03b | 0.90±0.03ab | 0.98±0.02a | 0.88±0.04ab | 0.038 |
丙氨酸 Alanine # | 1.17±0.04b | 1.17±0.02b | 1.41±0.05a | 1.31±0.03a | 0.005 |
胱氨酸 Cystine | 0.21±0.01 | 0.21±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 | 0.19±0.02 | 0.436 |
缬氨酸 Valine * | 1.02±0.01c | 0.97±0.02c | 1.31±0.02a | 1.15±0.02b | <0.001 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine * | 1.53±0.02b | 1.52±0.01b | 1.72±0.03a | 1.64±0.05ab | 0.028 |
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine * | 0.91±0.04 | 0.89±0.02 | 1.01±0.03 | 0.92±0.06 | 0.208 |
亮氨酸 Leucine* | 1.72±0.05b | 1.77±0.04b | 1.98±0.04a | 1.82±0.04b | 0.012 |
酪氨酸 Tyrosine | 0.86±0.04a | 0.83±0.03a | 0.79±0.06ab | 0.67±0.02b | 0.031 |
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine * | 0.94±0.04b | 0.91±0.05bc | 1.09±0.03a | 0.80±0.02c | 0.003 |
赖氨酸 Lysine * | 1.83±0.06c | 1.97±0.03b | 2.32±0.02a | 2.07±0.04b | <0.001 |
组氨酸 Histidine | 0.68±0.02 | 0.69±0.01 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.68±0.02 | 0.304 |
精氨酸 Arginine * | 2.29±0.04b | 2.30±0.02b | 2.47±0.01a | 2.32±0.03b | 0.005 |
脯氨酸 Proline | 1.21±0.05b | 1.24±0.03b | 1.19±0.04b | 1.59±0.02a | <0.001 |
必需氨基酸 Essential amino acid (EAA) | 11.14±0.29b | 11.24±0.08b | 12.92±0.11a | 11.62±0.14b | <0.001 |
鲜味氨基酸 Delicious amino acid (DAA) | 6.48±0.08b | 6.70±0.07b | 7.61±0.04a | 6.89±0.03b | 0.004 |
总氨基酸 Total amino acid TAA | 21.32±0.17b | 21.66±0.20b | 24.20±0.19a | 22.34±0.15b | 0.003 |
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸EAA/TAA | 52.26±0.45b | 51.88±0.10b | 53.37±0.25a | 51.99±0.36b | 0.038 |
鲜味氨基酸/总氨基酸DAA/TAA | 30.39±0.53b | 30.95±0.16ab | 31.43±0.18a | 30.85±0.16ab | 0.193 |
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
癸酸 Decanoic (C10:0) | 0.039±0.001 | 0.038±0.005 | 0.023±0.003 | 0.021±0.005 | 0.327 |
月桂酸 Lauric (C12:0) | 0.032±0.008 | 0.037±0.010 | 0.026±0.009 | 0.019±0.004 | 0.635 |
十三碳酸 Tridecanoic (C13:0) | 0.007±0.002 | 0.006±0.001 | 0.005±0.001 | 0.004±0.001 | 0.384 |
肉豆蔻酸 Myristic (C14:0) | 0.74±0.12 | 0.55±0.13 | 0.64±0.24 | 0.50±0.23 | 0.601 |
肉豆蔻油酸 Myristoleic (C14:1n5) | 0.044±0.006 | 0.024±0.011 | 0.018±0.006 | 0.014±0.003 | 0.503 |
十五烷酸 Pentadecanoic (C15:0) | 0.15±0.02 | 0.16±0.03 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.386 |
软脂酸 Palmitic (C16:0) | 7.00±0.23 | 5.83±0.12 | 5.52±0.25 | 5.74±0.32 | 0.463 |
棕榈酸 Palmitoleic (C16:1) | 0.46±0.03 | 0.46±0.02 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.441 |
十七酸 Heptadecanoic (C17:0) | 0.47±0.04 | 0.45±0.05 | 0.29±0.06 | 0.26±0.03 | 0.325 |
硬脂酸 Stearic (C18:0) | 6.36±0.55a | 4.99±0.38b | 3.13±0.26c | 3.83±0.13c | <0.001 |
顺式油酸 Oleic (C18:1n9c) | 12.49±2.32 | 14.02±2.01 | 16.00±1.52 | 11.99±2.19 | 0.578 |
亚油酸 Linoleic (C18:2n6c) | 1.34±0.20b | 1.81±0.16b | 2.49±0.39a | 1.84±0.12b | 0.012 |
花生酸 Arachidonic (C20:0) | 0.036±0.008 | 0.041±0.009 | 0.024±0.003 | 0.026±0.005 | 0.473 |
α-亚麻酸 α-linolenic (C18:3n6) | 0.014±0.002b | 0.016±0.002ab | 0.019±0.001a | 0.014±0.001b | 0.046 |
亚麻酸 Linolenic (C18:3n3) | 0.077±0.005 | 0.098±0.002 | 0.058±0.002 | 0.087±0.003 | 0.595 |
花生烯酸 Arachidonic (C20:1) | 0.030±0.002 | 0.026±0.001 | 0.019±0.001 | 0.044±0.005 | 0.531 |
二十碳二烯酸 Eicosadienoic (C20:2) | 0.016±0.002 | 0.018±0.001 | 0.013±0.002 | 0.014±0.001 | 0.287 |
二十碳三烯酸 Eicosapentaenoic (C20:3n6) | 0.036±0.006 | 0.041±0.004 | 0.028±0.003 | 0.039±0.003 | 0.646 |
花生四烯酸 Arachidonic (C20:4n6) | 0.33±0.02c | 0.41±0.01b | 0.48±0.02a | 0.43±0.01ab | 0.001 |
芥酸 Erucic (C22:1n9) | 0.48±0.08 | 0.55±0.06 | 0.40±0.04 | 0.43±0.04 | 0.753 |
二十三烷酸 Tridecanoic (C23:0) | 0.018±0.003 | 0.019±0.006 | 0.013±0.002 | 0.009±0.001 | 0.290 |
二十碳五烯酸 Eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n3) | 0.016±0.002b | 0.019±0.001ab | 0.022±0.002a | 0.022±0.011a | 0.047 |
二十四碳酸 Tetracosanoic (C24:0) | 0.010±0.001 | 0.010±0.001 | 0.007±0.001 | 0.009±0.001 | 0.401 |
二十二碳六烯酸 Docosahexaenoic (C22:6n3) | 0.016±0.001b | 0.017±0.002b | 0.023±0.004a | 0.010±0.002b | 0.031 |
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | 16.87±1.20a | 12.14±1.46b | 9.78±0.44b | 10.04±0.92b | 0.027 |
单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) | 13.51±2.39 | 15.08±2.09 | 16.70±1.58 | 12.78±2.50 | 0.615 |
多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) | 1.84±0.23c | 2.43±0.20b | 3.17±0.21a | 2.47±0.14b | 0.009 |
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸PUFA/SFA | 10.99±1.49c | 20.94±1.85bc | 32.26±2.45a | 25.77±2.03ab | 0.008 |
表8 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊背最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响
Table 8 Effects of B. papyrifera silage on composition of fatty acid in longissimus dorsi muscle of Dorper×Hu crossbred sheep (mg·g-1)
项目Items | CG | LG | MG | HG | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
癸酸 Decanoic (C10:0) | 0.039±0.001 | 0.038±0.005 | 0.023±0.003 | 0.021±0.005 | 0.327 |
月桂酸 Lauric (C12:0) | 0.032±0.008 | 0.037±0.010 | 0.026±0.009 | 0.019±0.004 | 0.635 |
十三碳酸 Tridecanoic (C13:0) | 0.007±0.002 | 0.006±0.001 | 0.005±0.001 | 0.004±0.001 | 0.384 |
肉豆蔻酸 Myristic (C14:0) | 0.74±0.12 | 0.55±0.13 | 0.64±0.24 | 0.50±0.23 | 0.601 |
肉豆蔻油酸 Myristoleic (C14:1n5) | 0.044±0.006 | 0.024±0.011 | 0.018±0.006 | 0.014±0.003 | 0.503 |
十五烷酸 Pentadecanoic (C15:0) | 0.15±0.02 | 0.16±0.03 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.17±0.01 | 0.386 |
软脂酸 Palmitic (C16:0) | 7.00±0.23 | 5.83±0.12 | 5.52±0.25 | 5.74±0.32 | 0.463 |
棕榈酸 Palmitoleic (C16:1) | 0.46±0.03 | 0.46±0.02 | 0.27±0.01 | 0.29±0.02 | 0.441 |
十七酸 Heptadecanoic (C17:0) | 0.47±0.04 | 0.45±0.05 | 0.29±0.06 | 0.26±0.03 | 0.325 |
硬脂酸 Stearic (C18:0) | 6.36±0.55a | 4.99±0.38b | 3.13±0.26c | 3.83±0.13c | <0.001 |
顺式油酸 Oleic (C18:1n9c) | 12.49±2.32 | 14.02±2.01 | 16.00±1.52 | 11.99±2.19 | 0.578 |
亚油酸 Linoleic (C18:2n6c) | 1.34±0.20b | 1.81±0.16b | 2.49±0.39a | 1.84±0.12b | 0.012 |
花生酸 Arachidonic (C20:0) | 0.036±0.008 | 0.041±0.009 | 0.024±0.003 | 0.026±0.005 | 0.473 |
α-亚麻酸 α-linolenic (C18:3n6) | 0.014±0.002b | 0.016±0.002ab | 0.019±0.001a | 0.014±0.001b | 0.046 |
亚麻酸 Linolenic (C18:3n3) | 0.077±0.005 | 0.098±0.002 | 0.058±0.002 | 0.087±0.003 | 0.595 |
花生烯酸 Arachidonic (C20:1) | 0.030±0.002 | 0.026±0.001 | 0.019±0.001 | 0.044±0.005 | 0.531 |
二十碳二烯酸 Eicosadienoic (C20:2) | 0.016±0.002 | 0.018±0.001 | 0.013±0.002 | 0.014±0.001 | 0.287 |
二十碳三烯酸 Eicosapentaenoic (C20:3n6) | 0.036±0.006 | 0.041±0.004 | 0.028±0.003 | 0.039±0.003 | 0.646 |
花生四烯酸 Arachidonic (C20:4n6) | 0.33±0.02c | 0.41±0.01b | 0.48±0.02a | 0.43±0.01ab | 0.001 |
芥酸 Erucic (C22:1n9) | 0.48±0.08 | 0.55±0.06 | 0.40±0.04 | 0.43±0.04 | 0.753 |
二十三烷酸 Tridecanoic (C23:0) | 0.018±0.003 | 0.019±0.006 | 0.013±0.002 | 0.009±0.001 | 0.290 |
二十碳五烯酸 Eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n3) | 0.016±0.002b | 0.019±0.001ab | 0.022±0.002a | 0.022±0.011a | 0.047 |
二十四碳酸 Tetracosanoic (C24:0) | 0.010±0.001 | 0.010±0.001 | 0.007±0.001 | 0.009±0.001 | 0.401 |
二十二碳六烯酸 Docosahexaenoic (C22:6n3) | 0.016±0.001b | 0.017±0.002b | 0.023±0.004a | 0.010±0.002b | 0.031 |
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | 16.87±1.20a | 12.14±1.46b | 9.78±0.44b | 10.04±0.92b | 0.027 |
单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) | 13.51±2.39 | 15.08±2.09 | 16.70±1.58 | 12.78±2.50 | 0.615 |
多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) | 1.84±0.23c | 2.43±0.20b | 3.17±0.21a | 2.47±0.14b | 0.009 |
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸PUFA/SFA | 10.99±1.49c | 20.94±1.85bc | 32.26±2.45a | 25.77±2.03ab | 0.008 |
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